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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-11-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:44:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vale_ar_dr_rcla.pdf: 5617402 bytes, checksum: ab9ca3ae040de7b67796d7ad90965339 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Procurando desvendar a dinâmica do espaço periurbano, este trabalho tomou como exemplo o município paulista de Araraquara. O entendimento do conceito de espaço periurbano deve ter como base a origem do processo que levou ao seu surgimento, ou seja, o crescimento urbano de forma difusa, ocupando as áreas periféricas da cidade. No espaço periurbano convivem agricultura, residências (principal ou secundária) e atividades urbanas. O processo de urbanização e modernização tecnológica transformou as relações campo-cidade e pressionou o meio rural, que cada vez mais se caracteriza pelo novo rural e pela nova ruralidade, ressaltando características rurais perdidas, principalmente a importância do contato com a natureza, difundida pelo turismo rural. Em Araraquara, o espaço periurbano é analisado a partir da expansão urbana do município que, por ser desordenada, gerou vazios urbanos, além de engolir os espaços rurais no entorno urbano. Esses problemas são alvo do novo Plano Diretor do município, que está em fase de votação na Câmara Municipal. Assim sendo, escolhemos uma área que representasse o espaço periurbano do município, onde procuramos destacar sua plurifuncionalidade, quer dizer, de que forma se caracterizam as propriedades rurais, a agricultura, e as formas de uso e ocupação do solo, em especial o lazer periurbano. / Seeking to disclose the dynamics of periurban space, this research has taken as an example the municipality of Araraquara, in São Paulo State, Brazil. The concept of periurban space must be understood in terms of the origin of its own generation process, namely, the diffuse urban growth, occupying the town peripheries. In the periurban space agriculture, households (primary or secondary) and urban activities. The process of urbanization and technological modernization transformed the town-country relationships, pressed the countyside that more and more characterized itself by the new rural and by the new rurality, by highlighting lost rural characteristics, mainly the importance of the contact with nature, increasingly spread through rural tourism. In Araraquara, the periurban space is analyzed from the start of the municipality urban expansion, which, because disordered, has generated urban empties, besides swallowing of rural spaces in the town surroundings. These problems are the target of the municipality's new Town Planning, which is about to be voted at the Town Council. Thus we have chosen an area which would represent the periurban space of the municipality, where we tried to emphasize its plurifuncionality, i.e. the ways in which rural properties, agriculture, forms of soil use and occupation particularly periurban leisure are characterized.

This thesis responds to a growing appreciation for the richness and ambiguity of mid-century architectural culture in Britain. Initially focussing on the enthusiasm for a science-based approach among architects and town planners, the thesis identifies – in the diverse debates of the Second World War and immediate post-war years – an architecture that achieves significantly more than an abstract, inhuman, or totalising utopianism. Instead, it will expose affinities between the enthusiastic pursuit of objective solutions in architecture and planning and the drastically compromised realities, both of the historic city in ruins, and of certain episodes in the history of architecture that enjoyed popularity after the war. The first chapter introduces the problem of utopianism, a concept that has often accompanied critical studies of modern architecture. An appraisal of the utopian tradition highlights the frequent vagueness and ahistoricism of the term, leaving room for an appreciation of utopian speculation as dynamically historical, with the potential to decisively enact change. The second chapter identifies these characteristics in the mid-century enthusiasm for scientific planning, an approach that used quantifiable methods of research in order to legitimise an emerging town planning profession, which had gained added impetus from the transformative social impact of the Second World War. Underpinned by the civic and regional survey, this approach advanced the potential of technocratic management to ‘solve’ the problems of social organisation and physical planning. However, an analysis of specific attempts to speculatively develop the necessary planning machinery indicates a far richer range of concerns. The third chapter shows that the experience of wartime bombing dramatically changed the aspect of Britain’s towns and cities, with the resulting ruins presenting a visceral challenge to the idealising promise of science. But this seeming conflict obscures the relationship between ruination and reconstruction. For the anxiety and exhilaration of destruction was, in fact, embedded in the practice of rebuilding, both in the memories of the builders and of the public at large. Furthermore, an examination of contemporary architectural writing on the subject of wartime ruins displays an attempt to aestheticise and appropriate the ruin’s effects, while simultaneously maintaining an outward attitude of detachment. The final chapter develops this discussion, moving from the ruins of the historic city to investigate the mid-century adoption of architectural history as a justification for design. It will show that while scientific research seemed to promise objective solutions, the study of history received a similar authority after the war. Consequently, the historian could assume a status analogous to that of the planning expert: a fact evidenced by the activities of Rudolf Wittkower and Nikolaus Pevsner. Just as the utopian potential of science was conditioned by its contingency, this chapter will demonstrate that the appeal to history would also inevitably be limited to partial solutions.

Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Town and Regional Planning in the Faculty of Informatics and Design at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology / The South African (town) planning education system has been influenced by philosophies of European and American planning education models. The Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) planning school is no exception to this influence. The planning school adopted the technical and physical design model which was meant to respond to the need for technically skilled labourers of the 19th century. In the 19th century, education was security to a lifetime job, however in the current technological revolution this is no longer the case; it is the learned skills and experiences that can be added to your portfolio. Employers argue that graduates are out of sync with the needs and demands of the workplace; they are unable to express what they have learnt in the classroom in the workplace. The argument of this research is that the dominance of the technical skills component in the CPUT planning programme meant that graduates had a high level of technical skills while their “soft skills” were insufficiently developed. The “soft skills” that graduates need are enterprise skills. Enterprise skills are the result of enterprise education. There are two forms of enterprise education: education for enterprise aims to equip students with business start up skills, education through enterprise (which is the focus of this research) aims to teach students interpersonal skills through “learning by doing”; this enables students to translate the theory learnt in the classroom in the workplace. The objective of education through an enterprise approach is to develop behavioural skills, attitude and values which students can use in their professions. The research problem is that the current town planning curriculum of CPUT does not motivate nor support graduates to be enterprising. The first objective of this research is to investigate enterprise skills that are relevant for planning graduates. The second objective is to investigate the existence of enterprise skills development in the town planning curriculum of CPUT. Therefore, the research questions are: 1. Which enterprise skills are relevant for town planning graduates? 2. Is there an existence of enterprise skills development in the CPUT town planning curriculum? A mixed method research approach was used to answer the above-mentioned research questions. A quantitative research approach was used to answer the first research question, and this took the form of a questionnaire. There were two research participants: employers of CPUT graduates in the Western Cape were asked to identify relevant skills that graduates should have for the workplace. The other research participants were lecturers at the CPUT Department of Town and Regional Planning. They were asked to identify the skills that they developed through their teaching. The qualitative research approach was used to answer the second research question, this was in the form of structured interviews, and it was directed at the lecturers of the CPUT planning department. The objective of the qualitative method was to investigate the teaching styles of lecturers whether they promoted the development of enterprise skills. Employers have confirmed that CPUT graduates demonstrate more technical skills than the interpersonal skills. Although employers are content with the quality of technical skills, they have indicated that the workplace needs graduates with thinking skills, teamwork, planning and organising, the ability to recognise the importance of stakeholders, time management, the ability to adapt to change and the ability to act resourcefully. On the other hand, lecturers believed that they developed graduates that have thinking skills, self-learning, problem solving, analytical skills, planning and organising, decision making, communication skills, independence and confidence. The skills that employers get, do not correlate with those skills that graduates demonstrate. The skills that graduates demonstrate do not correlate with the skills that they have been taught. Literature confirms this trend by stating that planning practitioners and planning educators share a common misunderstanding about what skills graduates should have. The teaching styles of lecturers at the CPUT planning department were analysed using the principles of teaching through an enterprise approach which is: student centeredness, collaborative, experiential, flexible and negotiated teaching methods. It was found that the principles of collaboration and experiential learning were evident teaching practices. However, the principles of student centeredness, flexibility and negotiation were non-existent practices. In other words, there is some existence of an enterprise approach in teaching. Is it sufficient enough to develop enterprise skills that graduates need in industry? No, employers have confirmed that what they want from graduates is not what they get. Even though literature does not explicitly link planning education and enterprise education, there are numerous planning education authors who believe in the concept and principles of enterprise education. The findings of this research have also indicated that indeed enterprise skills are vital for the workplace. The advantage of integrating enterprise education is that it can be moulded to fit the purpose and objective of any subject; it can be weaved into already existing subjects so that it does not overwhelm the system. There are numerous opportunities in the CPUT planning curriculum that provide a platform for the inclusion of enterprise education, such as planning design studios, service learning projects, etc. What is needed is a mind-shift from authoritarian teaching to a more student centred approach.

Orientador: Lúcia Helena de Oliveira Gerardi / Banca: Silvia Aparecida Guarnieri Ortigoza / Banca: Darlene Aparecida de Oliveira Ferreira / Banca: Walquíria Kruger Corrêa / Banca: Luciana Márcia Gonçalves Cintrão / Resumo: Procurando desvendar a dinâmica do espaço periurbano, este trabalho tomou como exemplo o município paulista de Araraquara. O entendimento do conceito de espaço periurbano deve ter como base a origem do processo que levou ao seu surgimento, ou seja, o crescimento urbano de forma difusa, ocupando as áreas periféricas da cidade. No espaço periurbano convivem agricultura, residências (principal ou secundária) e atividades urbanas. O processo de urbanização e modernização tecnológica transformou as relações campo-cidade e pressionou o meio rural, que cada vez mais se caracteriza pelo novo rural e pela nova ruralidade, ressaltando características rurais perdidas, principalmente a importância do contato com a natureza, difundida pelo turismo rural. Em Araraquara, o espaço periurbano é analisado a partir da expansão urbana do município que, por ser desordenada, gerou vazios urbanos, além de engolir os espaços rurais no entorno urbano. Esses problemas são alvo do novo Plano Diretor do município, que está em fase de votação na Câmara Municipal. Assim sendo, escolhemos uma área que representasse o espaço periurbano do município, onde procuramos destacar sua plurifuncionalidade, quer dizer, de que forma se caracterizam as propriedades rurais, a agricultura, e as formas de uso e ocupação do solo, em especial o lazer periurbano. / Abstract: Seeking to disclose the dynamics of periurban space, this research has taken as an example the municipality of Araraquara, in São Paulo State, Brazil. The concept of periurban space must be understood in terms of the origin of its own generation process, namely, the diffuse urban growth, occupying the town peripheries. In the periurban space agriculture, households (primary or secondary) and urban activities. The process of urbanization and technological modernization transformed the town-country relationships, pressed the countyside that more and more characterized itself by the new rural and by the new rurality, by highlighting lost rural characteristics, mainly the importance of the contact with nature, increasingly spread through rural tourism. In Araraquara, the periurban space is analyzed from the start of the municipality urban expansion, which, because disordered, has generated urban empties, besides swallowing of rural spaces in the town surroundings. These problems are the target of the municipality's new Town Planning, which is about to be voted at the Town Council. Thus we have chosen an area which would represent the periurban space of the municipality, where we tried to emphasize its plurifuncionality, i.e. the ways in which rural properties, agriculture, forms of soil use and occupation particularly periurban leisure are characterized. / Doutor

Esta tese busca discutir sobre algumas concepções teóricas de cidade no período do Renascimento. Consideramos que a gênese desta ideia foi, na teoria da arquitetura, com o tratado de Leon Battista Alberti. Durante o século XVI as diversas ideias de cidade apresentam várias faces: desde a arquitetura e urbanismo, passando pela literatura utópica, até os tratados de politica e governo. Para essa tese analisamos obras de Leon Battista Alberti, Antonio di Pietro Averlino, Francesco di Giorgio Martini, Ludovico Agostini, Raffaello Sanzio, Claudio Tolomei, Francisco de Holanda e o Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. O tema da cidade é analisado através das obras destes autores, dentre os mais significativos sobre o tema ao longo dos séculos XV e XVI na Europa e América. Concluímos com uma síntese do que entendemos como a ideia de cidade do Renascimento, ressaltando que são múltiplas e complexas como o são os próprios autores e realidades. / This Ph.D. thesis discuss about some theoretical conceptions of city in the Renaissance. Considering that the genesis of this idea into the architectural theory started with the Leon Battista Alberti\'s treatise, and developed during the 15th century with the treatises from Antonio di Pietro Averlino and Francesco di Giorgio Martini. During the 16th century the theories of city have many faces: since the theory of architecture and urbanism, passing to utopiac literature, arriving in treatises of politics and government. In this Ph.D. thesis we analyze works of Leon Battista Alberti, Antonio di Pietro Averlino, Francesco di Giorgio Martini, Ludovico Agostini, Raffaello Sanzio, Claudio Tolomei, Francisco de Holanda and the Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. The theme of the city is examined through the works of these authors, the most significants on the subject during the 15th and 16th centuries in Europe and America. We conclude with an essay, expressing what we understand as the idea of Renaissance city, as multiple and complex as the authors and them realities.

This thesis analyses the provisions of the Town Planning Act of Nova Scotia with respect to the procedures for the enactment, amendment, and repeal of the official town plan, the enactment, amendment, variation, and repeal of the zoning by-law, the enactment of subdivision regulations, and the approval of subdivision plans, through the following hypothesis: The Town Planning Act of Nova Scotia does not require amendment if the statutory provisions for the enactment, amendment, and repeal of the official town plan, the enactment, amendment, variation, and repeal of the zoning by-law, the enactment of subdivision regulations, and the approval of subdivision plans pursuant to the subdivision regulations are to be satisfactory in terms of: 1. Systems Mainteance; 2. Community Planning; 3. Openness; 4. Efficiency; 5. Effectiveness; 6. Justice. The hypothesis is tested and proven invalid. However the test itself and the methodology for the development of the conceptual framework and the consequent hypothesis are found to be sufficiently defective to necessitate an alternative conclusion about the validity of the hypothesis, namely, "not proven". Notwithstanding the problem in establishing and testing the hypothesis, it is felt that the thesis is worthwhile inasmuch it has established a valid theoretical framework for the treatment of land use planning related issues and points to further areas of research. The conceptual framework is based upon systems theory. A conceptual framework is a means of organizing concepts and facts about a given class of phenomena in a consistent and logically satisfying manner while lacking the precision of a theory. The main sources of supporting data for the conceptual framework and the test of the hypothesis are the Town Planning Act, population and economic data about the Province of Nova Scotia, and responses to a questionnaire which was mailed to planning authorities in the Province. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Literature on public participation generally assumes the existence of a causal relationship between community participation in urban development programs and the satisfaction of beneficiaries of such programs with the outcomes of these development programs. In this study, the role played by public participation in fashioning perceptions of satisfaction or dissatisfaction of beneficiaries is investigated in the cases of two hostel redevelopment programs. The role of public participation is investigated by means of the Spectrum of Participation model of the International Association of Public Participation, a model which propagates a set of principles to be fulfilled before it may be said that beneficiaries have thoroughly participated in a program. Satisfaction or dissatisfaction of the beneficiaries is tested by means of the Hirschmann model of Voice, Exit and Loyalty, a model which hypothesizes that potential beneficiaries in a program - in order to express satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the process - may remain loyal to the program, may voice their dissatisfaction, or (as a last resort) may exit the program. After an analysis of the concept of public participation, this concept is applied-via interviews with samples of stakeholders and potential beneficiaries-to two different communities of interest: members of the Welcome Zenzile Housing Cooperative in Langa and the Ilinge LabaHlali Housing Cooperative in Nyanga, townships situated not very far from the Cape Town CBD, and occupied mostly by African communities. These two housing cooperatives participated in the national Hostel Redevelopment Program, an initiative propagated by the national Department of Human Settlements. Since these cooperatives participated in different ways during identifiable phases of the program, public participation by potential beneficiaries was researched within each phase. A comparison of research findings in the two programs points to a positive relationship between public participation and beneficiary satisfaction. Though other factors also play a role, such satisfaction could be observed in the Nyanga community where levels of participation by beneficiaries were extremely high. With the Welcome Zenzile beneficiaries, the same could not be said, inter alia, since most of the decisions associated with beneficiary interests were made by the City of Cape Town. In essence this second program was implemented by the City of Cape Town for and on behalf of the beneficiaries. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die algemeen veronderstel die literatuur oor openbare deelname dat daar ‘n kousaleverband bestaan tussen gemeenskapsdeelname aan stedelike ontwikkelingsprogramme en die tevredenheid van die begunstigdes van sodanige programme met die uitkomstes daarvan. In hierdie studie word twee hostelherontwikkelingsprogramme gebruik om die rol te ondersoek wat openbare deelname speel in die vorming van persepsies oor begunstigdes se tevredenheid of ontevredenheid. Die rol van openbare deelname word ondersoek aan die hand van die Internasionale Vereniging vir Openbare Deelname se Spektrum van Deelname-model, ‘n model wat ‘n stel beginsels voorhou waaraan voldoen moet word voordat daar gesê kan word dat begunstigdes doeltreffend aan ‘n program deelgeneem het. Die tevredenheid of ontevredenheid van die begunstigdes word getoets volgens die Hirschmann-model van ―Voice, Exit and Loyalty‖, ‘n model wat veronderstel dat moontlike begunstigdes van ‘n program – ten einde hulle tevredenheid of ontevredenheid met die proses te kan uitspreek – aan die program lojaal kan bly, hulle ontevredenheid daarmee kan betuig, of (as ‘n laaste uitweg) die program kan verlaat. Nadat daar ‘n ontleding van die konsep openbare deelname gedoen is, word die konsep toegepas – via onderhoude en steekproewe met belanghebbendes en potensiële begunstigdes – in twee verskillende belangegemeenskappe: die Welcome Zenzilebehuisingskoöperatief in Langa en die Ilinge LabaHlali-behuisingskoöperatief in Nyanga, twee townships wat nie ver van die Kaapstadse Sentrale Sakegebied geleë is nie en hoofsaaklik deur swart gemeenskappe bewoon word. Hierdie twee behuisingskoöperatiewe het aan die nasionale Hostelherontwikkelingsprogram, ‘n inisiatief wat deur die nasionale Departement van Menslike Vestiging geloods is, deelgeneem. Aangesien hierdie koöperatiewe op verskillende wyses tydens identifiseerbare fases van die program deelgeneem het, is openbare deelname deur potensiële begunstigdes in elke fase nagevors. ‘n Vergelyking van navorsingsbevindinge ten opsigte van die twee programme dui op ‘n positiewe verband tussen openbare deelname en begunstigdetevredenheid. Ofskoon ander faktore ook ‘n rol speel, kon sodanige tevredenheid in die Nyanga-gemeenskap waargeneem word, waar vlakke van deelname deur begunstigdes buitengewoon hoog was. Dieselfde kan egter nie van die Welcome Zenzile-begunstigdes gesê word nie, onder andere omdat die meeste van die besluite wat met begunstigdebelange te make het, deur die Stad Kaapstad geneem is. Op die keper beskou het die Stad Kaapstad hierdie tweede program vir en namens die begunstigdes geïmplementeer.

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning