This thesis contributes to the field of performance analysis in High Performance Computing with new concepts for in-memory event tracing. Event tracing records runtime events of an application and stores each with a precise time stamp and further relevant metrics. The high resolution and detailed information allows an in-depth analysis of the dynamic program behavior, interactions in parallel applications, and potential performance issues. For long-running and large-scale parallel applications, event-based tracing faces three challenges, yet unsolved: the number of resulting trace files limits scalability, the huge amounts of collected data overwhelm file systems and analysis capabilities, and the measurement bias, in particular, due to intermediate memory buffer flushes prevents a correct analysis. This thesis proposes concepts for an in-memory event tracing workflow. These concepts include new enhanced encoding techniques to increase memory efficiency and novel strategies for runtime event reduction to dynamically adapt trace size during runtime. An in-memory event tracing workflow based on these concepts meets all three challenges: First, it not only overcomes the scalability limitations due to the number of resulting trace files but eliminates the overhead of file system interaction altogether. Second, the enhanced encoding techniques and event reduction lead to remarkable smaller trace sizes. Finally, an in-memory event tracing workflow completely avoids intermediate memory buffer flushes, which minimizes measurement bias and allows a meaningful performance analysis. The concepts further include the Hierarchical Memory Buffer data structure, which incorporates a multi-dimensional, hierarchical ordering of events by common metrics, such as time stamp, calling context, event class, and function call duration. This hierarchical ordering allows a low-overhead event encoding, event reduction and event filtering, as well as new hierarchy-aided analysis requests. An experimental evaluation based on real-life applications and a detailed case study underline the capabilities of the concepts presented in this thesis. The new enhanced encoding techniques reduce memory allocation during runtime by a factor of 3.3 to 7.2, while at the same do not introduce any additional overhead. Furthermore, the combined concepts including the enhanced encoding techniques, event reduction, and a new filter based on function duration within the Hierarchical Memory Buffer remarkably reduce the resulting trace size up to three orders of magnitude and keep an entire measurement within a single fixed-size memory buffer, while still providing a coarse but meaningful analysis of the application. This thesis includes a discussion of the state-of-the-art and related work, a detailed presentation of the enhanced encoding techniques, the event reduction strategies, the Hierarchical Memory Buffer data structure, and a extensive experimental evaluation of all concepts.

The master thesis The usage of Global Navigation Satellite Systems in the transnational transport of dangerous goods examines the possibilities of space-based radio-navigation systems in the transport sector, specifically in the carriage of hazardous materials. The author puts an emphasis on identifying the economic and other benefits, as well as the downsides from the key users perspective, which is accomplished by means of interaction with said stakeholders. The dissertations final part aims to point to the factors decisive in the future development with regard to societal needs on both national and European Union levels.

La synthèse Fischer-Tropsch (FT) permet de convertir un mélange d'hydrogène et de monoxyde de carbone (gaz de synthèse) sélectivement en hydrocarbures avec une distribution large de longueur de chaine. Le gaz de synthèse peut être produit à partir de différentes ressources comme le gaz naturel, le charbon et la biomasse. A la lumière de la volonté de diversifier les sources d'énergies, la synthèse FT peut apporter une contribution cruciale pour la production de carburants liquides. Les catalyseurs à base de Cobalt supportés sur alumine sont utilisés pour produire des cires lourdes. L'activité et la sélectivité dépendent des propriétés structurales et texturales du catalyseur. Cette étude a pour but d'établir un lien entre les propriétés structurales des catalyseurs à base de Cobalt supportés sur alumine et des paramètres cinétiques spécifiques. Pour atteindre cet objectif, il a été mis en oeuvre une étude cinétique en régime permanent couplé à la technique « SSITKA » sur différents échantillons de Cobalt. En utilisant cette méthodologie, il a été trouvé que la conversion en CO sur 5 catalyseurs à base de Cobalt dépend uniquement du nombre de site initial sur la surface atomique de Cobalt réduit. Aucune influence de la taille de particule, de l'orientation de la phase cristalline ou du promoteur n'a pu être mis en évid ence. Les expériences SSTIKA réalisées sur une longue durée ont permis d'estimer le nombre de sites actifs dans les conditions de travail. Enfin, la modélisation cinétique a démontré que l'espèce la plus abondante sur la surface est le monoxyde de carbone adsorbé et que deux intermédiaires distincts de surface conduisent à la production de méthane et des hydrocarbures plus lourds / The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) converts a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide (syngas) selectively into hydrocarbons with a large chain length distribution. Syngas can be produce from different resources such as natural gas, coal and biomass. In the light of energy resource diversi fication, FTS can make a crucial contribution to the production of liquid fuels. Alumina supported cobalt catalysts are used to produce heavy waxes. The activity and selectivity depend on the structural and textural properties of the catalyst. This study aims at establishing a link between the structural properties of alumina supported cobalt catalysts and specific kinetic parameters. To this purpose, the steady-state and SSITKA kinetics over different cobalt samples have been carried out. By using this met hodology, it was found that the CO conversion over 5 cobalt catalysts only depends on the initial number of reduced cobalt surface atoms. No influence of the cobalt particle size, phase orientation or promotor could be identified. SSITKA experiments during long-term catalyst testing allowed estimating the number of active sites under working conditions. Further modelling showed that the most abundant surface species is adsorbed carbon monoxide and that two distinct surface intermediates lead to the production of methane and higher hydrocarbons

La nappe superficielle de la plaine d’Avignon, située entre le Rhône et la Durance, présente les caractéristiques d’une nappe péri urbaine, avec un secteur agricole étendu, mais dont la surface se réduit rapidement sous l’effet de l’extension urbaine et du développement économique. Peu profonde et proche de la surface, cette nappe est directement sous l’influence des eaux de surface. En particulier, l’eau de la Durance participe fortement à la recharge soit directement soit indirectement via les nombreux canaux d’irrigation et donc localement de manière décalée par rapport au régime hydrologique méditerranéen. L’occupation des sols, et en particulier l’urbanisation, joue donc un rôle important sur le fonctionnement hydrodynamique. En particulier le recul des terres agricoles et la diminution parallèle des volumes d’irrigation tendent à réduire la recharge de la nappe.Pour essayer d’anticiper les conséquences de cette évolution, la présente étude vise à proposer un modèle de fonctionnement hydrogéologique de la zone intégrant le rôle du sol et de son usage. Il fallait pour cela compléter les connaissances sur le fonctionnement de la nappe préciser les conditions aux limites et établir un bilan en eau au pas de temps mensuel. Ce travail repose sur une démarche multi-approches utilisant, en particulier, la complémentarité entre le suivi piézométrique et la technique du traçage naturel de l'eau (traceurs chimiques et isotopiques). Les différentes approches ont permis de localiser et de quantifier les trois principales composantes de la recharge : la Durance ou la recharge latérale, l’irrigation et la pluie ou la recharge verticale. Cette dernière est contrôlée surtout par la nature et l’usage du sol. Très clairement, la majeure partie de cette recharge se trouve dans des zones encore irriguées qui apportent un volume moyen annuel de 19 Mm3. Avec une moyenne annuelle de 135 mm, la recharge par la pluie joue un rôle secondaire. Son impact sur la nappe est visible en dehors des zones irriguées en particulier en amont de la plaine sur les versants des collines qui bordent la plaine à l’Est. Cet apport de la pluie n’est plus visible dans la partie médiane, fortement diluée par les eaux d’irrigation. Plus à l’ouest en zone urbaine, l’effet de la pluie est réduit et discontinu à cause des surfaces imperméabilisées ; il subit en outre une dilution par l’apport des eaux de la Durance. L’importance de la recharge par la Durance a été confirmée par une modélisation hydrodynamique et du transfert du signal isotopique. Elle constitue l’entrée principale du système avec un volume moyen de 70 Mm3/an. Les résultats de différents scénarios du modèle numérique valident les ordres de grandeur de différentes composantes et les caractéristiques de l’écoulement (direction, vitesse…) et montrent que dans le cas d’un abandon de l’irrigation, la baisse piézométrique serait de l’ordre de 3 m sous les périmètres irrigués. La nappe retrouverait alors les fluctuations piézométriques naturelles sous la dépendance de la pluie d’une part et de la Durance d’autre part. En fonction de son régime futur, l’alimentation par la Durance pourrait augmenter et compenser une partie de la baisse vers l’intérieur de la plaine. / The groundwater system of the alluvial plain of Avignon, located between the Rhone and the Durance rivers, is characterized by an expanded agricultural area, whose surface is rapidly shrinking due to urban sprawl and economic development. This shallow aquifer is directly under the influence of surface water. In particular, the Durance water is heavily involved in the recharge process either directly or indirectly via the numerous irrigation canals and therefore with a time shift according to the Mediterranean hydrological regime. Land use, particularly urbanization, plays an important role on the hydrodynamic occurrence. In particular, the loss of agricultural land and accordingly the reduction in irrigation volumes tend to reduce groundwater recharge. To anticipate the consequences of these developments, this study aimed at proposing a hydrogeological model of the area including the role of land use. First of all, This required a better understanding of the aquifer system, namely specify boundary conditions and establish a monthly water balance An experimental investigation was carried out using different approaches including water level monitoring and environmental tracing of water (chemical and isotopic tracers). This work enabled us locating and quantifying the three main components of recharge: Durance or lateral recharge, irrigation and rainfall or vertical recharge. This recharge proved to be controlled primarily by the soil nature and land use. Clearly, much of this recharge occur in irrigated areas which provide an average annual volume of 19 millions m3. With an annual average of 135 mm, recharge by the rainfall plays a secondary role. Its impact on the groundwater was observed out of the irrigated lands especially, on the eastern boundaries of the plain. This contribution of rainfall was no longer detected downwards, where irrigation water was getting predominant in the recharge process. In urban areas down west, the effect of rainfall drops owing to the increase of impervious surfaces and the rising of Durance influence.. The importance of the recharge from the Durance was confirmed by hydrodynamic and isotope transfer modeling. It is the main input to the system with an average volume of 70 millions m3 / year.

Für die Herstellung von immer kleiner werdenden elektronischen Bauteilen ist es notwendig, Schichten verschiedener Stoffe auf einem Substrat abzuscheiden. Dazu werden häufig Verfahren verwendet, bei denen Gase in kleine Strukturen eindringen und dort an der Oberfläche reagieren. Damit können Schichten abgeschieden werden. Bei der Gasströmung in mikroskopischen Strukturen auf einem Wafer zeigt sich ein anderes Strömungsverhalten als bei einer Gasströmung in einer makroskopischen Struktur bei Normaldruck. Dabei sind Kollisionen zwischen Gasteilchen oft vernachlässigbar, und die Kollisionen von Teilchen mit der Geometrie, in der sich das Gas befindet, überwiegen. Zur Untersuchung solcher Vorgänge ist es von Interesse, eine derartige Gasströmung und die entsprechenden Schichtabscheidungen simulieren zu können. In dieser Arbeit wurde ein Simulationsverfahren entwickelt, welches Gase im Bereich der freien Molekülströmung und deren chemische und physikalische Interaktionen an Oberflächen simulieren kann. Die Simulationen sind dabei speziell für die freie Molekülströmung optimiert und ist nicht auf viele Aspekte angewiesen, die in anderen Strömungsregimen notwendig sind. Dies geschieht mittels einer Monte-Carlo-Simulation von Teilchen, welche mittels Pfadverfolgung in einer beliebigen dreidimensionalen Geometrie simuliert werden können. Dabei kann eine große Menge an verschiedenen Wechselwirkungen von Teilchen mit den Wänden der Geometrie simuliert werden. Es erfolgten Vergleiche mit bekannten Literaturwerten, wie der Durchlasswahrscheinlichkeit eines Zylinders oder einem einzelnen ALD Schritt in einem zylinderförmigen Loch bei verschiedenen Adsorptionswahrscheinlichkeiten. Das verwendete Simulationsverfahren erlaubt eine einfache Erweiterung von Wechselwirkungen, welche an Oberflächen auftreten können. So wurde auch ein PVD Verfahren und der Einfluss eines Kollimators auf die Teilchenströmung untersucht.:Inhaltsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis Symbolverzeichnis 1 Motivation und Einführung 2 Grundlagen 2.1 Knudsenzahl 2.1.1 Strömungsregime 2.1.2 Mittlere freie Weglänge bei verschiedenen Teilchenarten 2.2 Schichtabscheidungen 2.2.1 Chemische Gasphasenabscheidung 2.2.2 Atomlagenabscheidung 2.2.3 Physikalische Gasphasenabscheidung 2.3 Chemische Reaktionen an Oberflächen 2.3.1 Adsorption an einer freien Oberfläche 2.4 Simulationsansätze 2.4.1 Direct Simulation Monte Carlo 2.4.2 Angular Coefficient Method 2.4.3 Pfadverfolgung von Teilchen 2.4.4 Finite Volumen Methoden 3 Modellentwicklung 3.1 Grundidee 3.2 Interaktionen an Wänden 3.2.1 Reflexion und Reemission von Teilchen 3.2.2 Chemische Reaktionen 3.2.3 Tabellierte Oberflächeninteraktionen 3.3 Erweiterung für Bereiche geringerer Knudsenzahlen 3.4 Implementation 3.4.1 Wandkollisionen 3.4.2 Raytracing und Unterteilung der Geometrie 3.4.3 Simulationsdefinition 3.4.4 Simulationen in 2D 4 Simulationen und Ergebnisse 4.1 Durchlasswahrscheinlichkeit eines Hohlzylinders 4.2 Durchlasswahrscheinlichkeit durch ein gekrümmtes Rohr in 2D 4.3 ALD in einem zylinderförmigen Loch 4.4 Gleichgewicht zwischen Adsorption und Desorption an einer Oberfläche 4.5 Sputterabscheidung von Kupfer in einem PVD-Reaktor 4.5.1 Simulationen in einem Vakuum 4.5.2 Simulation bei Verwendung eines Hintergrundgases 5 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 5.1 Zusammenfassung 5.2 Ausblick Literaturverzeichnis Danksagung Selbstständigkeitserklärung

This thesis deals with design of optical system for road lighting luminaire. In the beginning the basic photometric quantities and assessment methodology for requirements of lighting class M are described. The next step is the programming of algorithm which evaluates the road lighting requirements using few boundary conditions. The input of the algorithm is also luminous intensity (power emitted in a particular direction). By the turning the algorithm over, it is possible to evaluate the luminous intensity from the road lighting requirements. Those luminous intensities are used in the process of modification of optical lens. The ray tracing of modified models of lenses was performed to obtain the tables of luminous intensity. The values of luminous intensity are verified in the same algorithm. Finally, the comparison of results was made including several luminaires out there.

This thesis proposes a concept of sampling, especially for path tracing like algorithms, for faster convergence of the scene, using a local radiance approximation in the scene with hemispherical harmonics, which allows more effective way of ray casting on the given surface. In the first part, the basics of photorealistic rendering are introduced together with commonly used algorithms for image synthesis. The mathematical apparatus used in this thesis is defined in the second part of the thesis. Subsequently, existing solutions in this area are presented. The following chapter summarizes state-of-the-art methods in this branch. The rest of this thesis is focused on proposal and implementation of already mentioned extension.

<div>Comprehensive networking security is a goal to achieve for enterprise networks. In forensics, the traffic analysis, causality dependence in intricate program network flows is needed in flow-based attribution techniques. The provenance, the connection between stealthy advanced persistent threats (APTs) and the execution of loadable modules is stripped because loading a module does not guarantee an execution. The reports of common vulnerabilities and exposures (CVE) demonstrate that lots of vulnerabilities have been introduced in protocol engineering process, especially for the emerging Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. A code generation framework targeting secure protocol implementations can substantially enhance security.</div><div>A novel automaton-based technique, NetCrop, to infer fine-grained program behavior by analyzing network traffic is proposed in this thesis. Based on network flow causality, it constructs automata that describe both the network behavior and the end-host behavior of a whole program to attribute individual packets to their belonging programs and fingerprint the high-level program behavior. A novel provenance-oriented library tracing system, Lprov, which enforces library tracing on top of existing syscall logging based provenance tracking approaches is investigated. With the dynamic library call stack, the provenance of implicit library function execution is revealed and correlated to system events, facilitating the locating and defense of malicious libraries. The thesis presents ProFactory, in which a protocol is modeled, checked and securely generated, averting common vulnerabilities residing in protocol implementations.</div>

This work is about a realistic visualization technique called raytracing. It studies its original form, its extensions and optimizations. Raytracing casts rays through pixels and follows their propagation in the scene, according to the physical laws. It enables rendering of correct shadows, reflections and refractions. Distributed raytracing serves for better visualization and advanced effects. One ray is replaced with a beam of rays that allows soft shadows, fuzzy translucency, depth of field and antialiasing. With the increasing number of rays, the render time rises as well, so it is needed to use some optimization techniques and tools. A way of using this rendering method for visualization of alcoholic beverages is also described.

Masters thessis deals with the problematics of wireless signal propagation modeling inside buildings. The theoretical part of this thessis describes principles and methods of electromagnetic waves spreading in open areas and in indoor deployment. There are also described methods used for calculating the path of signal propagation ray-launching and ray-tracing. This part also includes description of an algorithm and equations used for simulating 5GHz WiFi signal propagation inside the Department of telecommunications corridors. Second part of this thessis includes a description of a NS-3 module mmWave, which was used for simulations of IEEE 802.11ad (WiGig) standard. There are also results of these simulations and their detailed description. At the end of this thessis comparison of these results with values gained by real environment measurements can be found.