Actuellement, le dépôt sec d’aérosols en milieu urbain est peu connu du fait d’un manque de données.Ces connaissances sont pourtant indispensables pour comprendre les flux de polluants dans les villes et estimer l’exposition d’habitants à des rayonnements ionisants dans le cas d’aérosols radioactifs. Un apport de données permettrait en outre d’améliorer la modélisation du dépôt dans ce milieu. Une approche expérimentale originale est employée pour étudier le dépôt sec d’aérosols submicroniques sur des surfaces urbaines. L’association d’expérimentations en soufflerie et in situ et l’utilisation de traceurs permettent de mesurer des vitesses de dépôt sec et d’étudier les différents phénomènes physiques qui régissent ce dépôt en milieu urbain. Ces données sont associées à des conditions de météorologie et de turbulence quantifiées par des mesures. Cet ensemble permet de hiérarchiser l’influence des principaux phénomènes physiques pour chaque type d’expérimentation. Notamment,des phénomènes différents doivent être considérés prépondérants dans le cas d’expositions chroniques ou aigües des surfaces urbaines aux particules atmosphériques. / Aerosol dry deposition is not much known for urban areas due to the lack of data. Knowledge on this phenomenon is necessary to understand pollutant fluxes in cities and to estimate inhabitant exposition to ionizing radiation of radioactive aerosols. A data providing could enable to enhance dry deposition models for these areas. An original experimental approach is performed to study submicron aerosol dry deposition on urban surfaces. Wind tunnel coupled to in situ experiments give results to study different physical phenomen on governing dry deposition. Dry deposition velocities are measured using aerosol tracers. These data are associated to turbulent and meteorological measured conditions. This database permits to classify the principal physical phenomenon for each experiment type. Finally, different phenomenon must be considered for chronic and acute exposition of urban surfaces to atmospheric particles.

(v anglickém jazyce) Development of tooth primordia in mice is an important model for study of odontogenesis. Several dental rudiments develop during the mouse embryogenesis. These structures develop in functional teeth in their phylogenetically older relatives. Similarly, we can initiate growth of teeth from these germs in some mutant mice. In my diploma thesis we have focused on the importance of rudimentary structures with odontogenic potential in postnatal individuals. As a model of development, we have chosen a cell population originating from rudimentary primordia MS (mesial segment) that develops in diastema of the lower jaw during the embryonic day 12.5. Using the inducible Cre-lox technology we have marked the cells which are part of the signal domain of primordia at this time. As a marker of these cells we have used gene Shh. We have found out that these cells persist prenataly and also postnatally. Further we have isolated this cell area and we have tested it using a variety of methods. We have shown that in the cells of postnatal individual are expressed markers of stem cells (Sox2, Bmi1, Gli1) and also genes for major enamel matrix structural proteins: ameloblastin and amelogenin. The same stem cell markers are also expressed in vitro culture of the isolated cells. This cell population...

The Scheimpflug principle was recommended as allowing distortion-free imaging; however, a detailed analysis reveals geometrical errors as well as distortions arising from absorption of light along the optical pathway. Correction formulas and factors will be presented and applied to the biometry of the eye. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

The thesis is concerned with the issues related to the development of the system that helps the disabled people to integrate into the labour market in the Czech Republic using the theory of social construction of target groups. The aim of this thesis is to understand the development of the form of the observed policy that arises from the expected development of social construction of the chosen target group and its political power within a given period of time. To understand the problem and putting the topic was based on thematic analysis and study of the documents presented to readers of historical and social development status of persons with disabilities in society. Monitored period from the nineties to the present, which was divided into shorter periods. In these periods, the final policy design was identified by way of the interviews with addressed experts. The experts expressed their opinions also on the development of social construction and political power of the target group, which was supported by the study of the documents. The contents of the targeted policies were observed and the benefits or burdens for the target group were distinguished within the contents. The results of the analysis showed the relationship between the development of social construction of target group and the...

Supply chains in many industries are experiencing an ever-growing complexity. They involve many actors and, similar to intra-organizational processes, visibility is an important enabler for managing supply chains in an inter-organizational setting. It is the backbone of advanced sup-ply chain (event) management solutions, which serve to detect critical incidents in time and to determine alternative actions. Due to the numerous parties involved, distributed supply chains call for a modular system architecture that aims at re-using visibility data from standardized sources. Following the wide variety of supply chain configurations in many industries there are also many options to design such services. This paper sheds light on these aspects by conduct-ing a case study on EPCIS, a global service specification for capturing and sharing visibility data. Based on three implementations, it shows the main design options for a supply chain vis-ibility service, generic operator models as well as major potentials.:1. Introduction and motivation 2. Research questions and methodology 3. Literature analysis 4. EPCIS case study 4.1. Deutsche Post DHL 4.2. ThyssenKrupp 4.3. GS1 Germany 5. Discussion and findinds 5.1.Design options 5.2. Operator models 5.3. Potentials 6. Conclusions

No description available.

The thesis presents a contribution to the analysis and visualization of computational performance based on event traces with a particular focus on parallel programs and High Performance Computing (HPC). Event traces contain detailed information about specified incidents (events) during run-time of programs and allow minute investigation of dynamic program behavior, various performance metrics, and possible causes of performance flaws. Due to long running and highly parallel programs and very fine detail resolutions, event traces can accumulate huge amounts of data which become a challenge for interactive as well as automatic analysis and visualization tools. The thesis proposes a method of exploiting redundancy in the event traces in order to reduce the memory requirements and the computational complexity of event trace analysis. The sources of redundancy are repeated segments of the original program, either through iterative or recursive algorithms or through SPMD-style parallel programs, which produce equal or similar repeated event sequences. The data reduction technique is based on the novel Complete Call Graph (CCG) data structure which allows domain specific data compression for event traces in a combination of lossless and lossy methods. All deviations due to lossy data compression can be controlled by constant bounds. The compression of the CCG data structure is incorporated in the construction process, such that at no point substantial uncompressed parts have to be stored. Experiments with real-world example traces reveal the potential for very high data compression. The results range from factors of 3 to 15 for small scale compression with minimum deviation of the data to factors > 100 for large scale compression with moderate deviation. Based on the CCG data structure, new algorithms for the most common evaluation and analysis methods for event traces are presented, which require no explicit decompression. By avoiding repeated evaluation of formerly redundant event sequences, the computational effort of the new algorithms can be reduced in the same extent as memory consumption. The thesis includes a comprehensive discussion of the state-of-the-art and related work, a detailed presentation of the design of the CCG data structure, an elaborate description of algorithms for construction, compression, and analysis of CCGs, and an extensive experimental validation of all components. / Diese Dissertation stellt einen neuartigen Ansatz für die Analyse und Visualisierung der Berechnungs-Performance vor, der auf dem Ereignis-Tracing basiert und insbesondere auf parallele Programme und das Hochleistungsrechnen (High Performance Computing, HPC) zugeschnitten ist. Ereignis-Traces (Ereignis-Spuren) enthalten detaillierte Informationen über spezifizierte Ereignisse während der Laufzeit eines Programms und erlauben eine sehr genaue Untersuchung des dynamischen Verhaltens, verschiedener Performance-Metriken und potentieller Performance-Probleme. Aufgrund lang laufender und hoch paralleler Anwendungen und dem hohen Detailgrad kann das Ereignis-Tracing sehr große Datenmengen produzieren. Diese stellen ihrerseits eine Herausforderung für interaktive und automatische Analyse- und Visualisierungswerkzeuge dar. Die vorliegende Arbeit präsentiert eine Methode, die Redundanzen in den Ereignis-Traces ausnutzt, um sowohl die Speicheranforderungen als auch die Laufzeitkomplexität der Trace-Analyse zu reduzieren. Die Ursachen für Redundanzen sind wiederholt ausgeführte Programmabschnitte, entweder durch iterative oder rekursive Algorithmen oder durch SPMD-Parallelisierung, die gleiche oder ähnliche Ereignis-Sequenzen erzeugen. Die Datenreduktion basiert auf der neuartigen Datenstruktur der "Vollständigen Aufruf-Graphen" (Complete Call Graph, CCG) und erlaubt eine Kombination von verlustfreier und verlustbehafteter Datenkompression. Dabei können konstante Grenzen für alle Abweichungen durch verlustbehaftete Kompression vorgegeben werden. Die Datenkompression ist in den Aufbau der Datenstruktur integriert, so dass keine umfangreichen unkomprimierten Teile vor der Kompression im Hauptspeicher gehalten werden müssen. Das enorme Kompressionsvermögen des neuen Ansatzes wird anhand einer Reihe von Beispielen aus realen Anwendungsszenarien nachgewiesen. Die dabei erzielten Resultate reichen von Kompressionsfaktoren von 3 bis 5 mit nur minimalen Abweichungen aufgrund der verlustbehafteten Kompression bis zu Faktoren > 100 für hochgradige Kompression. Basierend auf der CCG_Datenstruktur werden außerdem neue Auswertungs- und Analyseverfahren für Ereignis-Traces vorgestellt, die ohne explizite Dekompression auskommen. Damit kann die Laufzeitkomplexität der Analyse im selben Maß gesenkt werden wie der Hauptspeicherbedarf, indem komprimierte Ereignis-Sequenzen nicht mehrmals analysiert werden. Die vorliegende Dissertation enthält eine ausführliche Vorstellung des Stands der Technik und verwandter Arbeiten in diesem Bereich, eine detaillierte Herleitung der neu eingeführten Daten-strukturen, der Konstruktions-, Kompressions- und Analysealgorithmen sowie eine umfangreiche experimentelle Auswertung und Validierung aller Bestandteile.

“All countries are vulnerable to climate change and instability in weather patterns but the poorest countries and the poorest people within them are most vulnerable, being the most exposed and having the least means to adapt” (IMF and World Bank Development Committee, 2006). African cities, as other cities around the world, are prone to flooding within in urban areas. The increased flooding from climate change, could have seriously destabilising effects for Africa (Commission for Africa, 2005). Climate records shows that most of Africa warmed by approximately 0.7°C during the twentieth century (IPCC Working Group II, 2001). Future changes in rainfall will depend greatly on the influence of global warming. In addition, a United Nations World Water Report states that in the beginning of the twenty-first century, the Earth with its diverse and abundant life forms (including over six billion humans), is facing a serious water crisis. Water needs to be conserved in any way possible. (United Nations World Water Report, n.d.). This study aims to explore the role in which floodingin urban landscapes can be addressed, but simultaneously stored for future use. It argues that the negative element of flooding can rather be used, i.e the water could be conserved and used in the build environment, rather than inhibiting social, economic and ecological factors. The pilot project in this stage can at the same time, serve as an urban generator. An innovative solution (urban water park) is analysed and tested and serves as a possible outcome to address flooding problems within an African city (Maputo, Mozambique). Afrika, 2005). / Stede in Afrika, soos in ander in die wêreld, is onderhewe aan vloedrampe in stedelike areas. Die toenemende vloedegevalle, tesame met die impak van klimaatsverandering, kan uiterse destabilisering vir die Afrika kontinent inhou (Kommissie vir Afrika, 2005). ‘n Klimaatsrekord, bewys dat gedurende die twintigste eeu, ‘n groot deel van Afrika onderworpe was aan ‘n hittetoename van omtrent 0.7°C (IPPC Werksgroep II, 2011). Toekomstige veranderinge in reënval sal grootliks afhang van die invloed van aardsverwarming. Ter aanvoering van die argument word daar adisioneel toegevoeg dat die Verenigde Nasies se Wêreldswater Verslag die volgende aanlas: dat die aarde, met sy diverse en verskeidenheid van lewende wesens (wat oor die ses miljioen mense insluit), aan die begin van die een-en-twintigste eeu onderworpe sal wees aan ernstige watertekorte. Water moet dus in alle moontlike maniere gespaar word (Verenigde Nasies se Wêreldswater Verslag, geen datum). Die studie beoog om die rol van vloede in die verstedelike landskap te ondersoek en aan te spreek tot voordeel van die bouomgewing. Die ontwerp poog om die huidige negatiewe element van water eerder te bewaar en die gebruik daarvan te aan te moedig. Hierdeur word word die omswaai in sosiale, ekonomiese en ekologiese faktore inplekgestel. ‘n Projek sal dan terselfdertyd as verstedelike genereerder dien. ‘n Innoverende oplossing, ‘n stedelike water park, is geondersoek en getoets. Hierdie sal moontlik as die oplossing dien van die huidige vloedprobleme in hierdie Afrika stad (Maputo, Mosambiek). / Dissertation (ML(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Architecture / unrestricted

New spaces open up when you lose someone. A disappearance is the beginning of an emergence. This project is about mourning the loss of my nai nai (paternal grandmother in Mandarin) and the spaces that have opened up during the process. Through personal experience and by mapping my psychogeography of the place where I grew up with nai nai, Visättra, this project deals with the meaning of places, memories and objects. I have worked with the translation between immaterial and material things while reflecting on contemporary questions such as: attachment to places and objects, highlighting placeness that is entangled with culture, identity and politics, and situating a subjective experience in a larger narrative. What happens to the places that are attached to the memories of a person after their death? What kind of new places are born out of grief and loss? How are they manifested through different scales—from the personal to the universal and the psychological to the geographical? I have explored my questions intuitively along with theoretical frameworks followed by a process of tracing, collecting, translating and recreating carriers of memories, revealing scenes of a dichotomy between brokenness and wholeness—from then to now and from there to here.

The current TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) agreement established by the World Trade Organisation (WTO) is a major determinant of accessibility to drugs. In International Relations (IR), the discourse surrounds the role of these intellectual property rights on the global economic order. Pogge argues that the TRIPS agreement is immoral since it creates a global economic order that harms the poor mostly concentrated in the global south, whereas defenders of TRIPS argue that it is the only way to efficiently incentivise innovators whilst maintaining an open market. This thesis has fulfilled two purposes; firstly, to investigate the causal relationship between the TRIPS agreement and access to covid-19 vaccines in India and secondly, to analyse the ethical implications of the TRIPS agreement using International Political Theory (IPT). This thesis couples Pogge’s global justice theory with postcolonial theory and argues that it serves as a good framework to critique the TRIPS agreement. The methodological framework used to address the causal relationship between TRIPS and access to drugs is one of Bayesian process tracing. It was found that factors such as regulatory sabotage, production deficits and American trade law could be larger issues than TRIPS when it came to vaccine accessibility in India.