The shift from a US-centered food regime, shaped by protectionist state-governed agriculture, to a corporate food regime, focusing on establishing transnational agribusinesses, led to various changes in livestock production and trade. This essay investigates the extent to which this shift has affected the trade relations between Brazil, Sub-Saharan Africa and the EU, by<br />comparing trends in trade and production of poultry. By using statistics from trade databases Comtrade and the Market Access Database, trends in Brazilian export flows to selected countries in Sub-Saharan Africa are presented and evaluated. These trends suggest an increase in Brazilian poultry import to some countries, namely South Africa, Cameroon, Senegal and Gabon, not including the dramatic drop in 2006, possibly caused by exogenous factors, such as a global decrease in poultry demand because of outbreaks of Avian Influenza. European trade with Sub-Saharan Africa has to a  moderate degree decreased or stagnated in some countries in the region, which could be explained by a high European domestic demand and a strong euro. The agribusiness structure in Brazil suggests a strong connection to the characteristics making up the corporate food regime, and their success and expansion point toward a continued increase in poultry market shares, in turn suggesting stronger influence on the global market. Hence, the gains of trade liberalization are toned down for developing countries, seeing that trade with subsidized developed countries is being replaced with that of developing countries.<br /><br />

In 1989, the Tiananmen Square massacre shocked the world. Under the heavy pressure from Congress and the public opinion, the government of the United States, which regarded human rights as one of its most cherished values, was forced to reexamine its relations with the PRC and to pay more attention to the PRC¡¦s human rights issues. However, the Cliton administration chose to de-link the human rights issue from its consideration whether to give the PRC the MFN status. To Beijing, the human rights issue is only a tool in Washington¡¦s foreign policy. China regards human rights as its domestic affairs. It had always questioned Washington¡¦s purpose and motivation to intervene mainland China¡¦s domestic affairs. This thesis studies the factor of human rights in the U.S.-China relations. U.S. Congress used MFN as an annual check about China¡¦s human rights situation. Before 2000, U.S. Congress members had long time questioned the administration that grantee PNTR would lead to the destruction of China¡¦s motivation about human right improvement. The author intends to review the ¡§Human Right Report¡¨ in the period of Cliton¡¦s administration, trade relations, UN human right debate and bills. Besides, the progress of China¡¦s human rights situation will be evaluated in the thesis. Through the review of the human right factor in the Sino-US relations, we can find that how the strategy of human right been used by U.S. government. However, the human right issue still is one of the important factors which could affect the future Sino-US relations.

This thesis analyzes the reconciliation of industrial property rights with the principle of free movement of goods in the EU and the implications of this solution on trade relations between the EU and Turkey in the scope of the Decision No. 1/95 of the EC-Turkey Association Council. In the second chapter, patents, trademarks, industrial designs and utility models then the EU regulations and the international regulations concerning the protection of the relevant right in the EU region is examined. Although, the need for &ldquo / EU wide protection of industrial property rights&rdquo / is not covered by these regulations, there are special provisions which stipulate &ldquo / regional exhaustion&rdquo / for trademarks and industrial designs. In the EU region there are systems for granting Community Trademark and granting Community Industrial Design which are co-exist with the national systems. However there is no system for granting Community Patent or Community Utility Models and there is no special provision which determine the geographical boundary of the exhaustion of patents and utility models. Nevertheless, the principle of regional exhaustion was accepted through ECJ decisions long before the above mentioned regulations which are very recent. In the third chapter of the thesis, firstly the provisions of the Rome Treaty regarding the free movement of goods, then the process that ECJ had faced until the regional exhaustion doctrine was reached and the implementation clauses of this doctrine is examined. Implementation of this doctrine affects both the trade relations among EU Member States and the trade relations between Member States and the non-EU countries. In the fourth chapter of the thesis, the provisions of the Decision No. 1/95 which regulates the free movements of goods between Turkey and the EU are examined with the articles of national legislation concerning the exhaustion of industrial property rights in Turkey. By considering above mentioned provisions and the different views in the doctrine, the trade relation between the EU and Turkey is examined with the economical, political and legal aspects.

This graduation theses is concerned with the economic development of the economies of Latin America and the Caribbean and economic relations of the Czech republic with these latinoamerican countries, especially trade and business relatins with Chile, Argentina, Brasil and Mexico. The purpose of the gradution theses was to analyse and mutual compare the progress of trade and business relations of these four selected countries and the possibility of czech enterprises to succeed on trade market of these countries.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyse position of selected Central American countries in the world economy. Selected countries are Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. The thesis is divided into five main chapters. The first chapter provides general information about Central America. The second, third a fourth chapter characterize general and economic information, international trade, foreign direct investments and future possibilities and perspectives of selected countries. In the last part I describe socioeconomic comparison of selected countries.

The main aim of the work is to find out how Irish immigrants influenced trade relations between Ireland and USA and if their influence in this area is still visible today. Did they assist by formation of these relations or did they influence them only during recent years? Or has the situation turned and USA are the key element in these relations. How do both countries profit from these relations?

The thesis describes the development of trade relations between the Czech Republic and Russia. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the development of trade relations between the Czech Republic and the Russian Federation in the period of 1993-2011, and to assess the potential of mutual trade partnership for the future, based on the analyses performed. First chapter describes the contractual provision of trade relations between the Czech Republic and the Russian Federation. Second chapter analyzes the bilateral trade relations between the Czech Republic and the Russian Federation in quantitative terms, and provides a summary of trends in trade in goods and services. Third part is devoted to the most important state institutions within the export policy of the Czech Republic (Ministry of Industry and Trade, Czech Export Bank, EGAP, CzechTrade) and highlights the importance of these institutions in supporting czech exports to the Russian Federation. Due to the high energy dependence of the Czech Republic on import of energy resources from Russia, the last fourth chapter is devoted to the energy relations between the Czech Republic and the Russian Federation.

The 21st century is likely to be shaped by the outcome of the Sino-American conflict. This thesis delves into the role of technology in shaping the economic growth and military prowess of states, with a specific focus on the Sino-American technological conflict. The study investigates four operational variables generated by the theory of economic nationalism: import/export restrictions, national innovation policies, talent acquisition policies, and trade diversification strategies to discern the strategies employed by China and the United States in their pursuit of technological dominance. Both nations actively align their policies with the principles of economic nationalism, recognizing the strategic significance of technological advancements in securing national interests. The findings show a congruency in the approaches adopted by China and the United States across the operational variables studied. The identified patterns contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the Sino-American technological conflict and highlight the broader applicability of the economic nationalism framework. The observed congruency with economic nationalism is not an isolated phenomenon but a broader trend applicable to other geopolitical contexts. Therefore, the theory serves as a valuable instrument for examining and comprehending conflicts, extending beyond technological conflicts to other contexts. This amplifies our capacity to investigate conflicts while simultaneously validating the significance of economic nationalism as a theoretical framework. / <p>2024-01-12</p>

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Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-154).