This thesis examines the perspectives and experiences of primary Initial Teacher Education (ITE) trainee teachers, of working with Looked After Children (LAC), and the implications for training and Continuing Professional Development (CPD). The thesis is within the interpretivist paradigm, using a Grounded Theory Methodological approach. The research was carried out in one post-1992 English university, with trainee teachers on a three year undergraduate BA (Honours) Education teacher training route, and a one-year Post Graduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) route. Feedback was sought from wider organisations and professionals working directly with LAC. LAC continue to underperform academically in comparison to their peers, and for decades have been let down by systems and support, with many entering the criminal justice system at an early age. This study examines trainee teachers’ perspectives to conclude how specific training can support teachers and in turn impact on LAC. The thesis draws out four main themes from the trainees: the negative impact of previous experience on trainee values and beliefs towards LAC as they enter ITE; the positive and negative perceptions and experiences of trainees in relation to collaborative working; the negative perceptions and experiences of trainees in relation to the behaviour and learning needs of LAC; and trainees’ and mentors’ lack of knowledge in relation to LAC. The study concludes that trainees and mentors have a lack of knowledge and skills on how to support LAC in five key areas; policy and legislation, challenging negative perceptions, emotional well-being and supportive strategies, administrative knowledge, and collaborative working. A training model to support ITE and CPD is developed, gaining feedback from key organisations and professionals working with LAC.

TITLE: Primary and Secondary School trainee teachers' approaches to and experience of computer- based social networks AUTHOR: Bc. Michaela Tomková DEPARTMENT: Department of information technology and technical education SUPERVISOR: doc. RNDr. Miroslava Černochová, CSc. ABSTRACT: The diploma thesis is dealing with online social networks, its functions and possible usage in education. The purpose of diploma thesis is to analyze these particular functions and their possibilities of usage in education process and also map the situation around experience and ideas of Primary and Secondary School trainee teachers in their personal lives and also for their next profession as teachers. The objectives of the thesis were fulfilled using theoretical and empirical research methods. The theoretical methods contained study and analysis of scientific literature, articles and study of results of theme related foreign experiments. The empirical research methods subsumed questionnaire and interview. In the end there is the conclusion of the thesis evaluation and summary of the explorative research results and formulated research findings. KEYWORDS: School trainee teachers, education, online social network

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the beliefs of trainee teachers regarding generating English language learners' Willingness to Communicate (WTC), the relationship between their beliefs and practice and the influence of teaching practicum to their beliefs. This study took place in the Indonesian context in which EFL trainee teachers' belief-practice relationships regarding learners' WTC is still an understudied domain. Thus, this study was designed to fill this gap in current research. Three Indonesian EFL trainee teachers participated in this study during their teaching practicum. The study is within an Interpretive paradigm and utilizes a case study approach. Methods of data collection included classroom observation and semi-structured interviews. The findings showed that trainee teachers' learning experience significantly influenced their beliefs and governed their teaching. Some of the trainee teachers' beliefs were clearly manifested in their actual teaching (e.g. using explicit approaches particularly in teaching grammar). Other beliefs (e.g. creating interactive classroom activities) were not demonstrated. Several intrinsic factors such as trainee teachers' English proficiency level and confidence, and extrinsic factors such as large class size and students' responses were found to affect the relationship between trainee teachers' beliefs and practice. Most of their beliefs (e.g. learners' language knowledge as the key factor to communicate in English) remained unchanged after the practicum. Other beliefs, such as the need to use English and BI proportionally were not enacted in their teaching practice during the classroom observations. This study provides important implications for initial English language teacher education programmes, teacher professional development and for the field of teacher cognition and WTC.

Cette thèse décrit l’insertion professionnelle d’enseignants stagiaires du second degré ayant déjà un vécu professionnel hors système éducatif. Elle retrace les expériences, les ressentis,les activités de ces enseignants lors de leur année de stage professionnel et tente d’identifier les effets de leur vécu professionnel antérieur dans leurs façons de percevoir le travail enseignant et d’intervenir en classe.L’étude a été conduite afin de comprendre leur parcours professionnel antérieur (typique ou atypique), leur motivation, l'(ou les) élément(s) déclencheur(s) de leur bifurcation professionnelle, les difficultés rencontrées, les attentes à l’égard du système… mais aussi lors de leur première année d'entrée dans le métier d'enseignant : les professionnalités antérieures de nouveau mobilisées, leurs expectatives professionnelles, les deuils à faire, l'adéquation ou non à ce nouveau métier… et les remaniements identitaires que cette bifurcation professionnelle a provoqués pour l’intégrer.Une cohorte initialement constituée de 20 enseignants fonctionnaires stagiaires, dans l’académie de Clermont-Ferrand, a été suivie durant l’année scolaire 2011/2012. La diversité des matières enseignées, couplée à la pluralité des lieux d’enseignement contribue à la richesse des matériaux recueillis, mais aussi limite les tentatives de généralisation à partir des monographies étudiées. Le recueil des données, s’est effectué en plusieurs phases : a) des entretiens individuels ont permis de mieux comprendre la trajectoire professionnelle de l'enseignant, reconstituée d’un point de vue chronologique, conduisant à son second métier ;b) un à deux enregistrements audiovisuels de l'enseignant concerné en activité devant ses élèves ; c) un à deux entretiens d'autoconfrontation sur la base de ces enregistrements ; d) en parallèle, la tenue par chaque débutant d’un carnet de bord dans lequel il a pu exprimer son ressenti de la semaine ; e) un bilan de fin d’année établi avec chaque enseignant volontaire de l’étude comportant un retour sur les évènements saillants de son point de vue.Les principaux résultats de la thèse montrent : a) les tensions identitaires vécues par ces nouveaux enseignants ; b) l’existence de typicalités de parcours conduisant à des processus de reprofessionnalisation ; c) la présence de phénomènes d’hystérésis ou au contraire de rejets des anciennes pratiques professionnelles ; d) la convocation de gestes professionnels issus de l’ancien métier.Au final, notre recherche met l’accent sur les similitudes et les différences d’entrée dans le métier entre celle des membres de notre cohorte et celle (décrite dans la littérature) des débutants ayant suivi un cursus normal, c’est-à-dire directement issus de l’université. Ce travail peut contribuer à offrir une aide potentielle aux formateurs pour mieux comprendre les tensions et les transformations identitaires que ces « nouveaux enseignants seconde carrière » issus de l’entreprise vivent afin de mieux les aider à s’adapter à leur nouveau métier. / This thesis describes the employability of secondary school trainee teachers who already have professional experience outside of the educational system. It traces the experiences, feelings, activities of these teachers during their year of internship and tries to identify the effects of their previous professional experience on their perception of teaching methods and on their classroom work. The study was conducted in order to understand their previous career (typical or atypical), their motivation, the initiating that led to their professional bifurcation, their difficulties and expectations towards the system... but also in their first year into the teaching profession: the former professional skills once again mobilized, their professional expectations, their grieving over losses, their suitability or not to this new job... and the professional identity related challenges that this bifurcation has generated. A cohort initially comprised of 20 teachers probationers in the region of Clermont-Ferrand, was followed during the school year 2011/2012. The diversity of the subjects taught, coupled with the plurality of educational places contributes to the richness of the materials gathered, but also limits the generalization attempts from the studied monographs. The collection of data was carried out in several phases: a) individual interviews helped to understand better the professional route of the teacher, reconstructed from a chronological point of view, leading to his second job; b) one or two audiovisual recordings of the teacher interacting with his students; c) one or two self-confrontation conversations based on these recordings; d) in parallel, each beginner had to write a professional diary in which he could express his feelings during the week; e) a year-end balance sheet made by volunteering teachers of the study with their feedback on what they considered salient events. The main results of the thesis have shown: a) the identity tensions experienced by these new teachers; b) the existence of course typicalities leading to re-professionalisation process; c) the presence of hysteresis phenomena or on the contrary the rejection of former professional practices; d) the calling for professional acts inherited from their past job experience. In the end, our research focuses on the similarities and differences in entering the teaching profession between the members of our cohort and the beginners (described in the literature) who have followed a regular curriculum, that is, ie directly from the university. This work may help provide potential assistance to trainers to better understand the tensions and identity transformations that these "new second career teachers" coming from the private sector live through and help them adapt to their new profession.

The landscape of initial teacher education (ITE) in Britain is changing (BERA Inquiry, 2014). In England, trainee teachers’ routes to professional qualification are subject to assessment against Teachers’ Standards (Department for Education, 2012), which some argue enshrine the competences trainees require for professional life (Cole, 2008). Competence views of teaching are challenged elsewhere as reductive (Stanley and Stronach, 2012) and counter to the view that teaching (Hobson et al., 2008) and learning to teach (Hodgson, 2014) are complex pedagogical activities (Alexander, 2008). Some argue the competence-view of learning to teach reduces teaching to a “craft-based occupation” (Beauchamp et al., 2015), epitomized in entirely school-based training initiatives such as School Direct (National College for Teaching and Leadership, 2014a) with trainee teachers learning “on the job” (Department for Education, 2010, p23). This study aims to contribute to this debate by examining trainees’ professional development within the historical development of the teaching profession. Whilst undertaking a Post-graduate Certificate in Education (PGCE), data on seven trainee teachers’ professional development were gathered throughout three school placements using active interviewing (Holstein and Gubrium, 1998), prior to within- and cross-case analysis (Creswell, 1998). Trainees’ hand-drawn trajectories of professional development show turning points (Vygotsky, 1978) which direct analysis towards key influences on a complex intellectual process of learning about practice (Dreier, 2002), refining indications from earlier analysis using a componential model of professional development (Evans, 2011). Using Vygotsky’s method of developmental study (Vygotsky, 1978), professional development is understood as a historical process whereby practice-related concepts “take shape” (ibid.) and trainees’ learning (about practice) supports their (professional) development. A relational agency interpretation (Edwards, 2007b) emphasises the influence on trainees’ professional development of working jointly with professional colleagues on problem-resolution, contingent on trainees’ learning through tool and sign use during practice (Wertsch et al., 1993). The findings of this small study suggest that trainee teachers’ professional development is only adequately conceptualised as a complex process led by the intellectual activity of learning about practice. The implications of reframing learning to teach as a social and relational practice implies a personalised approach to teacher education which, this study finds, may support the development of responsive practitioners.

The study is concerned with the process of socialisation of teachers in the teaching profession. Drawing on socialisation theory the study sees the process of secondary socialisation in teacher preparation as building skills and enabling personal development. It was predicted that in the transition from the training institution to the first years of teaching, the degree of job satisfaction and commitment to teaching would be related to the degree of conflict experienced and that job satisfaction and commitment would be less for beginning teachers compared with that anticipated by trainees. Conflict was seen as appropriately measured by the difference between personal professional attitudes and occupational values one the one hand and the professional attitudes and occupational values perceived to be held by senior teachers on the other. Seventy-three final year trainee teachers at the Canberra College of Advanced Education and 47 beginning teachers in their first two years of teaching in Canberra primary and secondary schools, were selected as the sample. Previously validated instruments were used in a questionnaire. The findings clearly showed the existence of conflict between personal professional attitudes and occupational values and the perceived professional attitudes and occupational values of senior teachers. The difference in conflict between trainees and beginning teachers was small and tended to decrease. However, there was a marked increase in variance of conflict scores for women conpared to men. For women also, conflict was highly related to job satisfaction. Thc findings suggested that men tend to be more homogeneous in their adaptation to teaching and are more inclined to be satisfied and committed despite holding professional attitudes and occupational values which conflict with those of senior teachers. The study discusses some of the imlications of the findings for the training institution and the importance, particularly for women teachers, of coping with conflict in the teaching situation.

L’objet de notre recherche est d’étudier la dynamique subjective du parcours universitaire des enseignants en vue de la construction d’une identité professionnelle et de leur préparation à l’enseignement. Nous analysons les expériences, les représentations et les méthodes de travail des futurs professeurs de l’enseignement secondaire en milieu universitaire ainsi que la transition de l’expérience universitaire à la formation. Notre enquête porte sur un échantillon de 170étudiants (et professeurs stagiaires) préparant les concours de recrutement (CAPES, CAPEPS, Agrégation), futurs enseignants du second degré dans trois disciplines : Lettres, EPS et Sciences physiques. Nous avons utilisé pour le recueil des données un questionnaire qui nous a permis de collecter les données nécessaires (données quantitatives)puis nous avons conduit 35 entretiens complémentaires afin de collecter des données qualitatives. Nous dégageons ainsi sur la base des résultats obtenus les particularités de leurs représentations par rapport à leur discipline d’appartenance.Nous nous intéressons plus spécifiquement aux méthodes de travail des futurs enseignants selon certains concepts pédagogiques (l’efficacité des enseignants, l’évaluation des élèves, le comportement en classe et dans différents contextes, la préparation des cours, les connaissances relatives aux disciplines, les compétences pédagogiques). Il es tégalement intéressant d’examiner la question du choix du métier des enseignants candidats ainsi que d’étudier la position culturelle des nouveaux enseignants entre la culture académique-scolaire et la culture des jeunes. En outre,nous envisageons les modalités actuelles de la professionnalisation et des nouvelles contraintes du métier ainsi que les stratégies possibles en vue de la construction d’une culture professionnelle commune des enseignants du secondaire / The aim of our research is to study the subjective dynamics of teachers during their course of university study in an effort to build a professional identity and prepare themselves for teaching. We analyse the university experiences, the representations and the work methods of future secondary school teachers, as well as their transition from the university experience to professional training. Our research is carried out on a sample consisting of 170 students (and trainee teachers) who are preparing for the examinations for appointment (CAPES, CAPEPS, Agregation). It concerns future teachers in three disciplines: Literature, Physical Education and Natural Sciences. In order to collect data, we used a questionnaire that allowed us to collect quantitative data and we also conducted 35 interviews that allowed us to collect qualitative data. Consequently, from the results, we are able to identify the special particularities of the prospective teachers’ representations according to their specialty. We are particularly interested in the work methods of these prospective teachers in accordance with specific pedagogical conceptions (teacher effectiveness, student assessment, behaviour in the classroom and in different environments, lesson preparation, knowledge of subject matter, pedagogical ability). It is worth considering the question of choice of the teaching profession, as well as studying the cultural attitude of new teachers between academic culture and youth culture. Finally, we are interested in the contemporary dimensions of professionalisation, as well as in the new constraints placed on the teaching profession, and also in possible strategies for the creation of a common professional culture among secondary school teachers

PhD (English) / Department of English / See the attached abstract below