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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Incidence of intra and postoperative complications associated with transesophageal echocardiograms (TEE) in pediatric patients

Hall, Michael 08 April 2016 (has links)
The benefits of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during cardiac surgery are well documented. Intraoperative TEE accurately confirms and in many cases refines delineation of congenital heart lesions, can be used as a means for establishing an intraoperative technical surgical score, and offers a low incidence of intraoperative complications. It seemed likely that the rate of perioperative complications in children would be congruent with the current available data in adults. After Institutional Review Board approval, a retrospective chart review of patients at Boston Children's Hospital who underwent the TEE procedure between May 2012 and December 2014 was conducted. The final study sample consisted of 129 patient charts. Adverse events related to TEE were documented and defined as follows: 1) those potentially attributable to TEE and 2) those with a high likelihood of being related to TEE; defined as dysphagia, esophageal perforation, gastrointestinal bleeding, and throat discomfort/pain. Of the 129 total cases, there was only one case reporting an intraoperative adverse event with a high likelihood of being related to TEE. This incidence rate of 0.77% is consistent with the literature existing on adult and pediatric TEE safety studies. Literature on postoperative adverse events related to intraoperative TEE use in pediatric patients was limited to the incidence of dysphagia. The sample included no incidence of dysphagia and the review enumerated six postoperative adverse events (4.65%) of which had a high likelihood of being related to TEE. Three of these events were classified as major and three were classified as minor. Major postoperative events included blood draining from nasogastric/orogastric tubes and blood tinged secretions suctioned from the endotracheal tube. Minor events were patient reported as sore throat and voice hoarseness. It was concluded that TEE use is not associated with an increased risk of adverse events in pediatric patients if performed according to institutional procedure and recommendations. Intraoperative TEE offers immediate assessment of the adequacy of surgical repair and presence of residual lesions. This information can be used to generate a surgical technical performance score. The ability to detect and correct residual lesions with information provided by intraoperative TEE allows the surgeon to improve technical performance thereby reducing postoperative morbidity.
2

Transesophageal echocardiography in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery /

Palmgren, Ingrid, January 2002 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
3

Infectious endocarditis, aspects on pathogenesis, diagnosis and prognosis /

Thalme, Anders, January 2005 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
4

Cardiovascular response to hyperoxemia, hemodilution and burns : a clinical and experimental study /

Bak, Zoltán, January 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
5

Avaliação do apêndice atrial esquerdo pela ecocardiografia transtorácica com imagem harmônica após evento neurológico agudo / Left atrial appendage assessment by second harmonic transthoracic echocardiography after an acute neurologic event

Moreira, Fábio Cañellas January 2004 (has links)
Introdução: Embora a imagem com segunda harmônica esteja largamente disponível na maioria dos aparelhos de ultra-sonografia, sua acurácia para avaliar a morfologia e a função do apêndice atrial esquerdo (AAE) permanece precariamente caracterizada. Objetivos: Explorar o desempenho diagnóstico da ecocardiografia transtorácica com segunda harmônica (ETTsh) na avaliação do AAE após eventos neurológicos agudos. Métodos: Realizamos um estudo transversal em pacientes com eventos neurológicos isquêmicos agudos, encaminhados para realização de ETTsh e Ecocardiografia Transesofágica (ETE). As análises da área longitudinal máxima e do pico da velocidade de esvaziamento de fluxo do AAE foram realizadas por observadores cegos. Resultados: Foram avaliados 51 pacientes (49% femininas, 62 ± 12 anos) com eventos neurológicos isquêmicos agudos. Contraste ecocardiográfico espontâneo foi observado em 11 (22%) pacientes no AE, em 7(14%) no AAE e em 3 (6%) na aorta torácica descendente. Trombo no AAE foi identificado em apenas 2 (4%) pacientes. O mapeamento e a análise do AAE foi factível na maioria dos casos (98%), tanto para o estudo com Doppler quanto para avaliação da área do AAE. Observamos uma associação positiva e significativa entre o ETTsh e o ETE, tanto para a avaliação das velocidades máximas de esvaziamento do AAE (r=0,63; p<0,001) quanto para a área longitudinal máxima do AAE (r=0,73; p<0,001). Ademais, todos os pacientes com trombos no AAE ou contraste espontâneo (n=7) tiveram velocidade de esvaziamento inferior a 50 cm/s no mapeamento transtorácico (valor preditivo negativo de 100%). Na análise multivariada ajustada para diversos potenciais preditores transtorácicos de risco, a velocidade máxima de esvaziamento do AAE permaneceu independentemente associada com trombos no AAE ou contraste espontâneo. Conclusão: ETTsh pode fornecer informações relevantes a respeito da morfologia e dinâmica do AAE. Em particular, pacientes com velocidades altas de esvaziamento do AAE podem não necessitar de avaliação adicional com ETE. / Background. Although second harmonic imaging is widely available in most ultrasound systems, its accuracy to evaluate the left atrial appendage (LAA) morphology and function remains poorly characterized. Objectives. To explore the performance of second harmonic transthoracic echocardiography (shTTE) in the assessment of LAA after acute neurologic events. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of patients with acute ischemic neurologic events that underwent both shTTE and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Blinded off-line analysis of LAA maximal area and peak emptying velocities were performed. Results. Fifty-one consecutive patients (49% females, 62 ± 12 years) with acute ischemic neurologic events were evaluated. Spontaneous echocardiographic contrast was observed in 11(22%) patients in the LA, in 7(14%) in the LAA and in 3 (6%) in the thoracic aorta. LAA thrombus was identified in only 2(4%) patients. Scanning and analysis of the LAA was feasible in most patients (98%) both for Doppler and LAA area assessment. We observed a positive and significant association between shTTE and TEE assessment of both LAA peak emptying velocities (r=0.63, p<0.001) and LAA maximum area (r=0.73, p<0.001). In addition, all patients (n=7) with LAA thrombus or spontaneous contrast had peak emptying velocities inferior to 50 cm/s on transthoracic scanning (negative predictive value of 100%). In multivariate analysis adjusted for several potential transthoracic predictors of risk, LAA peak-emptying velocity remained independently associated with LAA thrombus or spontaneous contrast. Conclusions. shTTE can provide valuable information of LAA morphology and dynamic. In particular, patients with high peak emptying velocities might not need additional TEE imaging.
6

Avaliação do apêndice atrial esquerdo pela ecocardiografia transtorácica com imagem harmônica após evento neurológico agudo / Left atrial appendage assessment by second harmonic transthoracic echocardiography after an acute neurologic event

Moreira, Fábio Cañellas January 2004 (has links)
Introdução: Embora a imagem com segunda harmônica esteja largamente disponível na maioria dos aparelhos de ultra-sonografia, sua acurácia para avaliar a morfologia e a função do apêndice atrial esquerdo (AAE) permanece precariamente caracterizada. Objetivos: Explorar o desempenho diagnóstico da ecocardiografia transtorácica com segunda harmônica (ETTsh) na avaliação do AAE após eventos neurológicos agudos. Métodos: Realizamos um estudo transversal em pacientes com eventos neurológicos isquêmicos agudos, encaminhados para realização de ETTsh e Ecocardiografia Transesofágica (ETE). As análises da área longitudinal máxima e do pico da velocidade de esvaziamento de fluxo do AAE foram realizadas por observadores cegos. Resultados: Foram avaliados 51 pacientes (49% femininas, 62 ± 12 anos) com eventos neurológicos isquêmicos agudos. Contraste ecocardiográfico espontâneo foi observado em 11 (22%) pacientes no AE, em 7(14%) no AAE e em 3 (6%) na aorta torácica descendente. Trombo no AAE foi identificado em apenas 2 (4%) pacientes. O mapeamento e a análise do AAE foi factível na maioria dos casos (98%), tanto para o estudo com Doppler quanto para avaliação da área do AAE. Observamos uma associação positiva e significativa entre o ETTsh e o ETE, tanto para a avaliação das velocidades máximas de esvaziamento do AAE (r=0,63; p<0,001) quanto para a área longitudinal máxima do AAE (r=0,73; p<0,001). Ademais, todos os pacientes com trombos no AAE ou contraste espontâneo (n=7) tiveram velocidade de esvaziamento inferior a 50 cm/s no mapeamento transtorácico (valor preditivo negativo de 100%). Na análise multivariada ajustada para diversos potenciais preditores transtorácicos de risco, a velocidade máxima de esvaziamento do AAE permaneceu independentemente associada com trombos no AAE ou contraste espontâneo. Conclusão: ETTsh pode fornecer informações relevantes a respeito da morfologia e dinâmica do AAE. Em particular, pacientes com velocidades altas de esvaziamento do AAE podem não necessitar de avaliação adicional com ETE. / Background. Although second harmonic imaging is widely available in most ultrasound systems, its accuracy to evaluate the left atrial appendage (LAA) morphology and function remains poorly characterized. Objectives. To explore the performance of second harmonic transthoracic echocardiography (shTTE) in the assessment of LAA after acute neurologic events. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of patients with acute ischemic neurologic events that underwent both shTTE and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Blinded off-line analysis of LAA maximal area and peak emptying velocities were performed. Results. Fifty-one consecutive patients (49% females, 62 ± 12 years) with acute ischemic neurologic events were evaluated. Spontaneous echocardiographic contrast was observed in 11(22%) patients in the LA, in 7(14%) in the LAA and in 3 (6%) in the thoracic aorta. LAA thrombus was identified in only 2(4%) patients. Scanning and analysis of the LAA was feasible in most patients (98%) both for Doppler and LAA area assessment. We observed a positive and significant association between shTTE and TEE assessment of both LAA peak emptying velocities (r=0.63, p<0.001) and LAA maximum area (r=0.73, p<0.001). In addition, all patients (n=7) with LAA thrombus or spontaneous contrast had peak emptying velocities inferior to 50 cm/s on transthoracic scanning (negative predictive value of 100%). In multivariate analysis adjusted for several potential transthoracic predictors of risk, LAA peak-emptying velocity remained independently associated with LAA thrombus or spontaneous contrast. Conclusions. shTTE can provide valuable information of LAA morphology and dynamic. In particular, patients with high peak emptying velocities might not need additional TEE imaging.
7

Avaliação do apêndice atrial esquerdo pela ecocardiografia transtorácica com imagem harmônica após evento neurológico agudo / Left atrial appendage assessment by second harmonic transthoracic echocardiography after an acute neurologic event

Moreira, Fábio Cañellas January 2004 (has links)
Introdução: Embora a imagem com segunda harmônica esteja largamente disponível na maioria dos aparelhos de ultra-sonografia, sua acurácia para avaliar a morfologia e a função do apêndice atrial esquerdo (AAE) permanece precariamente caracterizada. Objetivos: Explorar o desempenho diagnóstico da ecocardiografia transtorácica com segunda harmônica (ETTsh) na avaliação do AAE após eventos neurológicos agudos. Métodos: Realizamos um estudo transversal em pacientes com eventos neurológicos isquêmicos agudos, encaminhados para realização de ETTsh e Ecocardiografia Transesofágica (ETE). As análises da área longitudinal máxima e do pico da velocidade de esvaziamento de fluxo do AAE foram realizadas por observadores cegos. Resultados: Foram avaliados 51 pacientes (49% femininas, 62 ± 12 anos) com eventos neurológicos isquêmicos agudos. Contraste ecocardiográfico espontâneo foi observado em 11 (22%) pacientes no AE, em 7(14%) no AAE e em 3 (6%) na aorta torácica descendente. Trombo no AAE foi identificado em apenas 2 (4%) pacientes. O mapeamento e a análise do AAE foi factível na maioria dos casos (98%), tanto para o estudo com Doppler quanto para avaliação da área do AAE. Observamos uma associação positiva e significativa entre o ETTsh e o ETE, tanto para a avaliação das velocidades máximas de esvaziamento do AAE (r=0,63; p<0,001) quanto para a área longitudinal máxima do AAE (r=0,73; p<0,001). Ademais, todos os pacientes com trombos no AAE ou contraste espontâneo (n=7) tiveram velocidade de esvaziamento inferior a 50 cm/s no mapeamento transtorácico (valor preditivo negativo de 100%). Na análise multivariada ajustada para diversos potenciais preditores transtorácicos de risco, a velocidade máxima de esvaziamento do AAE permaneceu independentemente associada com trombos no AAE ou contraste espontâneo. Conclusão: ETTsh pode fornecer informações relevantes a respeito da morfologia e dinâmica do AAE. Em particular, pacientes com velocidades altas de esvaziamento do AAE podem não necessitar de avaliação adicional com ETE. / Background. Although second harmonic imaging is widely available in most ultrasound systems, its accuracy to evaluate the left atrial appendage (LAA) morphology and function remains poorly characterized. Objectives. To explore the performance of second harmonic transthoracic echocardiography (shTTE) in the assessment of LAA after acute neurologic events. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of patients with acute ischemic neurologic events that underwent both shTTE and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Blinded off-line analysis of LAA maximal area and peak emptying velocities were performed. Results. Fifty-one consecutive patients (49% females, 62 ± 12 years) with acute ischemic neurologic events were evaluated. Spontaneous echocardiographic contrast was observed in 11(22%) patients in the LA, in 7(14%) in the LAA and in 3 (6%) in the thoracic aorta. LAA thrombus was identified in only 2(4%) patients. Scanning and analysis of the LAA was feasible in most patients (98%) both for Doppler and LAA area assessment. We observed a positive and significant association between shTTE and TEE assessment of both LAA peak emptying velocities (r=0.63, p<0.001) and LAA maximum area (r=0.73, p<0.001). In addition, all patients (n=7) with LAA thrombus or spontaneous contrast had peak emptying velocities inferior to 50 cm/s on transthoracic scanning (negative predictive value of 100%). In multivariate analysis adjusted for several potential transthoracic predictors of risk, LAA peak-emptying velocity remained independently associated with LAA thrombus or spontaneous contrast. Conclusions. shTTE can provide valuable information of LAA morphology and dynamic. In particular, patients with high peak emptying velocities might not need additional TEE imaging.
8

Avaliação da responsividade a fluido por meio de índices dinâmicos em cães mecanicamente ventilados e submetidos a diferentes tipos de cirurgia / Evaluation of fluid responsiveness by dynamics indices in mechanically ventilated anesthetized dogs undergoing diferente types of surgery

Gonçalves, Lucas Alaião 14 December 2018 (has links)
A prova de carga com cristaloides é uma das intervenções mais comumente realizadas diante da hipotenção trans-anestésica, contudo, nem todo animal que apresenta hipotensão é responsivo a fluidoterapia. Por esta razão, na ultima década, vários índices que avaliam a responsividade a fluido foram desenvolvidos com o intuito de otimizar o emprego da fluidoterapia no paciente hemodinamicamente instável. . O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar três diferentes índices de responsividade, quais sejam: a variação da integral velocidade-tempo (&Delta;IVT), variação da velocidade de pico do fluxo aórtico (&Delta;VFAO) e variação da pressão de pulso (VPP) no que tange a sua capacidade diagnóstica. Para tanto, foram utilizados 40 cães submetidos a anestesia inalatória associada a anestesia epidural. Em caso de detecção de pressão arterial média &lt; 65 mmHg, foi realizado uma prova de carga com cristalóde de 15 ml/kg durante 15 minutos. Volume sistólico (VS) obtido por meio da ecocardiografia transesofágica foi utilizado para definir a responsividade a fluido, sendo que os cães responsivos foram aqueles em que um aumentou no VS igual ou superior a 15% foi observado após o desafio com o cristalóide. Os dados foram avaliados pela análise da curva ROC para comparação dos testes diagnósticos, assim como a análise da curva cinzenta e também pela probabilidade pré e pós-teste. Trinta cães (75%) foram responsivos a fluidoterapia e 10 (25%) não eram responsivos. Tanto a &Delta;VFAO quanto a &Delta;IVT apresentaram boa capacidade discriminativa pela análise da Área sob a curva (0.89 e 0.93), assim como a VPP (0.88). Além disso, a análise da área cinzenta e da probabilidade pós-teste sugeriram uma melhor capacidade em diagnosticar os animais responsivos a fluido do que não-responsivos. Os valores de corte que distinguem responsivos a fluidoterapia de não-responsivos foram semelhantes aos observados na literatura. Sobe ventilação controlada e após a anestesia epidural, os índices ecocardiográficos de responsividade a fluido apresentaram boa capacidade discriminativa. / Intravenous fluid resuscitation is the first therapeutic choice used against arterial hypotension, however, not every animal with arterial hypotension is responsive to fluids. In the past decade, many indices of fluid responsiveness were introduced and plenty of studies covering many scenarios on the surgery context have been published. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of velocity-time integral variation (&Delta;TI), peak aortic velocity variation (&Delta;Vpeak) and pulse pressure variation (PPV). Forty dogs were included in this study. Whenever a mean arterial pressure &lt; 65 mmHg, a 15 ml/kg fluid challenge with crystalloids over 15 minutes was administered. Responders to fluids were defined by means of transesophageal echocardigraphy if an increase equal to or greater than 15% in stroke volume was observed after the fluid challenge. For the statistical evaluation, ROC curve analysis, gray zone approach, and pre-test, post-test probability were used to estimate the diagnostic capability of each index. Thirty (75%) dogs were responders and 10 (25%) were non-responders. Both velocity-time integral variation (&Delta;VTI) and aortic blood velocity variation (&Delta;Vpeak) showed a good diagnostic capability according to the Area under curve analysis (0.89 e 0.93), as well as PPV (0.88). Moreover, the gray zone approach and the post-test probability suggests a greater ability to detect fluid responders. The optimum cutoff value to discriminate responders from non-responders for all dynamics indices were similar to that observed in the literature. After the epidural anesthesia and under mechanical ventilation, all dynamic índices showed good diagnostic ability in predicting fluid responsiveness.
9

Prevalência de trombos intracavitários em pacientes com fibrilação atrial submetidos à anticoagulação oral: implicações quanto ao restabelecimento do ritmo sinusal / Prevalence of atrial thrombi and spontaneous contrast in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing oral anticoagulant therapy: implications for the restoration of sinus rhythm

Moraes, Luiz Roberto de 30 June 2015 (has links)
Introdução: O tromboembolismo é uma grave complicação da fibrilação atrial (FA), particularmente em pacientes que vão se submeter à cardioversão, química ou elétrica. Para reduzir esse risco, os pacientes submetem-se à anticoagulação clássica, que vem sendo praticada há várias décadas. Apesar desta abordagem, em pacientes plenamente anticoagulados, não se conhece a prevalência de trombo ou contraste espontâneo no átrio esquerdo (AE). Por essa razão, alguns autores sugerem a realização do ecotransesofágico (ECOTEE) para confirmar o sucesso do tratamento e reduzir o risco de complicações tromboembólicas após a reversão. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: a) avaliar a prevalência de trombos e contraste espontâneo ao ECOTEE em pacientes que vão ser submetidos à cardioversão sob regime de anticoagulação plena; b) avaliar a incidência de tromboembolismo até 30 dias após o procedimento; c) avaliar a influência das variáveis clínicas (doenças associadas) e do ECOTEE (tamanho e volume indexado do AE, fração de ejeção ventricular; velocidade de fluxo no apêndice atrial esquerdo), além do escore CHA2DS2VASc e níveis de pró-BNP plasmático sobre a formação de trombo/contraste espontâneo. Métodos: Foram incluídos 85 pacientes (62 homens; média de idade 61±12 anos) com FA não valvar com indicação para cardioversão. Todos receberam varfarina com controle da taxa de INR. Quando se considerava o paciente plenamente anticoagulado (INR ente 2 e 3 por três semanas consecutivas), era prescrito um fármaco antiarrítmico (propafenona, sotalol ou amiodarona) cuja escolha se baseou em critérios clínicos. Na ausência de normalização do ritmo, eram encaminhados para cardioversão elétrica (CVE). No dia da CVE, os pacientes submetiam-se ao ECOTEE cujo resultado só era conhecido no dia seguinte após a cardioversão. Os pacientes recebiam alta com anticoagulante e retornavam ao ambulatório após 30 dias quando realizavam outro ECOTEE. Resultados: Todos os pacientes foram cardiovertidos com INR na faixa terapêutica (2,9±0,7). A reversão com fármacos ocorreu em 9/85 pacientes (10,6%); 67/76 pacientes submeteram-se à CVE e, destes, 58/67 (86%) reverteram ao ritmo sinusal. O ECOTEE antes da CVE evidenciou trombo no AE em 8/85 pacientes (9,4%) e contraste espontâneo em 36/85 pacientes (42,3%). Nenhuma variável clínica, escore CHA2DS2VASc, níveis plasmáticos de pró-BNP ou variáveis ecocardiográficas identificou pacientes com maior probabilidade de apresentar trombo/contraste espontâneo no AE. Após 30 dias, houve normalização das variáveis do ECOTEE. Em 5/8 (62,5%) pacientes, os trombos desapareceram e surgiu em outros dois pacientes (2,3%). O contraste espontâneo desapareceu em 24/38 (63%) pacientes. Não houve registro de nenhum caso de tromboembolismo sistêmico em 30 dias. A taxa de recorrência de FA foi de 21%. Conclusões: a) trombo atrial/contraste espontâneo foi detectado em 9,4% da população e nenhuma variável clínica ou ecocardiográfica identificou pacientes de risco; b) houve melhora das variáveis do ECOTEE após a reversão ao ritmo sinusal; d) o sucesso global da cardioversão foi de 88% e a taxa de recorrência de FA de 21% em 30 dias; c) não houve registro de tromboembolismo sistêmico em 30 dias, em ritmo sinusal ou em FA. / Introduction: Thromboembolism is a serious complication of atrial fibrillation (AF), particularly in patients who will undergo chemical or electrical cardioversion. To reduce this risk patients receive classic anticoagulant therapy, which has been practiced for several decades. Despite this approach, it is not known the prevalence of thrombus or spontaneous contrast in the left atrium (LA) in patients fully anticoagulated. For this reason, some authors have recommended the transesophageal echocardiogram (TEECHO) to reduce the risk of thromboembolic complications after cardioversion. The objectives of this study were: a) to evaluate the prevalence of thrombus and spontaneous contrast by TEECHO in patients about to undergo cardioversion under full anticoagulation regime; b) evaluate the incidence of thromboembolism within 30 days after the procedure; c) evaluate the influence of clinical variables (associated diseases) and TEECHO parameters (LA size and LA indexed volume, ventricular ejection fraction, flow velocity in the left atrial appendage), CHA2DS2VASc score and plasma pro-BNP levels on thrombus/spontaneous contrast formation. Methods: We included 85 patients (62 men; mean age 61 ± 12 years) with non-valvular AF referred for cardioversion. All received warfarin with INR control. When considering the patient fully anticoagulated (INR in the range of 2 to 3 for three weeks) it was prescribed an anti-arrhythmic drug (propafenone, sotalol or amiodarone) whose choice was based on clinical criteria. In the absence of normal rhythm, patients were referred for electrical cardioversion (ECV). On the day of ECV, all patients were submitted to the ECOTEE whose result was known only the next day after cardioversion. The patients were discharged with anticoagulant and returned to the clinic after 30 days when another ECOTEE was performed. Results: All patients were cardioverted with INR in the therapeutic range (2.9±0.7). Sinus rhythm was restored with drugs in 9/85 patients (10.6%); 67/76 patients underwent ECV and 58/67 (86%) reverted to sinus rhythm. The TEECHO before cardioversion showed a thrombus in LA in 8/85 patients (9.4%) and spontaneous contrast in 36/85 patients (42.3%). No clinical variable, CHA2DS2VASc score, pro-BNP plasma levels or echocardiography variables identified patients with an increased likelihood of thrombus/spontaneous contrast in LA. After 30 days, there was normalization of TEECHO variables. In 5/8 (62.5%) patients thrombi disappeared and appeared in two patients (2.3%). Spontaneous contrast disappeared in 24/38 (63%) patients. There were no reports of any case of systemic thromboembolism in 30 days. The AF recurrence rate was 21%. Conclusions: a) LA thrombus/ spontaneous contrast were detected in 9.4% of the population and no clinical or echocardiography variable identified patients at risk; b) there was an improvement of TEECHO variables after reversion to sinus rhythm; d) the overall success of cardioversion was 88% and the AF recurrence rate was 21% in 30 days; c) there was no systemic thromboembolism in 30 days, in patients in sinus rhythm or AF.
10

Cardiovascular response to hyperoxemia, hemodilution and burns : a clinical and experimental study

Bak, Zoltan January 2007 (has links)
The last decades less invasive monitoring and analytical tools have been developed for the evaluation of myocardial mechanics in clinical praxis. In critical care, these are longed-for complements to pulmonary artery catheter monitoring, additionally offering previously inaccessible information. This work is aimed, during fluid-replacement and oxygen therapy, to determine the physiological interface of ventricular and vascular mechanical properties, which result in the transfer of blood from the heart to appropriate circulatory beds. In prospective clinical studies we investigated previously cardiovascular healthy adults during hyperoxemia, and during preoperative acute normovolemic hemodilution or early fluid resuscitation of severe burn victims. Echocardiography was used in all studies, transthoracic for healthy volunteers and transesophageal for patients. For vascular parameters and for control purposes pulmonary artery Swan-Ganz catheter, calibrated external pulse recordings, whole body impedance cardiography, and transpulmonel thermodilution method were applied. We detected no significant change in blood pressure or heart rate, the two most often used parameters for patient monitoring. During preoperative acute normovolemic hemodilution a reduction of hemoglobin to 80 g/l did not compromise systolic or diastolic myocardial function. Cardiac volumes and flow increased with a concomitant fall in systemic vascular resistance while oxygen delivery seemed maintained. Supplemental oxygen therapy resulted in a linear dose-response between arterial oxygen and cardiovascular parameters, suggesting a direct vascular effect. Cardiac flow decreased and vascular resistance increased from hyperoxemia, and a decrease of venous return implied extracardial blood-pooling. Severe burns result in hypovolemic shock if not properly treated. The commonly used Parkland fluid replacement strategy, with urinary output and mean arterial pressure as endpoints, has recently been questioned. Applying this strategy, only transient early central hypovolemia was recorded, while dimensional preload, global left ventricular systolic function and oxygen delivery or consumption remained within normal ranges during the first 36 hours after accident. Signs of restrictive left ventricular diastolic function were detected in all patients and regional unstable systolic dysfunction was recognized in every other patient, and was consistent with myocardial marker leakage. Severe burns thereby cause myocardial stiffness and systolic regional dysfunction, which may not be prevented only by central normovolemia and adequate oxygenation. / On the day of the defence date the status of article II was: In Press.

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