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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Techniques de contrôle de la réflexion d’une onde plane à l’aide de l’optique de transformation et la modulation d’impédance de surface - application à l’aplatissement du réflecteur rétro-directif / Reflection control techniques of a plane wave using transformation optics and surface impedance modulation - Application to the flattening of the retro-directive reflector

Haddad, Hassan 27 November 2018 (has links)
Ces dernières années, un intérêt croissant est porté aux réflecteurs rétro-directifs aplatis dans le but de remplacer le réflecteur diédrique conventionnel, trop encombrant pour de nombreuses applications. Dans un premier temps, cette thèse étudie deux techniques différentes permettant de réduire l’épaisseur d’un réflecteur diédrique. L’Optique de transformation modifie la constitution matérielle de son volume intérieur alors que la modulation d’impédance de surface introduit une distribution d’impédance à sa surface. On examine également la possibilité de combiner ces deux techniques pour tirer le meilleur parti de chacune d’elle. La deuxième partie de cette thèse étudie l’origine des réflexions parasites pour les panneaux utilisant la modulation d’impédance de surface et propose de nouvelles règles de conception pour atténuer leurs niveaux. Finalement, une mise en oeuvre pratique est proposée pour une modulation d'impédance de surface généralisée qui utilise des impédances complexes et surpasse les performances de la modulation d’impédance classique. / In recent years, increasing interest incompact reflectors with retrodirective response is perceived since the conventional dihedral reflector is too bulky to be integrated within most applications. First, this thesis investigates two different techniques that might lead to lower profiles of the dihedral reflector. It explores the use of Transformation Optics that modifies the filling volume of such a device and Surface Impedance Modulation that introduces an impedance distribution over its surface. It also inspects the possibility of combining those two techniques to take benefit of their complementary advantages. The second part of this thesis investigates the source of parasitic lobes for surface impedance modulated panels and proposes new design rules to mitigate their levels. Finally, it also proposes a practical implementation for a specific setting of the generalized surface impedance modulation that makes use of complex impedances and outperforms a panel implementing the classical modulation.
12

Novel Metamaterial Blueprints and Elements for Electromagnetic Applications

Odabasi, Hayrettin 08 August 2013 (has links)
No description available.
13

Surprises in theoretical Casimir physics : quantum forces in inhomogeneous media

Simpson, William M. R. January 2014 (has links)
This thesis considers the problem of determining Casimir-Lifshitz forces in inhomogeneous media. The ground-state energy of the electromagnetic field in a piston-geometry is discussed. When the cavity is empty, the Casimir pressure on the piston is finite and independent of the small-scale physics of the media that compose the mirrors. However, it is demonstrated that, when the cavity is filled with an inhomogeneous dielectric medium, the Casimir energy is cut-off dependent. The local behavior of the stress tensor commonly used in calculations of Casimir forces is also determined. It is shown that the usual expression for the stress tensor is not finite anywhere within such a medium, whatever the temporal dispersion or index profile, and that this divergence is unlikely to be removed by modifying the regularisation. These findings suggest that the value of the Casimir pressure may be inextricably dependent on the detailed behavior of the mirror and the medium at large wave vectors. This thesis also examines two exceptions to this rule: first, the case of an idealised metamaterial is considered which, when introduced into a cavity, reduces the magnitude of the Casimir force. It is shown that, although the medium is inhomogeneous, it does not contribute additional scattering events but simply modifies the effective length of the cavity, so the predicted force is finite and can be stated exactly. Secondly, a geometric argument is presented for determining a Casimir stress in a spherical mirror filled with the inhomogeneous medium of Maxwell's fish-eye. This solution questions the idea that the Casimir force of a spherical mirror is repulsive, but prompts additional questions concerning regularisation and the role of non-local effects in determining Casimir forces.
14

Illusions thermiques basées sur les métamatériaux et les métasurfaces : conduction et rayonnement / Thermal illusions based on metamaterials and metasurfaces : heat conduction and thermal radiation

Alwakil, Ahmed Diaaeldin 27 June 2018 (has links)
Les techniques de camouflage, mimétisme ou invisibilité ont récemment connu une forte émergence, qui se poursuit aujourd’hui avec l’apparition des méta-surfaces. C’est dans ce contexte que ce travail de doctorat a été réalisé, notamment avec un premier objectif d’étendre ces outils et concepts aux problèmes inverses du domaine de la diffusion de la chaleur. La suite du travail a concerné le rayonnement thermique, les méta-surfaces et les transformations de champ. Après avoir étendu les techniques de mimétisme au domaine de la conduction, nous avons résolu le problème inverse associé, qui consiste à camoufler des objets imposés en forme ou conductivité. Ce premier travail a permis de mettre en évidence les classes de transformation qui laissent invariantes les paramètres physiques, conférant ainsi plus de pragmatisme au domaine du mimétisme. Nous avons ensuite considéré le cas du rayonnement thermique, et démontré pour la première fois que les illusions par rayonnement étaient envisageables, en appui sur l’invariance du théorème de fluctuation/dissipation. Dans une deuxième étape, nous avons mis au point une nouvelle méthode pour calculer le rayonnement thermique par des objets de forme arbitraire, mettant en jeu des méta-surfaces inhomogènes, anisotropes, chirales et non locales. Nous montrons également comment tirer profit des méta-surfaces pour remplacer les capes volumiques tout en conservant la fonction de camouflage. Cette technique est particulièrement prometteuse pour les applications, même si elle reste intrinsèquement liée à l’éclairement. Des techniques similaires sont développées pour que soit facilité l’utilisation de transformations discontinues de l’espace. / Mimetism, camouflage or invisibility have motivated numerous efforts in the last decade, which are now extended with metasurfaces. This PhD work fits this international context and was first focused on inverse problems in heat conduction before we address thermal radiation and metasurfaces, field transformation. After we generalize the mimetism techniques to heat diffusion, we solved the associated inverse problem which consists of the camouflage of given objects, that is, objects with shape or conductivity that are before hand chosen. The results allowed us to emphasize the class of transformations which hold the physical parameters, hence giving more pragmatism to the field of mimetism. Then we addressed the case of thermal radiation and proved for the first time that mimetism effects could also be controlled in this field, on the basis of the fluctuation/dissipation theorem. In a second step, we built an original technique able to predict the thermal radiation from objects of arbitrary shapes. This technique involves inhomogeneous, anisotropic, chiral and nonlocal metasurfaces. We also show how to take more benefits of metasurfaces in order to replace the bulk mimetism cloaks. We believe this technique to give again more push forward to the field, though the mimetism efficiency now relies on the illumination conditions. Similar techniques are further developed to allow a practical use of discontinuous space transformations. Eventually, field transformation is introduced to complete all these results.
15

Electromagnetic Particle-in-Cell Algorithms on Unstructured Meshes for Kinetic Plasma Simulations

Na, Dong-Yeop, NA January 2018 (has links)
No description available.
16

Designing Optical Metastructures for IR Sensing, Discernment and Signature Reduction

James Lawrence Stewart (10701084) 27 April 2021 (has links)
<div>Increasing flexibility of light manipulation is vital for various domains including both biomedical and military applications, where a lack of photon control could become critical. The efforts conducted and projected within this proposal are focused on three major areas: semi-continuous planar thin film photomodification for infrared (IR) filtering, nanosphere core-shell structures for obscurance, and all-dielectric sub-wavelength focal lenses for advanced IR sensing.Through a collaborative effort with the Army Research Office, we advanced the tunability of planar plasmonic filters with cutoff wavelengths in the 10–16μm range with photomodification using a 10.6μm CO2laser. Surface-enhanced molecular absorption in concert with three-dimensional (3D) Au nano-structures with inherent broad absorption in the IR band was a novel approach utilized to create such planar filters.Expanding on these, efforts and the results of the 2-dimensional (2D) semicontinuous Au plasmonic planar filtering, we further advanced our research with 3D Au nano-coreshell structures to enable levitated long-wavelength pass filter obscurants. We exploited the radiative effects of Au nano-structures that mimic conventional apertures or antennas, though these structures are on the nanometer scale and demonstrated the filtering characteristics through flow cell.In parallel with our plasmonic filtering we designed, manufactured and tested low loss dielectric microlenses for IR radiation based on a dielectric metasurface layer by patterning a SI substrate and etching to sub-micron depths. For a proof-of-concept lens demonstration,we chose a fine patterned array of nano-pillars with variable diameters.Merging our plasmonic filtering and dielectric microlens efforts, we created a holographic lenslet by designing and simulating a low loss focusing metasurface lens with engineered nano-scaled features to converge off-axis IR radiation. An array of nano-pillars with varied diameter and fixed height and periodicity was chosen for ease of fabrication with single layer etching</div>
17

Novel Applications of Optical Diffraction Tomography: On-chip Microscopy and Detection of Invisibility Cloaks

Díaz Fernández, Francisco Javier 21 January 2022 (has links)
[ES] La tomografía por difracción surge para mejorar las técnicas de imagen al considerar la naturaleza ondulatoria de la luz. Mientras que los primeros sistemas de imagen médica se basaban únicamente en fuentes sin difracción, este enfoque consigue mejorar la reconstrucción del índice de refracción de los objetos, lo que permite, por ejemplo, el estudio de estructuras subcelulares. Del mismo modo, la demanda de redes de telecomunicaciones cada vez más rápidas y seguras ha propiciado la aparición de la fotónica. Hace dos décadas, la combinación de estos dos campos dio lugar a los primeros sistemas de tomografía por difracción óptica (ODT), los cuáles han evolucionado rápidamente durante este siglo. En esta tesis, presentamos dos nuevas aplicaciones de la ODT. La primera está relacionada con el concepto del microscopio tomográfico de fase (TPM), una versión de la ODT que permite el estudio de células aisladas, con muchas aplicaciones biomédicas, como el diagnóstico y la prognosis del cáncer. Sin embargo, los sistemas TPM actuales son caros, pesados y complejos. Para resolver estos problemas, proponemos el concepto de TPM en chip. Con este fin, diseñamos una hoja de ruta hacia el primer dispositivo tomográfico integrado en el marco de la tecnología lab-on-a-chip (LoC), y desarrollamos los primeros pasos para ello: 1) Hasta ahora, sólo se han utilizado detectores planos para obtener los mapas de índice de refracción de los objetos estudiados en TPM, basados en la detección del campo difractado hacia delante. Sin embargo, los principios físicos fundamentales indican que medir también el campo difractado hacia detrás debería mejorar la resolución de las imágenes. Además, un detector plano no es la configuración óptima para el TPM en chip. En esta línea, hemos explorado la posibilidad de usar detectores circulares en este escenario, como una técnica más adecuada para las configuraciones en chip, demostrando al mismo tiempo que este enfoque proporciona una mejor resolución que el lineal. 2) Proponemos un esquema de TPM en chip basado en el uso de nanoantenas dieléctricas como fuente de luz y píxeles detectores ODT, y caracterizamos experimentalmente su comportamiento mediante microscopía óptica de campo cercano. En cuanto a la segunda aplicación, estudiamos el potencial de la ODT como nuevo paradigma en la detección de capas de invisibilidad realistas, una de las aplicaciones más importantes de los metamateriales. Hasta ahora, el scattering cross section (SCS) se ha utilizado como modelo de referencia para diseñar y observar la eficacia de estos dispositivos para ocultar objetos. En nuestro estudio, demostramos que la ODT puede detectar las capas de invisibilidad prácticas con una sensibilidad superior a la que ofrece el SCS, incluso a las frecuencias de trabajo óptimas. Además, es posible obtener una imagen representativa del tamaño y la forma de la capa, revelando claramente su existencia. Finalmente, se discuten las conclusiones extraídas de los resultados obtenidos. Además, se detallan las futuras líneas de trabajo para abordar los retos que no se han completado en esta tesis doctoral. / [CA] La tomografia per difracció sorgeix per millorar les tècniques d'imatge anteriors en considerar la naturalesa ondulatòria de la llum. Mentre que els primers sistemes d'imatge mèdica es basaven únicament en fonts sense difracció, aquest enfocament aconsegueix millorar la reconstrucció de l'índex de refracció dels objectes, la qual cosa permet, per exemple, l'estudi d'estructures subcelulars. De la mateixa manera, la demanda de xarxes de telecomunicacions cada vegada més ràpides i segures ha propiciat l'aparició de la fotònica. Fa dues dècades, la combinació d'aquests dos camps va portar als primers sistemes de tomografia per difracció òptica (ODT), els quals han evolucionat ràpidament durant aquest segle. En aquesta tesi, presentem dues noves aplicacions de la ODT. La primera està relacionada amb el concepte del microscopi tomogràfic de fase (TPM), una versió de la ODT que permet l'estudi de cèl·lules aïllades, amb moltes aplicacions en biomedicina, com el diagnòstic i prognosi del càncer. No obstant això, els sistemes TPM actuals són cars, pesats i complexos. Per resoldre aquests problemes, proposem el concepte de TPM en xip. Per fer-ho, dissenyem un full de ruta cap al primer dispositiu tomogràfic integrat en el marc de la tecnologia lab-on-a-chip (LoC), i desenvolupem els primers passos a aquest efecte: 1) Fins ara, només s'han utilitzat detectors plans per a obtindre els mapes d'índex de refracció dels objectes estudiats en TPM, basats en la detecció del camp difractat cap avant. No obstant això, els principis físics fonamentals indiquen que mesurar també el camp difractat cap endarrere hauria de millorar la resolució de les imatges. A més, un detector pla no és la configuració òptima per al TPM en xip. En aquesta línia, hem explorat la possibilitat d'usar detectors circulars en aquest escenari, com una tècnica més adequada per a les configuracions en xip, demostrant al mateix temps que aquest enfocament proporciona una millor resolució que el lineal. 2) Proposem un esquema de TPM en xip basat en l'ús de nanoantenes dielèctriques com a font de llum i píxels detectors ODT, i caracteritzem experimentalment el seu comportament en camp pròxim mitjançant microscòpia òptica de camp pròxim. Pel que fa a la segona aplicació, estudiem el potencial de la ODT com a nou paradigma en la detecció de capes d'invisibilitat realistes, una de les aplicacions més importants dels metamaterials. Fins ara, el scattering cross section (SCS) s'ha utilitzat com a model de referència per a dissenyar i observar l'eficàcia d'aquests dispositius per a ocultar objectes. En el nostre estudi, vam demostrar que la ODT pot detectar les capes d'invisibilitat pràctiques amb una sensibilitat superior a la que ofereix el SCS, fins i tot a les freqüències de treball òptimes. A més, és possible obtindre una imatge representativa de la grandària i la forma de la capa, revelant clarament la seua existència. Finalment, es discuteixen les conclusions extretes dels resultats obtinguts i es detallen les futures línies de treball per a abordar els reptes que no s'han completat en aquesta tesi doctoral. / [EN] Diffraction Tomography arises to improve previous imaging techniques by considering the wave nature of light. Whereas the first medical imaging systems relied only on non-diffracting sources, this approach results in an enhanced reconstruction of the object's refractive index distribution, allowing, for example, the study of subcellular structures. Likewise, the demand for increasingly faster and secure telecommunication networks led to the advent of photonics. Two decades ago, the combination of these two fields gave rise to the first optical diffraction tomography (ODT) systems, which have rapidly evolved during this century. In this thesis, we present two novel applications of ODT. The first one is related to the concept of tomographic phase microscopy (TPM), a version of ODT that enables the study of isolated cells, with many applications in biomedicine, such as the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Nevertheless, current TPM systems are expensive, heavy, and cumbersome. To solve these issues we propose the concept of on-chip TPM. For this purpose, we design a roadmap towards the first integrated tomographic device in the frame of lab-on-a-chip (LoC) technology and develop the first steps to this end: 1) Until now, only flat detectors have been used to obtain the refractive index maps of the objects studied in TPM, based on the detection of the forward scattering. However, fundamental physical principles indicate that measuring also the backscattered field should improve the resolution of the images. Moreover, a flat detector is not the optimal configuration for on-chip TPM. In this vein, we have explored the possibility of using circular detectors in this scenario as a more suitable technique for on-chip configurations, demonstrating at the same time that this approach provides a better resolution than the linear one. 2) We propose a TPM on-chip scheme based on the use of dielectric nanoantennas as the ODT light source and detector pixels, and experimentally characterize their near-field behavior via scanning near-field optical microscopy. As for the second application, we study the potential of ODT as a new paradigm in the detection of realistic invisibility cloaks, one of the most important applications of metamaterials. Up to now, the scattering cross section (SCS) has been used as the gold standard to design and observe the effectiveness of these devices in hiding objects. In our study, we show that ODT can detect practical invisibility cloaks with a higher sensitivity than that offered by the SCS, even at the optimal working frequencies. Moreover, it is possible to obtain an image depicting the size and shape of the cloak, clearly revealing their existence. Finally, the conclusions drawn from the obtained results are discussed. In addition, future lines of action to address the challenges that have not been completed in this doctoral thesis are detailed. / Díaz Fernández, FJ. (2021). Novel Applications of Optical Diffraction Tomography: On-chip Microscopy and Detection of Invisibility Cloaks [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/180125 / TESIS

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