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The research is aimed to define and investigate the peculiarities of lexical translation transformations in the novel "The Devil Wears Prada" and its Lithuanian translation. In the practical part of the work theoretical material on translation theory and translation varieties is presented. Furthermore, three approaches towards the types of equivalence are presented and translation transformations or shifts are reviewed and three approaches towards them are introduced. Also, the classification of lexical translation transformations the empirical part of the present research is based on is presented. Four translation transformations are analysed in the practical part of the work, namely, concretization, generalization, antonymic translation and compensation. Also, some of the selected examples of lexical translation transformations from Lauren Weisberger’s novel "The Devil Wears Prada" and its Lithuanian translation are presented and analysed. / Šio darbo tikslas - apibrėžti ir ištirti lekzinių vertimo transformacijų ypatybes romane "The Devil Wears Prada" ir jo lietuviškame vertime. Praktinėje darbo dalyje pristatoma teorinė medžiaga susijusi su vertimo teorija ir vertimo rūšimis. Pateikiami trys požiūriai į ekvivalentiškumo tipus taip pat apžvelgiamos vertimo transformacijos ir pateikiami trys požiūriai apžvelgiantys vertimo transformacijas. Taip pat pristatoma leksinių vertimo transformacijų klasifikacija, kuria remiamasi praktinėje darbo dalyje. Analizuojamos keturios vertimo transformacijos, būtent konkretizacija, generalizacija, antoniminis vertimas ir kompensacija. Taip pat pateikiami ir analizuojami Lauren Weisberger romane "The Devil Wears Prada" ir jo lietuviškame vertime rasti ir surinkti leksinių vertimo transformacijų pavyzdžiai.

Crystallographic texture and its evolution are known to be major sources of anisotropy in polycrystalline metals. Highly simplified phenomenological models cannot usually provide reliable predictions of the materials anisotropy under complex deformation paths, and lack the fidelity needed to optimize the microstructure and mechanical properties during the production process. On the other hand, physics-based models such as crystal plasticity theories have demonstrated remarkable success in predicting the anisotropic mechanical response in polycrystalline metals and the evolution of underlying texture in finite plastic deformation. However, the integration of crystal plasticity models with finite element (FE) simulations tools (called CPFEM) is extremely computationally expensive, and has not been adopted broadly by the advanced materials development community. The current dissertation has mainly focused on addressing the challenges associated with integrating the recently developed spectral database approach with a commercial FE tool to permit computationally efficient simulations of heterogeneous deformations using crystal plasticity theories. More specifically, the spectral database approach to crystal plasticity solutions was successfully integrated with the implicit version of the FE package ABAQUS through a user materials subroutine, UMAT, to conduct more efficient CPFEM simulations on both fcc and bcc polycrystalline materials. It is observed that implementing the crystal plasticity spectral database in a FE code produced excellent predictions similar to the classical CPFEM, but at a significantly faster computational speed. Furthermore, an important application of the CPFEM for the extraction of crystal level plasticity parameters in multiphase materials has been demonstrated in this dissertation. More specifically, CPFEM along with a recently developed data analysis approach for spherical nanoindentation and Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM) have been used to extract the critical resolved shear stress of the ferrite phase in dual phase steels. This new methodology offers a novel efficient tool for the extraction of crystal level hardening parameters in any single or multiphase materials.

Two numerical models have been developed to describe the volumetric changes during solidification in pure metals and alloys and to predict shrinkage defects in the castings of general three-dimensional configuration. The first model is based on the full system of the Continuity, Navier-Stokes and Enthalpy Equations. Volumetric changes are described by introducing a source term in the Continuity Equation which is a function of the rate of local phase transformation. The model is capable of simulating both volumetric shrinkage and expansion. The second simplified shrinkage model involves the solution of only the Enthalpy Equation. Simplifying assumptions that the feeding flow is governed only by gravity and solidification rate and that phase transformation proceeds only from liquid to solid allowed the fluid flow equations to be excluded from consideration. The numerical implementation of both models is based on an existing proprietary general purpose CFD code, FLOW-3D, which already contains a numerical algorithm for incompressible fluid flow with heat transfer and phase transformation. An important part of the code is. the Volume Of Fluid (VOF) algorithm for tracking multiple free surfaces. The VOF function is employed in both shrinkage models to describe shrinkage cavity formation. Several modifications to FLOW-3D have been made to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the metal/mould heat transfer and solidification algorithms. As part of the development of the upwind differencing advection algorithm used in the simulations, the Leith's method is incorporated into the public domain twodimensional SOLA code. It is shown that the resulting scheme is unconditionally stable despite being explicit.

Plusieurs familles de fonctions spéciales de plusieurs variables, appelées fonctions d'orbites, sont définies dans le contexte des groupes de Weyl de groupes de Lie simples compacts/d'algèbres de Lie simples. Ces fonctions sont étudiées depuis près d'un siècle en raison de leur lien avec les caractères des représentations irréductibles des algèbres de Lie simples, mais également de par leurs symétries et orthogonalités. Nous sommes principalement intéressés par la description des relations d'orthogonalité discrète et des transformations discrètes correspondantes, transformations qui permettent l'utilisation des fonctions d'orbites dans le traitement de données multidimensionnelles. Cette description est donnée pour les groupes de Weyl dont les racines ont deux longueurs différentes, en particulier pour les groupes de rang $2$ dans le cas des fonctions d'orbites du type $E$ et pour les groupes de rang $3$ dans le cas de toutes les autres fonctions d'orbites. / Several families of multivariable special functions, called orbit functions, are defined in the context of Weyl groups of compact simple Lie groups/Lie algebras. These functions have been studied for almost a century now because of their relation to characters of irreducible representations of Lie algebras, their symmetries and orthogonalities. Our main interest is the description of discrete orthogonality relations and their corresponding discrete transforms which allow the applications of orbit functions in the processing of multidimensional data. This description is provided for the Weyl group of different lengths of root, in particular groups of rank 2 for so-called $E-$orbit functions and of rank 3 for all the other families of special functions.

Ce travail concerne l’étude de l’effet des impuretés sur les phénomènes physico-chimiques apparaissant durant le frittage des kaolins entre 900 et 1600 °C et les propriétés physiques qui en découlent. Le kaolin est utilisé dans le domaine des céramiques : céramique traditionnelle, porcelaine, céramiques réfractaires (mullite, chamotte), porcelaines électrotechniques, etc… Il est d’usage de contrôler la teneur et la nature des impuretés car leur présence peut limiter leurs applications.Sept kaolins ont été choisis pour les impuretés qu’ils contiennent à savoir ;• Feldspaths, quartz et oxydes de fer pour les kaolins de Tamazert (Algérie)• Matières organiques et oxyde de manganèse pour les kaolins de Djebel Debbagh (Algérie).• Matières organiques, oxydes de fer, gibbsite et anatase pour les kaolins des Charentes (France). La kaolinite ou l'halloysite, de même composition, est le minéral majeur dans chaque cas. L'ensemble des matériaux a été réduit par broyage à la taille de 63 μm. Le premier volet de l’étude consiste en une caractérisation physico-chimique des différents kaolins pour identifier et quantifier les principaux minéraux qui les composent. Le second volet concerne la compréhension des transformations thermiques qui se produisent lors du processus de deshydroxylation de la kaolinite (metakaolin) et lors de la formation de la mullite et de la cristobalite à de hautes températures (1600 °C). La microstructure, le retrait, la densification, la porosité sont les principaux paramètres étudiés dans ce volet.Le troisième volet porte sur les propriétés des kaolins lors du frittage à savoir : Les propriétés colorimétriques, mécaniques et diélectriques. L’effet des impuretés ainsi que la microstructure lors du frittage sur ces propriétés (colorimétrique, mécaniques et diélectriques) sont largement développés. Lors du frittage des différents kaolins la taille des cristallites de mullite augmente avec la température. Ces cristallites incorporent les impuretés colorantes tels que Fe2+/Fe3+, Ti4+/Ti2+ et Mn4+/Mn2+ (selon la température), ce qui résulte dans l’augmentation de la chromaticité et la diminution de la clarté à partir de 1100 °C. La transformation de la phase anatase à la phase rutile diminue le paramètre de clarté des kaolins des charentes. La présence de cristobalite dans le cas du kaolin de Djebel Debbagh riche en manganèse participe à l’augmentation de sa clarté au delà de 1400 °C. La présence de feldspath dans les kaolins de Tamazert améliore leurs propriétés diélectriques grâce à la formation de la phase vitreuse. Lors de l’augmentation de la température à1300 °C, ces propriétés augmentent, elles diminuent avec l’augmentation des fréquences (107-109Hz). Les pertes diélectriques sont plus importantes par rapport à celles rencontrées dans les matériaux céramiques (Porcelaines) utilisés dans les diélectriques qui sont en générale <10-3. Une dernière partie est consacrée à l’application d'un kaolin naturellement riche en anatase dans le domaine des porcelaines diélectriques. L’identification et la quantification des phases formées durant le frittage à 1300 °C , la porosité, la microstructure (observée par MEB) et les propriétés mécaniques et diélectriques sont déterminés. La permittivité relative théorique des porcelaines obtenues, calculée en utilisant la règle des mélanges des phases minéralogiques formées est en bon accord avec les valeurs expérimentales trouvées. / This work concerns the study of the effect of impurities on the physico-chemical phenomena occurring duringthe sintering of kaolin between 900 and 1600 °C and the resulting physical properties. Kaolin is used in the field ofceramics: traditional ceramics, porcelain, refractory ceramic (mullite, chamotte), electrotechnical porcelain, etc. ... It iscustomary to control the content and nature of impurities that may limit their applications.Seven kaolin were selected for the impurities they contain namely; Feldspar, quartz and iron oxides in kaolin of Tamazert (Algeria). Organic matters and manganese oxide for kaolin of Djebel debbagh (Algeria). Organic matter, iron oxides, gibbsite and anatase in kaolin of Charentes basin (France).Kaolinite and halloysite, with the same composition, is the major mineral in each case. All the materials werereduced by grinding to the size of 63 μm.The first part of the study consists of physico-chemical characterizations of different kaolin to identify andquantify the major minerals that compose them.The second part concerns the understanding of thermal transformations that occur during the process ofdehydroxylation of kaolinite (metakaolin) and during the formation of mullite and cristobalite at high temperatures(1600 ° C). The microstructure, shrinkage, densification, the porosity are the main parameters studied in this part.The third part deals with the properties of kaolin during sintering where colorimetric, mechanical and dielectricproperties were studied.The effect of impurities and the microstructure during sintering of these properties (color, mechanical anddielectric) are widely developed. During sintering, crystallite size of mullite of different kaolins increases withtemperature. These crystallites incorporate impurities coloring such as Fe2 +/ Fe3 +, Ti4 +/ Ti2 + and Mn4 +/ Mn 2 +(depending on temperature), resulting in the increase of the chromaticity and the decrease in brightness from 1100 ° C.The transformation of anatase to rutile phase decreases the parameter of clarity of the charente kaolin. Presence ofcristobalite in the case of kaolin of Djebel Debbagh (which is rich in manganese) participates to the increase in claritybeyond 1400 ° C. The presence of feldspar in kaolin of Tamazert improves their dielectric properties through theformation of the glassy phase. When increasing the temperature at 1300 ° C, these properties increase. Relativepermittivity of the calcined kaolin decrease with increasing frequency (107-109Hz). The dielectric losses are largercompared to those found in materials used in the dielectric which are in general <10-3.The last part is devoted to the application of kaolin naturally rich in anatase in the field of dielectric porcelain.The identification and quantification of phases formed during sintering at 1300 °C, porosity, microstructure (observedby SEM) and mechanical and dielectric properties are determined. The theoretical relative permittivity obtained bycalculation using a mixing rule of the mineralogical phases formed agrees with the experimental values.