No description available.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Background: With the improvement of CAD/CAM technology and translucency of zirconia material, the full contour zirconia crown was introduced to offer dentists a metal free, high strength, and acceptable esthetic prosthesis option. In addition, it is claimed that it is possible to make a full contour high translucent zirconia crown close to natural tooth color by using coloring liquid. However, there is little information in the literature regarding the effect of coloring techniques and cement color on the optical properties of high translucent zirconia. Objective :1) To evaluate the effect of the coloring liquid technique on the resulting optical properties of a monolithic high translucent zirconia 2) To evaluate the cumulative effect of the cement color on the resulting optical properties of a monolithic high translucent zirconia. Alternative hypothesis: There is a significant difference in optical properties between the high translucent monolithic zirconia ceramics with different color staining technique. In addition, the use of shaded resin cement has an effect on the final optical properties of high translucent monolithic zirconia ceramics. Materials and methods: 35 specimens of high translucent zirconia (11mm x11mm) with thickness 1mm was divided into 5 groups according coloring technique, as follows: no color, submerge, two layers of painting, four layers of painting, and six layers of painting. All specimens were measured for the Δ E, transparent parameter (TP), and opalescence parameter(OP) by spectrophotometer (CM-2600D) after firing. Forty-two specimens of high translucent zirconia (11mm x11mm) with thickness 1mm were divided into three groups according to cement color, as follows: clear, opaque, and A2. After firing and cementing with ND4 resin Block. The Δ E, TP and OP will be measured by spectrophotometer. Statistics: The data were analyzed with significant level set at 0.05 one way ANOVA followed by pair-wise group comparisons using Fisher’s Protected Least Significant Differences. Result: 1) The shade of cement significantly affected the mean value of ΔE of E-max CAD and BruxZir high translucent zirconia restoration. Using opaque cement combined with E-max CAD resulted in color difference that was above the clinically perceptible level (ΔE> 3.7). 2) With more layers of staining liquid application, the ΔE and value decreased. The six-layered group showed lowest mean delta ΔE value of 22 (0.78). ΔE was significantly different among groups (p<0.0001). The submerged group showed higher ΔE than the all painting groups. Conclusions: Based on the results of the study, the colors of BruxZir high translucent zirconia and E-max CAD restorations were affected by the shade of cement, whereas white opaque resin cement resulted in BruxZir high translucent zirconia more yellowish. The results of the study demonstrated that the staining technique has an influence on value and final color of Lava-Plus high translucent. Therefore, it is recommended to consider staining technique as one of the influential factors on the final color of zirconia crowns.

The central idea of the 2005 Virginia Tech Solar House was to celebrate its solar aspects while integrating the engineering systems and the architecture into a single entity. Through the process of design and construction, the relationship between each detail and the overall architectural concept became evident. Highlighting four specific details to illustrate such intimate relationship, this study shows the importance of carefully working through each detail to remain faithful to the original design without any major compromise. / Master of Architecture

Résumé. Le sujet de ce mémoire d'arts plastiques est d'étudier « le branle du statut de l'image » selon l'expression d' Anca Vasiliu , mais d'une image contemporaine par le biais d'une peinture de recherche. Cette étude passe par le paradigme de l'aura Benjaminienne puis son application rapportée à la notion de matrice (chôra Platonicienne) en condition de lumière particulière (le diaphane). Une forme sans forme, celle d'une « chôra diaphane » , comme volumétrie transparente du tableau est déduite et s'agrège autour d'un volume reformulant son percept.C'est ainsi que l'analyse étudie les propriétés d’un subjectile devenu biface pour le plasticien et le regardeur où la couleur incorpore la rétention lumineuse singulière d’un châssis. L'étude débouche sur un constat plastique, celui d'un dispositif cathartique hybride nécessitant un travail de synthèse : la percolation du feuil peint par le regard où des plans (toiles) complexes sont explorés. La conclusion se porte alors sur l'évolution du médium Peinture en direction de ce subjectile à l'aura reformulée dans l'ensemble du champ dit « postmoderne ». / Abstract. The subject of this visual arts dissertation is to study "the motion of the status of the image", a contemporary image through a painting of research. This study goes through the paradigm of the Benjaminian aura and its application related to the notion of matrix (platonic chôra) in particular light condition (diaphanous). A formless form, that of a « diaphanous chôra », as a transparent volumetry of the painting is deduced and aggregates around a volume reformulating its percept. This is how the analysis studies the properties of a substrate that has become biface for the visual artist and the viewer where color incorporates the singular luminous retention of a frame. The study leads to a plastic finding, that of a hybrid cathartic device requiring a synthesis : the percolation of the film painted by the look where complex plans (canvases) are explored. The conclusion then turns on the evolution of the painting medium in the direction of this substrate to the reformulated aura throughout the "postmodern" field.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate accelerated and real time aging effect on microstructure and mechanical properties of different types of zirconia’s with various surface treatments. METHODS: In this in-vitro study 830 discs were prepared from four Y-TZP based materials. These materials were TZ-3YSB-E, ZPex®, ZPex® Smile (Tosoh Corporation, Japan), and Cercon®xt extra translucent zirconia (Dentsply-Sirona). Final dimensions of each specimen disc were about 15 mm in diameter and 1.5 mm thick. An accelerated aging process for 5, 24, and 168 hours of steam aging at 134°C under a pressure of 0.2 MPa was applied to the specimens. Real time aging was performed for one year in normal saline solution at 37°C in an incubator. Sandblasting was performed using a PrepStar® system with Al2O3 50μm particle size at pressure of 60 psi, rate 4.2 gram/minute. Grinding with a Buehler AutoMet 250 was performed using a 240 μm diamond disc with a 0.0034 kg/mm2 load and speed of 120 rpm for two minutes. Bruker D8 advance diffractometer was used for the acquisition of X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum. Biaxial flexural strength was determined using a ball-on-three-balls configuration in a universal testing machine. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the sample's surface topography. RESULTS: The results of this study show that the zirconia materials with smaller grain size have higher flexural strength. Sandblasting and grinding treatment increases the tensile flexural strength of TZ-3YSB-E and ZPex® compared to the controlled group of the same material. XRD analysis shows that TZ-3YSB-E at room temperature does not have any monoclinic phase before surface treatment and it increased after aging, sandblasting and grinding. Cercon®xt has the highest amount of cubic phase and it increases with surface treatment. CONCLUSION: Sandblasting surface treatment should not be applied to all types of zirconia and it has to be material specific. Within the scope of this study, accelerated aging process did not affect the grain size of all materials control groups. The smaller grain size of zirconia is correlated to higher flexural strength of the material. The smaller amount of cubic phase present is correlated to higher biaxial flexural strength.

Spånga är en liten förort till Stockholm med totalt 20 000 invånare. Till största del är spånga ett kluster av olika villaområden som tillsammans knyts samman av ett mindre centrum vars plan växt fram från Spånga station. Spånga centrum har en lummig småstadskaraktär. Bebyggelsen är en brokig konstellation av typologier som sträcker sig från tidig 1900-tals klassicism till 70-tals modernism och postmoderna byggnadsverk. Tillsamman skapar bebyggelsen en osammanhängande stadsväv med en mängd odefinierade tomrum som allt för ofta utnyttjas som parkeringsplatser. Jag anser att Spånga är som ett embryo till ett ordentligt stadscentrum. Idag en aning brokigt och uppdelat men med potential att bli en centralpunkt i Stockholms området. Min ambition med detta projekt är att göra att tillägg i Spånga som stärker centrumets signifikans och utgör en grund för fortsatt stadsutveckling. / Spånga is a small suburb of Stockholm with a total of 20,000 inhabitants. For the most part, Spånga is a cluster of different residential areas that are linked together by a smaller center whose plan has grown from Spånga station. Spånga center has a calm small town character. The settlement is a diverse constellation of typologies ranging from early 1900s classicism to 70s modernism and postmodern buildings. Together, the settlement creates an incoherent urban fabric with a variety of undefined voids that are all too often used as parking spaces.I believe that Spånga is like an embryo for a proper city center. Today a bit diverse and divided, but with the potential to become a central point in the Stockholm area. My ambition with this project is to make additions in Spånga that strengthen the center's significance and provide a basis for continued urban development.

Recent large-scale document digitization initiatives have created new modes of access to modern library collections with the development of new hardware and software technologies. Most commonly, these digitization projects focus on accurately scanning bound texts, some reaching an efficiency of more than one million volumes per year. While vast digital collections are changing the way users access texts, current scanning paradigms can not handle many non-standard materials. Documentation forms such as manuscripts, scrolls, codices, deteriorated film, epigraphy, and rock art all hold a wealth of human knowledge in physical forms not accessible by standard book scanning technologies. This great omission motivates the development of new technology, presented by this thesis, that is not-only effective with deteriorated bound works, damaged manuscripts, and disintegrating photonegatives but also easily utilized by non-technical staff. First, a novel point light source calibration technique is presented that can be performed by library staff. Then, a photometric correction technique which uses known illumination and surface properties to remove shading distortions in deteriorated document images can be automatically applied. To complete the restoration process, a geometric correction is applied. Also unique to this work is the development of an image-based uncalibrated document scanner that utilizes the transmissivity of document substrates. This scanner extracts intrinsic document color information from one or both sides of a document. Simultaneously, the document shape is estimated to obtain distortion information. Lastly, this thesis provides a restoration framework for damaged photographic negatives that corrects photometric and geometric distortions. Current restoration techniques for the discussed form of negatives require physical manipulation to the photograph. The novel acquisition and restoration system presented here provides the first known solution to digitize and restore deteriorated photographic negatives without damaging the original negative in any way. This thesis work develops new methods of document scanning and restoration suitable for wide-scale deployment. By creating easy to access technologies, library staff can implement their own scanning initiatives and large-scale scanning projects can expand their current document-sets.

Criado em 2001 e patenteado com o nome LiTraCon (Light Transmitting Concrete), o concreto translúcido é um material inovador que proporciona uma quebra de paradigma na utilização de matrizes à base de cimento. Apesar de ser chamado originalmente de concreto translúcido, o material é constituído por uma mistura de argamassa com adição de FOP (fibra óptica polimérica). Um aspecto ainda desconhecido é o efeito desta adição na mistura. Segundo a própria empresa fabricante, o material atinge altas resistências à compressão, entretanto não é mencionado qualquer comparativo com um testemunho, sem a adição de fibra. O principal questionamento levantado neste trabalho é se as boas propriedades mecânicas do material translúcido obtido não poderiam ser atribuídas a um traço rico em cimento ao invés da adição de FOP? Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal avaliar a influência estética e mecânica da fibra óptica polimérica em blocos de argamassa. Dessa forma foram executadas diferentes famílias de blocos translúcidos variando o teor (0; 2; 3,5 e 5%) e o tipo de organização (ordenado ou aleatório) das FOP´s. Atualmente, são poucos os trabalhos na literatura estrangeira que possuem dados técnicos e comparativos, sendo de difícil acesso. A grande maioria são publicações limitando-se a dizer que o material é inovador, com resistência à compressão e tração satisfatórias e suas diversas aplicações tanto na construção civil, quanto na arquitetura de interiores. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a adição da FOP estatisticamente, em relação ao corpo de prova testemunho (0% de fibra), diminuiu a resistência à compressão, tração na flexão e aumentou a absorção de água por capilaridade. Entretanto, esta minoração das propriedades mecânicas não impossibilita a adoção do material na construção civil (para compósitos com até 5% de fibra óptica polimérica), pois os CP´s ainda continuaram com um comportamento considerado satisfatório. Este trabalho pretende contribuir para ampliar o conhecimento deste novo material para aqueles que pretendem reproduzi-lo na indústria nacional. / Created in 2001 and patented under the name LiTraCon (Light Transmitting Concrete), translucent concrete is a material that provides a paradigm shift in the use of cement-based matrices. Despite being originally called translucent concrete, the material is made of a mixture of mortar with addition of POF (polymer optical fiber). A still unknown is the effect of this addition into the mix. According to the manufacturer, the material reaches high strength to compression, however is not mentioned any comparison with a witness, without the addition of fiber. The main question raised in this paper is whether the good mechanical properties of translucent material obtained could be attributed to a rich mixture in cement instead of an addition of POF. This research has as main objective to evaluate the mechanical and aesthetic influence of polymer optical fiber in mortar blocks. In this way were performed different families of translucent blocks varying the content (0; 2; 3.5 and 5%) and organization (ordered or random) of POF´s. Currently, there are few articles in the foreign literature that have technical and comparative data, being difficult to access. The vast majority are publications telling that the material is innovative, with good resistance to compression and traction and its various applications in civil construction and interior architecture. The obtained results showed that the addition of POF statistically, relative to the body of evidence testimony (0 %of fiber), decreased resistance to compression, traction on flexion and increased water absorption by capillarity. However, this decrease of the mechanical properties do not preclude the adoption of the material in civil construction (for composites with up to 5% of polymer optical fiber), because the samples still continued with a behavior considered good. This work aims to contribute to broaden the knowledge of this new material for those who want to manufacture it in the national industry.

Criado em 2001 e patenteado com o nome LiTraCon (Light Transmitting Concrete), o concreto translúcido é um material inovador que proporciona uma quebra de paradigma na utilização de matrizes à base de cimento. Apesar de ser chamado originalmente de concreto translúcido, o material é constituído por uma mistura de argamassa com adição de FOP (fibra óptica polimérica). Um aspecto ainda desconhecido é o efeito desta adição na mistura. Segundo a própria empresa fabricante, o material atinge altas resistências à compressão, entretanto não é mencionado qualquer comparativo com um testemunho, sem a adição de fibra. O principal questionamento levantado neste trabalho é se as boas propriedades mecânicas do material translúcido obtido não poderiam ser atribuídas a um traço rico em cimento ao invés da adição de FOP? Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal avaliar a influência estética e mecânica da fibra óptica polimérica em blocos de argamassa. Dessa forma foram executadas diferentes famílias de blocos translúcidos variando o teor (0; 2; 3,5 e 5%) e o tipo de organização (ordenado ou aleatório) das FOP´s. Atualmente, são poucos os trabalhos na literatura estrangeira que possuem dados técnicos e comparativos, sendo de difícil acesso. A grande maioria são publicações limitando-se a dizer que o material é inovador, com resistência à compressão e tração satisfatórias e suas diversas aplicações tanto na construção civil, quanto na arquitetura de interiores. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a adição da FOP estatisticamente, em relação ao corpo de prova testemunho (0% de fibra), diminuiu a resistência à compressão, tração na flexão e aumentou a absorção de água por capilaridade. Entretanto, esta minoração das propriedades mecânicas não impossibilita a adoção do material na construção civil (para compósitos com até 5% de fibra óptica polimérica), pois os CP´s ainda continuaram com um comportamento considerado satisfatório. Este trabalho pretende contribuir para ampliar o conhecimento deste novo material para aqueles que pretendem reproduzi-lo na indústria nacional. / Created in 2001 and patented under the name LiTraCon (Light Transmitting Concrete), translucent concrete is a material that provides a paradigm shift in the use of cement-based matrices. Despite being originally called translucent concrete, the material is made of a mixture of mortar with addition of POF (polymer optical fiber). A still unknown is the effect of this addition into the mix. According to the manufacturer, the material reaches high strength to compression, however is not mentioned any comparison with a witness, without the addition of fiber. The main question raised in this paper is whether the good mechanical properties of translucent material obtained could be attributed to a rich mixture in cement instead of an addition of POF. This research has as main objective to evaluate the mechanical and aesthetic influence of polymer optical fiber in mortar blocks. In this way were performed different families of translucent blocks varying the content (0; 2; 3.5 and 5%) and organization (ordered or random) of POF´s. Currently, there are few articles in the foreign literature that have technical and comparative data, being difficult to access. The vast majority are publications telling that the material is innovative, with good resistance to compression and traction and its various applications in civil construction and interior architecture. The obtained results showed that the addition of POF statistically, relative to the body of evidence testimony (0 %of fiber), decreased resistance to compression, traction on flexion and increased water absorption by capillarity. However, this decrease of the mechanical properties do not preclude the adoption of the material in civil construction (for composites with up to 5% of polymer optical fiber), because the samples still continued with a behavior considered good. This work aims to contribute to broaden the knowledge of this new material for those who want to manufacture it in the national industry.

Criado em 2001 e patenteado com o nome LiTraCon (Light Transmitting Concrete), o concreto translúcido é um material inovador que proporciona uma quebra de paradigma na utilização de matrizes à base de cimento. Apesar de ser chamado originalmente de concreto translúcido, o material é constituído por uma mistura de argamassa com adição de FOP (fibra óptica polimérica). Um aspecto ainda desconhecido é o efeito desta adição na mistura. Segundo a própria empresa fabricante, o material atinge altas resistências à compressão, entretanto não é mencionado qualquer comparativo com um testemunho, sem a adição de fibra. O principal questionamento levantado neste trabalho é se as boas propriedades mecânicas do material translúcido obtido não poderiam ser atribuídas a um traço rico em cimento ao invés da adição de FOP? Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal avaliar a influência estética e mecânica da fibra óptica polimérica em blocos de argamassa. Dessa forma foram executadas diferentes famílias de blocos translúcidos variando o teor (0; 2; 3,5 e 5%) e o tipo de organização (ordenado ou aleatório) das FOP´s. Atualmente, são poucos os trabalhos na literatura estrangeira que possuem dados técnicos e comparativos, sendo de difícil acesso. A grande maioria são publicações limitando-se a dizer que o material é inovador, com resistência à compressão e tração satisfatórias e suas diversas aplicações tanto na construção civil, quanto na arquitetura de interiores. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a adição da FOP estatisticamente, em relação ao corpo de prova testemunho (0% de fibra), diminuiu a resistência à compressão, tração na flexão e aumentou a absorção de água por capilaridade. Entretanto, esta minoração das propriedades mecânicas não impossibilita a adoção do material na construção civil (para compósitos com até 5% de fibra óptica polimérica), pois os CP´s ainda continuaram com um comportamento considerado satisfatório. Este trabalho pretende contribuir para ampliar o conhecimento deste novo material para aqueles que pretendem reproduzi-lo na indústria nacional. / Created in 2001 and patented under the name LiTraCon (Light Transmitting Concrete), translucent concrete is a material that provides a paradigm shift in the use of cement-based matrices. Despite being originally called translucent concrete, the material is made of a mixture of mortar with addition of POF (polymer optical fiber). A still unknown is the effect of this addition into the mix. According to the manufacturer, the material reaches high strength to compression, however is not mentioned any comparison with a witness, without the addition of fiber. The main question raised in this paper is whether the good mechanical properties of translucent material obtained could be attributed to a rich mixture in cement instead of an addition of POF. This research has as main objective to evaluate the mechanical and aesthetic influence of polymer optical fiber in mortar blocks. In this way were performed different families of translucent blocks varying the content (0; 2; 3.5 and 5%) and organization (ordered or random) of POF´s. Currently, there are few articles in the foreign literature that have technical and comparative data, being difficult to access. The vast majority are publications telling that the material is innovative, with good resistance to compression and traction and its various applications in civil construction and interior architecture. The obtained results showed that the addition of POF statistically, relative to the body of evidence testimony (0 %of fiber), decreased resistance to compression, traction on flexion and increased water absorption by capillarity. However, this decrease of the mechanical properties do not preclude the adoption of the material in civil construction (for composites with up to 5% of polymer optical fiber), because the samples still continued with a behavior considered good. This work aims to contribute to broaden the knowledge of this new material for those who want to manufacture it in the national industry.