Each year storms impact coastal areas, sometimes causing significant morphologic change. Cold fronts are associated with increased wave energy and frequently occur during the winter months along many coasts, such as the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. The higher wave energy can be responsible for a large quantity of the sediment transport resulting in rapid morphologic change. Using streamer traps, the vertical distribution of onshore-directed sediment transport during two different cold fronts on two low-wave energy beaches (i.e., along the northern Yucatan and southeast Florida) were compared with the resulting morphologic change. The objectives of this study are to: 1) analyze the grain size distribution (statistics) of sediment transported during a cold front, 2) compare the vertical sediment distribution throughout the water column, and 3) compare characteristics of bed sediment to the sediment within the water column. Understanding the changing grain size distribution of bottom sediments in comparison to directional transport (throughout the water column) should help determine the sediment fraction(s) being eroded or deposited, which could greatly improve predictions of storm-induced morphology change. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Darbo tikslas – atlikti Lietuvos autotransporto sektoriaus rodiklių analizę darnaus aplinkos būklės, ekonominio ir socialinio vystymosi aspektais 2000–2011 m. Vykdant išsikeltus darbo uždavinius buvo renkami, grupuojami, ir analizuojami statistiniai duomenys susiję su transporto sektoriaus darniu vystymusi ir apimantys šio sektoriaus aplinkosauginius, ekonominius bei socialinius aspektus. Analizuojamas laikotarpis apima 2000 – 2010 metus. Per šį laikotarpį Lietuvos transporto sektorius labai vystėsi.. Kelių transporto priemonių skaičius 2000 – 2006 padidėjo 40 %. Vėliau šis augimas nebuvo toks ryškus. Kuro sunaudojimas transporto sektoriuje per analizuojamą laikotarpį išaugo 50 proc. Kuro suvartojimas transporto sektoriuje sumažėjo dabartinės ekonominės krizės metu. Vis didesnę dalį krovinių ir keleivių apyvartos užima kelių transportas. Keleivių vežimas viešojo naudojimo autobusais iki 2008 metų padidėjo 22 %. Transporto sektoriaus sukuriama BVP dalis 2000 – 2008 metų periodu augo 25 %. Darbuotojų skaičius transporto sektoriuje per 2000 – 2010 metų laikotarpį sumažėjo 16 %, tai rodo, kad net ir maža dalis dirbančiųjų transporto sektoriuje sukuria gan didelę dalį bendrojo Lietuvoje sukuriamo BVP. Bendras kelių tinklas išaugo 10 %. Lietuvoje gyventojų mirtingumas dėl transporto įvykių sumažėjo 54 %. Krovinių vežimas visomis transporto rūšimis iki 2008 metų augo, vėliau pastebimas sumažėjimas dėl finansų krizės. Ir tik nuo 2009 metų pastebimas pervežamų krovinių skaičiaus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The purpose - to carry out motor Lithuania sector analysis of indicators of sustainable environmental, economic and social aspects of development in 2000-2011. The performance targets set for itself were collected, grouped and analyzed statistical data related to the transport sector and the sustainable development of the sector covering the environmental, economic and social aspects. The analysis covers the period 2000 - 2010 years. During this period the Lithuanian transport sector is very developed .. Road vehicles 2000 - 2006 increased by 40%. Later, the increase was less pronounced. Fuel consumption in the transport sector during the analysis period increased by 50 percent. Fuel consumption in the transport sector dropped in the current economic crisis. An increasing share of freight and passenger turnover of road transport occupies. Passengers carried by public buses by the year 2008 increased by 22%. Transport sector in the GDP of 2000 - 2008 season increased by 25%. Number of employees in the transport sector during 2000 - 2010 the period decreased by 16%, suggesting that even a small proportion of workers in the transport sector creates a relatively large part of total GDP generated in Lithuania. The total road network grew by 10%. Lithuania mortality rate of traffic accidents decreased by 54%. Freight transport by all modes of transport by the year 2008 to grow at appreciable reduction of the financial crisis. It is only since the year 2009 appreciable increase... [to full text]

Aus gegebenen klimatischen Gründen sind viele Milchviehbetriebe in Syrien gezwungen, Grobfutter aus weit entfernten Ackerbaugebieten heran zu transportieren. Im Falle des in die-ser Arbeit beschriebenen Unterschungsbetriebes werden jährlich etwa 400 Tonnen Futterstroh aus dem ca. 800 km entfernten Ackerbaugebiet herantransportiert. In dem Untersuchungsbe-trieb stellt Stroh über 80% des Grobfutters dar. Gegenwärtig wird das Stroh gehäckselt und in Plastik-Säcke gefüllt; dennoch werden die eingesetzten Transportzüge nur zu 45% ausgela-stet. Die Kosten der Kompaktierung und des Transports aus den Getreideanbaugebieten in die Milchviehbetriebe bestimmen im Wesentlichen die Kosten für das Stroh. Aus diesem Grunde konzentrierten sich die Untersuchungen darauf, in welchem Maße durch unterschiedliche Be-handlungsmethoden von Stroh dessen Einsatzmöglichkeiten in der Milchviehfütterung ver-bessert, die Transportaufwendungen reduziert und die Umwelt durch verringerten Treibstoff-verbrauch entlastet werden können. Untersucht wurden die Möglichkeiten zur Erhöhung der Transportleistung und zur Senkung der Aufwendungen bei gleichzeitiger Sicherung der Fut-terqualität, die insbesondere durch die mechanische und chemische Behandlung des Strohs erzielt werden können. Anhand der mechanischen und chemischen Behandlung von Stroh wurden die Möglichkeiten der Futterwerterhöhung des Strohs sowie eine angepaßte Rationsgestaltung durchgeführt. Da-bei erweist sich die Quaderballenlinie als das optimale Verfahren, das durch die Reduzierung des Kraftstoffverbrauchs für den Transport die CO2-Emission um 46% pro Jahr senkt. Die Strohbehandlung durch Zusatz von 4% Harnstoff und 50% Wasser (bezogen auf die Trocken-substanzmenge des Strohs) stellt eine optimale Lösung dar. Aufgrund dessen sollte der Anteil von Aufschlußstroh in der täglichen Ration auf 5 bis 8 kg TS / Kuh u. Tag (abhängig vom Laktationsstadium) erhöht werden. Die Effekte der Quadergroßballen und der anschließenden Harnstoffbehandlung am Ver-brauchsort bringen dem Betrieb eine finanzielle Entlastung von 13% seiner Jahresausgaben für Futtermittel. / Due to the unfavourable climatic conditions for forage production, dairy farms around Da-mascus (Syria) are forced to transport straw from far crop growing regions. The dairy farm covered in this study needs about 400 tonnes of straw to be used as feed which has to be transported from a distance of around 800 km. In the study farm straw covers more than 80% of the forage feed provided. At present the straw is chopped and is being transported in plastic sacks utilising only 45 % of the capacity of the trucks. This indicates the need for improve-ment in truck utilisation through optimisation process such as compacting. The cost of straw is mainly influenced by the cost of compacting and transporting the straw from crop producing regions to the dairy farms located at up to 800 km away from the pro-duction centre. This study was therefore undertaken to evaluate the different treatment methods such as physical (chopping, compacting, etc) and chemical (Urea application) in improving the utili-sation of straw as dairy feed. The study has also included the minimisation of transportation cost and reduction of pollution of the environment through an optimisation process. At the same time attempts were made to increase the transport capacity and reduction of the expendi-ture without affecting the quality of the feed. Through the physical and chemical treatments of straw it was possible to improve the feed value of straw which has enabled us to develop a new ration formulation that could be used on the study farm. The use of square bale to compact the straw has reduced diesel consumption which in turn minimises CO2 emission by 46% per year. The chemical treatment employed by using 4% Urea and 50% water of the straw weight was observed to be optimal. Based on the above chemical treatment procedure, an allowance of 5 to 8 kg DM per cow and day was recommended depending on the lactation stage of the cow. The effect of the square baling in conjunction with the Urea treatment at the dairy farm could reduce the yearly feed expenditure of the farm by 13%.