Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-01-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:57:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000758803.pdf: 3117945 bytes, checksum: 6ad87c6fdc67ce689984fe77096075d3 (MD5) / Várias são as naturezas dos fluxos que conectam diariamente cidades, sejam elas territorialmente vizinhas ou não. As ampliações nas intensidades e nos destinos desses fluxos são características cada vez mais relevantes para a maioria dos núcleos urbanos nacionais. Aliado às especificações produtivas dos lugares, esses acréscimos de sentidos e intensidade dos fluxos contribuem para que, cada vez mais, cidades próximas tenham perfis econômicos complementares entre si. A singularidade produtiva dos lugares é influenciada tanto pela superestrutura quanto pela infraestrutura, ambas exercendo influência na escala global e local. A singularidade produtiva dos lugares constitui-se de maneira externa balizada em fatores atuantes na macro escala que verticalizam a relação entre os lugares, como por exemplo o sistema de produção global e outros agentes e processos decisórios tomados na relação constituída de subordinação política e econômica. A singularidade produtiva também é viabilizada pela integração decorrente dos avanços nos meios de comunicação e pela flexibilização dos meios de transporte que operam na escala local, permitindo que conhecimentos, bens, serviços e pessoas se desloquem pelo espaço com maior fluidez. O intuito desta pesquisa é o de analisar o transporte coletivo rodoviário suburbano em Araraquara e cidades vizinhas, observando-o como um fator capaz de proporcionar fluidez aos fluxos, neste caso especificamente, aos de natureza populacionais, influenciando no arranjo regional. Através da interpretação de dados e reflexões bibliográficas será possível uma comparação com as propostas de regiões oficiais de governança do Estado de São Paulo, permitindo-nos interpretar de que maneira se dá a organização do espaço referido pelo Estado e sua efetividade / There are various natures of flows that connect cities daily, whether or not neighboring territorial. The enhancements in the intensities and the destinations of these flows are increasingly relevant features for most national urban centers. Allied to the production specifications of places, these additions senses and intensity of flows contribute to that, increasingly, nearby cities have complementary economic profiles together. The uniqueness of productive places is influenced by the superstructure as the infrastructure, both influencing the global and local scale. The uniqueness of productive places constitutes manner guided by external factors acting on the macro scale verticalizam the relationship between places, such as the system of global production and other stakeholders and decision processes taken in relation consists of political and economic subordination. The productive uniqueness is also made possible by the integration resulting from the advancements in media and the easing of the means of transport that operate on a local scale, allowing knowledge, goods, services and people moving through space with greater fluidity. The purpose of this research is to analyze road public transport in Araraquara and neighboring suburban cities, observing it as a factor capable of providing fluid flows, in this case specifically, the nature of population, influencing the regional arrangement. Through the interpretation of data and bibliographic reflections will be possible to compare with the proposed Official regions governance of the state of São Paulo, allowing us to interpret that way it gives the organization of the space described by the state and its effectiveness

Orientador: Enéas Rente Ferreira / Banca: Fadel David Antonio Filho / Banca: Flamarion Dutra Alves / Resumo: Várias são as naturezas dos fluxos que conectam diariamente cidades, sejam elas territorialmente vizinhas ou não. As ampliações nas intensidades e nos destinos desses fluxos são características cada vez mais relevantes para a maioria dos núcleos urbanos nacionais. Aliado às especificações produtivas dos lugares, esses acréscimos de sentidos e intensidade dos fluxos contribuem para que, cada vez mais, cidades próximas tenham perfis econômicos complementares entre si. A singularidade produtiva dos lugares é influenciada tanto pela superestrutura quanto pela infraestrutura, ambas exercendo influência na escala global e local. A singularidade produtiva dos lugares constitui-se de maneira externa balizada em fatores atuantes na macro escala que verticalizam a relação entre os lugares, como por exemplo o sistema de produção global e outros agentes e processos decisórios tomados na relação constituída de subordinação política e econômica. A singularidade produtiva também é viabilizada pela integração decorrente dos avanços nos meios de comunicação e pela flexibilização dos meios de transporte que operam na escala local, permitindo que conhecimentos, bens, serviços e pessoas se desloquem pelo espaço com maior fluidez. O intuito desta pesquisa é o de analisar o transporte coletivo rodoviário suburbano em Araraquara e cidades vizinhas, observando-o como um fator capaz de proporcionar fluidez aos fluxos, neste caso especificamente, aos de natureza populacionais, influenciando no arranjo regional. Através da interpretação de dados e reflexões bibliográficas será possível uma comparação com as propostas de regiões oficiais de governança do Estado de São Paulo, permitindo-nos interpretar de que maneira se dá a organização do espaço referido pelo Estado e sua efetividade / Abstract: There are various natures of flows that connect cities daily, whether or not neighboring territorial. The enhancements in the intensities and the destinations of these flows are increasingly relevant features for most national urban centers. Allied to the production specifications of places, these additions senses and intensity of flows contribute to that, increasingly, nearby cities have complementary economic profiles together. The uniqueness of productive places is influenced by the superstructure as the infrastructure, both influencing the global and local scale. The uniqueness of productive places constitutes manner guided by external factors acting on the macro scale verticalizam the relationship between places, such as the system of global production and other stakeholders and decision processes taken in relation consists of political and economic subordination. The productive uniqueness is also made possible by the integration resulting from the advancements in media and the easing of the means of transport that operate on a local scale, allowing knowledge, goods, services and people moving through space with greater fluidity. The purpose of this research is to analyze road public transport in Araraquara and neighboring suburban cities, observing it as a factor capable of providing fluid flows, in this case specifically, the nature of population, influencing the regional arrangement. Through the interpretation of data and bibliographic reflections will be possible to compare with the proposed Official regions governance of the state of São Paulo, allowing us to interpret that way it gives the organization of the space described by the state and its effectiveness / Mestre

The potential for decreasing timber transportation costs in the South by increasing truck payloads was investigated using a combination of theoretical and case-study methods. A survey of transportation regulations in the South found considerable disparities between states. Attempts to model the factors which determine payload per unit of bunk area and load center of gravity location met with only moderate success, but illustrated the difficulties loggers experience in estimating gross and axle weights in the woods. A method was developed for evaluating the impact of Federal Bridge Formula axle weight constraints on the payloads of tractor-trailers with varying dimensions and axle configurations. Analysis of scalehouse data found log truck gross weights lower on average than the legal maximum but also highly variable. Eliminating both overloading and underloading would result in an increase in average payload, reduced overweight lines, and improved public relations. Tractor-trailer tare weights were also highly variable indicating potential for increasing payload by using lightweight equipment. Recommendations focused first on taking steps to keep GVW’s within a narrow range around the legal maximum by adopting alternative loading strategies, improving GVW estimation, and using scalehouse data as a management tool. When this goal is achieved, options for decreasing tare weight should be considered. Suggestions for future research included a study of GVW estimation accuracy using a variety of estimation techniques, and field testing of the project recommendations. / Ph. D.

Thesis (MPA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2012 / The implementation of the Taxi Recapitalisation Programme was articulated by the South African government since 1999, with its estimated time implementation to start in 2005. As at the time of completion of this study the Taxi Recapitalisation Programme was still not absolutely completed. While 2010 was earmarked to be a year to remove all unroadworthy vehicles on the South African public roads, and that has not been completely achieved, especially in the rural areas where roads are not well tarred and constructed. This study investigated the impact that the implementation of the TRP has on taxi queue marshals, taxi rank- street vendors, taxi drivers and taxi-owners as well as their perceptions of the government’s Recapitalisation programme. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to collect data from the Greater Mankweng Taxi Association in Limpopo Province, Capricorn district and the Limpopo Department of Roads and Transport. The findings of the study, however differs in terms of the participants categories, but the general perception from the respondents is that the Taxi Recapitalisation Programme is not bringing substantial benefit to those it intends to benefit such as taxi operators, taxi drivers and the government revenue system. The street vendors who are indirect beneficiaries also do not see the impact of the Taxi Recapitalisation Programme on their business.

M.Sc. (Environmental Management) / This study explores the school-commuting phenomenon that occurs across the city of Johannesburg, with specific reference to inner city private schools. It was hypothesized that the school commute, much of which has its origins in spatial apartheid, is financially and socially unsustainable. As spatial apartheid continues to dominate the urban landscape in Johannesburg, it is posited that overall, the school commute hinders the City of Johannesburg’s progress towards becoming a sustainable city. In particular, a sustainable city has both sustainable social systems and a sustainable transport system, amongst other things. It is argued here that in Johannesburg, the existence of nonsustainable social systems in formerly designated ‘black only’ residential areas, such as dysfunctional and poorly resourced public schools, is driving a school commute to inner city private schools. In particular, historically disadvantaged individuals, who were forced under apartheid to reside on the urban periphery, are the ones who do the longest and most expensive commute to school. For the learners and parents, this decision to enroll in inner city schools comes at a financial cost, for transport, and in time spent commuting, which is lowering the overall quality of life for these families. The study is limited to inner city, low cost private schools within the City of Johannesburg (CoJ). The respondents were parents or guardians of learners enrolled in these schools. The study found that the majority of learners enrolled in these schools resided outside of the inner city itself, mostly in former designated ‘black-only’ space. The overwhelming majority of learners were black and identified with various tribal groups, although Zulu was the most dominant. They hailed from lower middle class to upper working class homes. Parents had elected to enroll their children in these inner city private schools, rather than in geographically close-to-home schools for reasons associated with academic performance, discipline and the perceived quality of the teaching. It was clear that local township schools were shunned by these parents who were prepared to spend significant amounts of money on the school commute and have their children spend more than 30 minutes getting to school each day instead of enrolling them in no-fee township schools within walking distance from home.

Dissertation (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The dissertation firstly outlines the findings of recent studies that have recorded the relationship between transport and economic development. This includes the assessment of a number of economic evaluation techniques that are available to predict the impact of improvements in transport on economic development. An historic overview is provided of the role that transport has played in the development of Cape Town. Due to the fact that the phases of development followed international development trends, it is concluded that development in Cape Town will follow the global trend. A number of economic growth scenarios are developed for Cape Town to assess how the City will be able to cope with the socio-demographic challenges facing it in the next century. The relationship between land price and the economic development potential of land is outlined, as are the factors that determine industrial land price, namely the demand and supply of industrial land. The process of determining the economic value of industrial land is described. This includes the collection and analysis of occupation rent of industrial townships in Cape Town, the calculation of property values and the calculation of the shadow price of land. A procedure of determining accessibility to industrial townships in Cape Town was developed. Firstly, accessibility was defined in broad terms. This was followed by a discussion of each of the elements of accessibility namely proximity, access and mobility in order to understand the factors that may impact on the level of accessibility. Finally, the level of accessibility is quantified in terms of generalised cost. A regression analysis was undertaken to establish a statistical relationship between the economic value of industrial land and accessibility to the industrial townships. The development of a numerical model was based on the regression analyses to forecast changes in industrial land price given a change in accessibility. The model was then tested on a case study. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: (a) The accessibility of industrial land in Cape Town is linked closely to its CSD I Port (it was not possible to separate the CSD and the port), which is typical of a monocentric city structure. (b) There is a positive, significant, quantifiable relationship between accessibility as quantified by means of generalised cost and the economic value of industrial land, which was calculated by means of the shadow price technique. (c) There are a number of conditions that should be met for an increase in local industrial production potential to be translated into an equal amount of economic output. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die proefskrif som eerstens die bevindings van onlangse studies op wat die verwantskap tussen vervoer en ekonomiese ontwikkeling dokumenteer. Dit sluit die taksering van 'n aantal ekonomiese evaluasietegnieke in wat beskikbaar is om die impak van vervoer op ekonomiese ontwikkeling te voorspel. 'n Historiese oorsig word verskaf van die rol wat vervoer gespeel het in die ontwikkeling van Kaapstad. As gevolg van die feit dat die fases van ontwikkeling in die verlede internasionale ontwikkelingstendense gevolg het, word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat Kaapstad die globalisasie markera, wat tans internasionaal gestalte kry, sal navolg. 'n Aantal ekonomiese groeiscenarios word vir Kaapstad ontwikkel ten einde te bepaal hoe die stad die sosiodemografiese uitdagings van die volgende eeu sal hanteer. Die verwantskap tussen grondprys en die ekonomiese ontwikkelingspotensiaal van grond word omskryf, asook die faktore wat industriële grondprys bepaal. Die proses van die bepaling van die ekonomiese waarde van industriële grond word beskryf. Dit sluit die insamel en analise van besettingshuurdata van industriële dorpsgebiede, die berekening van eiendomswaarde en die berekening van die skaduprys van grond in. 'n Prosedure is ontwikkel vir die berekening van die toeganklikheid van industriële dorpsgebiede in Kaapstad. Eerstens is toeganklikheid in breë trekke gedefinieër. Dit is gevolg deur 'n bespreking van elk van die elemente van toeganklikheid, naamlik nabyheid, aansluiting en mobiliteit ten einde die faktore wat op die vlak van toeganklikheid mag impakteer te verstaan. Laastens is die vlak van toeganklikheid gekwantifiseer in terme van veralgemeende vervoerkoste. 'n Regressie-analise is onderneem ten einde die statistiese verwantskap tussen die ekonomiese waarde van industriële grond en toeganklikheid na industriële dorpsgebiede te bepaal. Die ontwikkeling van 'n numeriese model is op die regressie-analise gebaseer ten einde veranderinge in industriële grondpryse te voorspel, gegewe 'n verandering in toeganklikheid. Die model is op 'n gevallestudie toegepas. Die vernaamste gevolgtrekkings van die studie is : (a) Die toeganklikheid van industriële grond in Kaapstad is nou gekoppel aan die sentrale sakekern I hawe (dit was nie moontlik om die sentrale sakekern en hawe te skei nie), wat tipies is van n monosentriese staduitleg. (b) Daar is n noemenswaardige positiewe kwantifiseerbare verwantskap tussen toeganklikheid, soos gekwantifiseer in terme van veralgemeende koste, en die ekonomiese waarde van industriële grond wat deur middel van die skaduprystegniek bereken is. (c) Daar is 'n aantal voorwaardes waaraan voldoen moet word alvorens 'n toename in plaaslike industriële produksiepotensiaal tot 'n soortgelyke toename in ekonomiese ontwikelingspotensiaal sal lei.

Like many other economic and social activities that are infrastructure-intensive, the transport sector is an important component of the economy impacting on national, regional and local development as well as the welfare of citizens. An efficient transport infrastructure provides a multitude of socioeconomic opportunities and benefits with positive multiplier effects such as better accessibility to markets, employment, education and health. If it is well managed, transport infrastructure transforms the quality of life of residents through dynamic externalities it generates. But when infrastructure is deficient in terms of capacity, efficiency or reliability, it can have unwarranted economic costs due to reduced or missed opportunities. Despite its central role in rural development, little is known about the extent and impact of the various benefits that arise from the development of roads, particularly in developing countries. A large body of literature exists documenting the spatial patterns of socioeconomic development which can be induced by road infrastructure development processes and are in most cases dynamic and temporal. The impacts of a given road infrastructure development can also be analysed at the local, regional or national perspectives. The local impact is expected to be limited to the immediate neighbourhoods of the highway including tukuls, towns and villages to be found on both sides of the road within a distance of 5kms defining the influence zone. Based on this, the main objective of this research is to assess socioeconomic impacts of road infrastructure development of three newly developed highways on their respective surrounding communities 5-10 years after the interventions. Two of the highways are gravel surfaced and one is paved type. The respective study names are: Gendewuha – Gelago road (Corridor 1), Mile – Weldiya road (Corridor 2) and Ginchi – Kachisi road (Corridor 3). Their respective lengths are 165; 125; and 105 kilometres, while the study refers 10 kilometres on both sides of the roads. The study had focused on primary data on selected variables that describe socioeconomic conditions both before and after the intervention by using mixed methods of data collection considering quasi experimental design (QED). The main methods of analysis employed are descriptive and inferential statistics. Models such as: Random model approach and double-difference regression were used. The research had utilized two types of impact analyses (temporal and spatial) for comparison and also tested by using paired sample t tests: First: for each of the three corridors, comparisons between current conditions and the situation before the road intervention and, second: comparing conditions in the zone of influence (ZOI) situated within 5kms with control zone (COZ) situated beyond 5kms which are considered not to benefit much from road improvements during the period covered by the study. The research is based on data collected from 392 household heads, 77 key informants, 69 FGD participants from seven different localities, traffic counts from seven points, physical observations, outputs of GIS analysis utilizing satellite imageries and vast secondary data. The findings show that there are more positive and less negative temporal and spatial socioeconomic impacts generated by the three corridors notwithstanding disparities among the different locations. Accordingly, the paved highway is found to have more powerful positive impacts than the gravel roads, which are of low standards and functioning poorly. The status of truck and bus terminals which should have been integrated in the highway development projects are still underdeveloped with obvious effects on the sustainability of their socioeconomic impacts in the study areas. Furthermore, certain natural and more importantly manmade factors are found to have pre-empted the realization of certain positive socioeconomic impacts to be obtained from road interventions. In a nutshell, the dissertation had proofed the importance of conducting impact evaluation in the study areas by answering the questions of ‘what works and what doesn’t? and what is the extent of the impact?; measuring the impacts and relating the changes in the dependent variables to developmental policies; investigating the positive and negative effects of road development interventions and their sustainability; producing information that is relevant from transparency and accountability perspective; and finally contributing to individual and organizational level learning that can be inspired by conducting impact evaluations from the perspectives of change theory, programme theory and central place theory. These also offer possibilities of informing decision makers as to whether to expand, or improve road development related interventions by way of programmes, projects and policies. Therefore, from the perspective of Transport Geography, it is the primary interest of the researcher to contribute towards filling the aforementioned gaps in the existing body of the knowledge in Ethiopia and elsewhere. / Geography / D. Litt. et Phil. (Geography)

The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the brokered transport costs of road and rail transport for the independent timber growers of NCT Forestry Co-operative Limited in Kwa-Zulu-Natal. Reliability, flexibility, visibility, rates and total transport time were evaluated for each mode of transport. The impact of the carbon emissions was also considered and the option of performance based standard vehicles investigated. During the period 2000 to 2003, rail was the dominant mode of transport. However from 2004 onwards, due to the diminishing service levels and the high tariff structures of rail transport, road became the preferred mode of transport. The results of the survey conducted for the purposes of this study showed that although road transport outperformed rail transport, rail transport scored significantly higher than road transport as a cost-effective mode of transportation. Rail transport was shown to be a far less carbon intensive mode of transport than road transport, while there were substantial cost savings and benefits from performance based standard vehicles. / Transport Economics, Logistics and Tourism / M. Com. (Logistics)