This study illustrates the impact of the Tamiami Trail on the people and environment of South Florida through an examination of the road’s origins, construction and implementation. By exploring the motives behind building the highway, the subsequent assimilation of indigenous societies, the drastic population growth that occurred as a result of a propagated “Florida Dream”, and the environmental decline of the surrounding Everglades, this analysis reveals that the Tamiami Trail is viewed today through a much different context than that of the road’s builders and promoters in the early twentieth century. While construction projects that aim to prevent, or limit the once celebrated environmental destruction caused by the Tamiami Trail, the unrelenting and economically stimulating growth of South Florida continues to uncover a “paradox of progress.”

Public transportation projects are some of the most complex and costly components of urban development. While urban sites may develop naturally through the combined and only partially coordinated efforts of countless private groups, they inevitably reach a critical mass which requires the development of a shared infrastructure. While this problem is not unique to the modern era, the size, density, and intensity of modern urban uses demands a level of advanced and extensive transportation infrastructure that is unprecedented. The extreme costliness and impact of this infrastructure makes its design and implementation a difficult and controversial matter, particularly when divergent strategies are possible. Mass transit is not the predominant mode of travel for most twenty first century Americans. Before the automobile era, however, transit modes of all types graced the country’s cities, providing a level of service unmatched by most modern transit systems through high frequency and dense routes. This research investigates the transportation history of Seattle, a prominent but relatively young American city, to determine the critical cultural, political and social factors which led that city to redevelop its transit systems successfully after their initial dismantlement during the early car era. The research will focus on the unique trends which allowed Seattle to avoid the transit stagnation of other cities in the mid to late twenty-first century. Seattle’s contemporary transit conditions are summarized through the use of spatial and survey data and compared to transit conditions from the peak of the historic streetcar era. Contemporary transportation planning documents and processes are considered to yield insight into the unique transportation planning culture of the Seattle region. Finally, the region’s urban and transportation history is reviewed to identify and track the processes most responsible for the city’s relative success in developing modern transit when compared to similar cities.

鄭玲玲. / "2003年8月". / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2003. / 參考文獻 (leaves 156-163). / 附中英文摘要. / "2003 nian 8 yue". / Zheng Lingling. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2003. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 156-163). / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / Chapter 第一章 --- 前言 --- p.1-11 / Chapter 第二章 --- 殖民政府在港島北部建城的原因 / Chapter 第一節 --- 地理因素 --- p.12-17 / Chapter 第二節 --- 軍政需要 --- p.17-20 / Chapter 第三節 --- 港島北部交通孔道的建立 --- p.20-26 / Chapter 第四節 --- 開埠初期港島開發的困難 --- p.26-29 / Chapter 第五節 --- 小結 --- p.29 / Chapter 第三章 --- 華洋社區交通系統的建立 / Chapter 第一節 --- 洋商貿易增長與中區碼頭擴建 --- p.30-34 / Chapter 第二節 --- 人口激增與城市擴展 --- p.34-41 / Chapter 第三節 --- 洋商與政府角力一香港早期塡海計劃 --- p.41-43 / Chapter 第四節 --- 從衝突到合作一 1899年中區塡海計劃的落實 --- p.43-47 / Chapter 第五節 --- 小結 --- p.48 / Chapter 第四章 --- 鼠疫後重建太平山區的意義 / Chapter 第一節 --- 華人社區道路的分佈特色 --- p.49-53 / Chapter 第二節 --- 鼠疫期間太平山區的情況 --- p.53-55 / Chapter 第三節 --- 鼠疫後的重建工作 --- p.56-68 / Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 --- p.69 / Chapter 第五章 --- 港島交通工具的興起與發展 / Chapter 第一節 --- 轎車、人力車和馬車 --- p.69-77 / Chapter 第二節 --- 洋人社區與山頂纜車 --- p.78-83 / Chapter 第三節 --- 20世紀貫通港島的電車投入服務 --- p.84-47 / Chapter 第四節 --- 港島公共汽車的引入和普及 --- p.87-89 / Chapter 第五節 --- 小結 --- p.89-90 / Chapter 第六章 --- 九龍半島交通網絡的建立 / Chapter 第一節 --- 1860年前九龍半島發展的槪況 --- p.91-94 / Chapter 第二節 --- 殖民政府與軍部角力一十九世紀中葉九龍半島的發展 --- p.94-104 / Chapter 第三節 --- 二十世紀九龍半島迅速發展的原因 --- p.105-106 / Chapter 第四節 --- 二十世紀九龍半島的道路網絡的特色 --- p.106-114 / Chapter 第五節 --- 小結 --- p.115 / Chapter 第七章 --- 九龍半島的交通工具發展 / Chapter 第一節 --- 港九海上交通聯繫一小輪公司的成立 --- p.116-124 / Chapter 第二節 --- 陸上運輸網絡的建立一九廣鐵路的通車 --- p.124-131 / Chapter 第三節 --- 九龍和新界公共汽車服務 --- p.131-133 / Chapter 第五節 --- 小結 --- p.133-134 / Chapter 第八章 --- 總結 --- p.135-140 / 附表 --- p.141-155 / 參考書目 --- p.156-163

Bottled mineral water has managed to become a commodity and can be found virtually anywhere in the world. However, even if it is a very common and well recognized product, little it is known about its history, about how, when and why it came to be. The origins of bottled water can be found in mid-19th century Europe and America, when spas started selling their waters outside their facilities. However, soon other springs which had not relation with traditional hydrotherapy started bottling their waters as well. Four conditionings have been found which explain why bottled water started being produced at that point in time and not before. Those factors are the existence of an adequate container, the invention of an efficient transportation method, a cultural/social predisposition and lack of salubrious water. When those four conditionings occurred at the same time, the bases for a thriving mineral water bottling industry were established. By exploring each of these factors in Catalonia for the period that has been found to encompass the first golden age of bottled mineral water (1840-1930), the general hypothesis is proven, meaning that all the aforementioned conditionings were necessary for the commoditisation of bottled water. Only when all those four factors took place at the same time it was possible to have a thriving mineral water business, not before. Accordingly, when in the 1930s some of those conditionings changed, the bottled market sector started a sudden downturn period, which did not stop until the all four factors coincided in time again. / L'aigua mineral envasada ha aconseguit convertir-se en una mercaderia habitual que es pot trobar pràcticament arreu del món. No obstant això, tot i tractant-se d'un producte comú i reconegut, poc se sap sobre la seva història: com, quan i per què va arribar a ser el que és actualment. L'origen de l'aigua embotellada es remunta a l'Europa i l'Amèrica del segle XIX, moment en què alguns balnearis van començar a vendre aigua fora de les seves instal•lacions. No obstant això, aviat altres fonts que no tenien cap relació amb la hidroteràpia tradicional van començar també a envasar-ne. S'han descobert quatre condicions que expliquen per què l'aigua embotellada va començar a ser produïda en aquest moment i no un altre. Aquests factors són: l'existència d'un envàs adequat, la invenció d'un mitjà de transport eficient, la manca d'aigua salubre i una predisposició cultural i social. En coincidir aquestes quatre condicions en el temps, es van donar les circumstàncies perquè s'establissin les bases que desenvoluparien una indústria pròspera d'embotellament d'aigua mineral. Al mateix temps, en explorar cadascun d'aquests factors, s'ha trobat que la primera Edat d'Or de l'aigua mineral envasada a Catalunya va ocórrer aproximadament entre 1840 i 1930. En analitzar la hipòtesi general aplicada a aquest període i lloc, s'ha pogut provar la seva veracitat, la qual cosa vol dir que tots els condicionants abans esmentats són necessaris per a la comercialització de l'aigua embotellada. Només quan aquests quatre factors són coetanis és possible desenvolupar un sector d'aigua mineral envasada pròsper. En conseqüència, quan a la dècada de 1930 alguns dels factors esmentats van canviar, el mercat d'aigua envasada va entrar en un període de crisi que no es va aturar fins que les quatre condicions van tornar a coincidir en el temps.