Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:48:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_av_me_botfca.pdf: 762205 bytes, checksum: 1a231de04b5d58772485080e2c088804 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Este trabalho teve como objetivo prolongar a vida útil de lichias cv. ‘Bengal’ sob refrigeração provenientes de Carlópolis - PR, com o emprego do tratamento térmico em frutos refrigerados. Os frutos foram submetidos aos tratamentos: Imersão dos frutos em água a 45°C por: T – 1: controle; T – 2: 5 minutos; T – 3: 10 minutos; T – 4: 15 minutos; T – 5: 20 minutos e T – 6: 25 minutos. Depois de higienizados com 150ppm de cloro e secos, os frutos foram acondicionados em bandejas de poliestireno expandido e embalados com filme de policloreto de vinila 0,020mm, com 10 frutos cada uma (cerca de 200 gramas) e armazenados em B.O.D. a 5ºC e 90±5% de UR por 15 dias. Os frutos foram analisados quanto à avaliação visual, perda de massa fresca, firmeza, potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), acidez titulável (AT), sólidos solúveis (SS), relação SS/AT (“Ratio”), ácido ascórbico, açúcares redutores, respiração, coloração, atividade específica da polifenol oxidase - PPO (EC. 1.14.18.1) e da peroxidase – POD (EC. 1.11.1.7) logo após a colheita e na retirada da B.O.D. aos 3, 6, 9, 12 e 15 dias. O delineamento estatístico empregado foi inteiramente casualizado com três repetições por tratamento para cada um dos seis tempos de avaliação, utilizando-se o Teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Nas condições experimentais, pode-se concluir que o tratamento térmico aos 5 ou a 10 minutos/45ºC mostraram-se mais eficazes na manutenção da coloração dos frutos que é o fator mais importante na qualidade dos frutos de lichia e não causou modificações na qualidade da sua polpa. / This research was realized aiming to prolong the shelf life of the ‘Bengal’ lychees under refrigeration, from the Carlópolis city, PR State, Brazil, with the use of thermal treatments in refrigerated fruits. The fruits were subjected to the treatments: immersion in water to 45°C by: T - 1: control; T – 2: 5 minutes; T – 3: 10 minutes; T – 4: 15 minutes; T – 5: 20 minutes and T – 6: 25 minutes. After cleaned with 150 ppm of chlorine and dried, the fruits were packed in polystyrene trays and wrapped with polyvinyl chloride film 0,020 mm, with 10 fruits in each one (about 200 grams) and stored in B.O.D. to 5°C and 90±5% of RU by 15 days. The fruits were analyzed concerning the visual evaluation, loss of weight mass, firmness, hydrogenionic potential (pH), titulable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS), SS/TA relation (“Ratio”), ascorbic acid, reducing sugar, respiration, color, specific activity of the polyphenol oxidase – PPO (EC. 1.14.18.1) and peroxidase – POD (EC. 1.11.1.7) soon after the harvest and in the removal of the B.O.D. (in 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days).The statistical delineation used was completely randomized, with three replications by treatment for each one in the six times of evaluation, using the Tukey test to 5% of probability. In experimental conditions, can be conclude that the thermical treatments with 5 or 10 minutes/45°C showed more effective in maintaining the coloration of fruits, which is the most important factor in quality of the lychee fruits and did not cause changes in the quality of the pulp.

Drug resistance is a serious problem in health care in general, and in malaria treatment in particular, rendering many of our previously considered ‘wonder drugs’ useless. Recently, large sums of money have been allocated for the continuous development of new drugs to replace the failing ones. We seem to be one step behind the evolution of antimalarial resistance; is it possible to get one step ahead? Are interventions which slow down the evolution and spread of drug-resistant malaria parasites achievable? In this thesis, I address these issues with experimental data, using the well-established rodent malaria model Plasmodium chabaudi to understand the selective advantages and disadvantages drug-resistant parasites endure within a vertebrate host and the selective pressures various drug treatment regimes exert on these parasites. Competitive interactions between drug-resistant and drug-sensitive parasites were observed within the host, with resistant parasites having a competitive disadvantage in the absence of drug treatment. The frequency of resistant parasites at the start of the infection was an important determinant of the strength of selection: the lower their frequency, the stronger the competitive suppression in non-treated hosts and the greater their competitive release following drug treatment. Genetically similar genotypes, one resistant and one sensitive, showed similar dynamics following drug treatment. Multiplicity of infection did not have an effect on the within-host dynamics: a larger number of co-infecting susceptible genotypes did not lead to greater competitive suppression or release of resistant parasites. Lastly, various drug treatment regimes were compared. Conventional drug treatment resulted in the greatest selective advantage for drug-resistant parasites, while less aggressive treatments were equally as effective, or even better, at improving host health and reducing overall infectiousness. These studies demonstrate that altering the within-host ecology of drug-resistant parasites by administering drugs and hence removing the drug-sensitive competitors has a large influence on the transmission potential of drug-resistant parasites. Furthermore, this thesis provides proof of principle that other drug treatment regimes different from those currently in use could better control drug-resistant parasites, without compromising other treatment goals. In the case of malaria, less drugs may mean extending the useful lifespan of that drug.

Submitted by Caio Castanho Xavier null (caiounesp@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-29T19:19:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_versãofinal - Caio.pdf: 9229661 bytes, checksum: 257b6490f51832d9a3dc4786567f81c1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-03-30T18:09:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 xavier_cc_me_bauru.pdf: 9229661 bytes, checksum: 257b6490f51832d9a3dc4786567f81c1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-30T18:09:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 xavier_cc_me_bauru.pdf: 9229661 bytes, checksum: 257b6490f51832d9a3dc4786567f81c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O titânio, e as ligas baseadas nesse elemento, são amplamente utilizados como biomateriais, com aplicações tanto como implantes dentários quanto ortopédicos. Para isso, apresentam características importantes como: biocompatibilidade, resistência à corrosão, em geral baixo módulo de elasticidade e baixa densidade. O titânio possui uma temperatura de transformação alotrópica, que propicia o controle das propriedades da liga pela manipulação de sua microestrutura, através da adição de elementos de liga e/ou tratamentos térmicos. De fato, para ligas de titânio com uma composição definida, a realização de tratamentos térmicos, permite modificar a microestrutura da liga e, consequentemente, modificar as propriedades mecânicas do material em questão, fator essencial para o estudo em aplicações como um implante médico. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo detalhado de diferentes tipos de tratamentos térmicos de ligas do sistema Ti-Zr-Mo. Diferente de outros trabalhos da literatura, o estudo foi feito para cada tratamento térmico separadamente, analisando a microestrutura e a microdureza das ligas visando uma aplicação biomédica. Primeiramente, as ligas foram fundidas em um forno de fusão à arco voltaico, com quatro composições diferentes de liga: Ti-15Zr, Ti-15Zr-5Mo, Ti-15Zr-10Mo e Ti-15Zr-15Mo. Dessa maneira, pretendeu-se obter amostras com microestruturas de fase α, α+β e β. Através de uma análise por EDS, um estudo sobre a composição química das amostras foi realizado, sendo que, determinou-se que as ligas foram fundidas com uma boa qualidade e sem a presença de aglomerados ou segregados. A análise microestrutural foi realizada a partir de microscopias óptica e eletrônica de varredura. Para a liga Ti-15Zr, foi possível observar apenas a presença de uma estrutura acicular de fase α. Por outro lado, a liga Ti-15Zr-5Mo possui uma microestrutura de matriz β com finas agulhas de fase α nos contornos de grão. As ligas Ti-15Zr-10Mo e Ti-15Zr-15Mo apresentaram somente contorno de grão do tipo β. Para os tratamentos térmicos, houve um aumento de fase α nas condições tratadas por 600°C. No entanto, os tratamentos térmicos de 900°C e 1000°C demonstraram uma variação de fase na liga dependente do tipo de resfriamento realizado, onde o resfriamento lento obteve um crescimento de fase α. Através da análise da microdureza, percebe-se que em geral houve um aumento nos valores com o acréscimo de Mo e fase β na liga, sendo que, a liga Ti-15Zr apresentou uma microdureza entre 282-327 HV; a liga Ti-15Zr-5Mo de 331-390 HV; Ti-15Zr-10Mo apresentou valores entre 389-432 HV e a Ti15Zr-15Mo de 343-433 HV. / The element titanium and its alloys are widely used as biomaterials with applications in both dental implants as in orthopedics materials. Therefore, important features are required such as: biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, low values of Young modulus and low density. Also, titanium has an allotropic transformation temperature, which provides controlling the mechanical properties of the alloy. A microstructure manipulation can be achieved by the addition of certain alloying elements and heat treatments. In fact, for titanium alloys with a defined composition, heat treatments allow microstructure modification, hence alteration in the mechanical properties of the material, an essential subject for the study of medical implants applications. This study provides a detailed study of heat treatment conditions in a Ti-Zr-Mo system alloy. Unlike other papers in the literature, this study was done for each heat treatment separately, analyzing the microstructure and microhardness of the alloys for a biomedical application. First, the alloys were melted in an arc voltaic furnace, with four different alloys compositions: Ti-15Zr, Ti-15Zr-5Mo, Ti-15Zr-10Mo and Ti-15Zr-15Mo. In order to obtain samples with α, α+β and β phase microstructures. Through EDS analysis, a study on the chemical composition of the samples was performed. It was determined that the alloys were cast with good quality and without the presence of agglomerates or segregates. Microstructural analysis with optical microscopy and scanning electron was realized. For Ti-15Zr alloy, it was only possible to observe the presence of a lamellar structure composed of α phase. On the other hand, the Ti-15Zr-5Mo alloy has a microstructure of a β phase matrix with fine needle of α phases at the grain boundaries. The Ti-15Zr-10Mo and Ti-15Zr-15Mo alloys showed only beta type grain boundary. For the 600°C heat treatment conditions, it is noticed a growth in the α phase. However, for the 900°C and1000°C, there was a phase transition regarding the cooling rate of the heat treatment. The microhardness analysis shown that in general, microhardness increases with the Mo and β phase content of the alloy, where the Ti-15Zr alloy presented a microhardness (HV) between 282-327 HV; the Ti-15Zr-5Mo of 331-390 HV; the Ti-15Zr-10Mo showed values within 389-432 HV and the Ti15Zr-15Mo of 343-433 HV.

The durability of concrete structures is affected by a number of factors such as environmental exposure, electrochemical reactions, mechanical loading, impact damage and others. Of all of these, corrosion of the reinforcement is probably the main cause for the deterioration of steel reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Corrosion management is becoming increasingly necessary as a result of the growing number of ageing infrastructure assets (e.g. bridges, tunnels etc.) and the increased requirement for unplanned maintenance in order to keep these structures operational throughout their design life (and commonly, beyond). The main RC repair, refurbishment and rehabilitation approaches generally employed can be broadly categorised under a) conventional, b) surface treatments, c) electrochemical treatments and d) design solutions. The overarching aim of this research was to identify the key corrosion management techniques and undertake empirical investigations focused on full-scale RC structures to investigate their long-term performance. To achieve this, individual research packages were identified from the above broad five approaches for repair, replacement and rehabilitation. These were 1) Patch repairs and incipient anodes, 2) Impressed Current Cathodic Protection, 3) Galvanic Cathodic Protection and 4) Hydrophobic treatments. The selection of the above research packages was based on past and present use by the construction industry to repair, refurbish and rehabilitate RC structures. Their contributions may be broadly categorised as i) Investigations on how specific treatments and materials perform, ii) Investigations on the effectiveness of existing methods of measurements and developing alternatives, iii) Changes to the existing theory of corrosion initiation and arrest and iv) Changes to management framework strategies. The key findings from each research package can be summarised as follows: Macrocell activity appears to be a consequence rather than a cause of incipient anode formation in repaired concrete structures, as has previously been presented; ICCP has persistent protective effects even after interruption of the protective current; Discrete galvanic anodes installed in the parent concrete surrounding the patch repair are a feasible alternative to galvanic anodes embedded within the patch repairs of RC structures; Silanes may have a residual hydrophobic effect even after 20 years of service.

Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease that causes extreme dryness, or sicca,of the eyes and mouth, as well as other potential drying of the throat and intestines. Speech, voice, and swallowing problems are common in individuals with SS. Therefore, this study examined the possible changes in acoustic characteristics of monophthongs (/i, æ, α, u, ʌ/) in eight females with SS following laryngeal hydration treatments. An ABAB experimental design was implemented. Treatment consisted of nebulized isotonic saline immediately following completion of audio-recordings. Using acoustic analysis software the duration, formant frequencies, and vowel space area (VSA) was calculated for the participant's vowel productions. Overall the mean duration of the participant's vowel productions increased slightly from baseline measurements through the last treatment phase. Minimal deviations were observed in first and second formant frequency values throughout the study. Only minor differences were found in the participant's VSA from baseline phase of data collection through the final treatment phase, with most of these differences due to a change in the first formant of the /æ/ vowel. Despite the need for future research, the findings of this study increase understanding into how SS impacts speech production.

This research project aims to identify and acknowledge the various non-pharmacological interventions and treatments for both children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. This review will highlight the non-pharmacological interventions that are discussed in current research, the significance and potential impact it has on the field of social work, and the way in which this research proposal will be conducted. ADHD is a commonly known neurodevelopmental disorder that is often seen within children and adolescents. ADHD can be treated through prescription medication, non-pharmacological interventions, or a combination of both. Research indicates that non-pharmacological treatments/interventions have shown positive side effects or outcomes within children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. The data and research used for this research proposal will focus on current literature that discuss the various types of non-pharmacological interventions. In regards to the field of social work, this study will provide an insight to more holistic approach for social work practice rather than a pharmaceutical/medical one.

This dissertation presents the results of an investigation into the corrosion resistance of friction stir welding (FSW) for aerospace structures. Two of the most common aerospace aluminum alloys, 2024 and 7075, were investigated. In the as-welded condition, both alloys were found to be highly susceptible to exfoliation corrosion, and 7075 was found to be susceptible to stress corrosion cracking as well. The goal of this research was to identify proper initial temper selection and postweld aging treatments for enhancing the corrosion resistance of both 2024 and 7075 alloys, and their dissimilar joints. A large number of heat treatments were investigated for 7075 in the T6 and T73 tempers, including retrogression re-aging (RRA). Heat treatments were also investigated for 2024-T3 and 2024-T81. Samples were evaluated for resistance to exfoliation corrosion using optical microscopy. Microhardness, electrical conductivity, tension, and fatigue crack propagation tests were also performed on the samples. Beneficial heat treatments were found for both alloys as well as for their dissimilar joints. / "December 2005." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

This project examines how Nadya Suleman and Kate Gosselin were represented in the media following the births of their higher order multiples by conducting a critical textual analysis of newspaper and entertainment magazine articles to answer the following questions: How were Suleman and Gosselin portrayed as mothers? And how were they portrayed as recipients of reproductive technology? The findings illustrate that race and class combined with gender to play an important role in determining who has a right to be a mother and what that mother should look like. Traditional stereotypes within media coverage about good mothers and bad mothers reinforced prejudices about who deserves access to reproductive technology and who does not.

None

The World Health Organisation predicts that by 2020 depression will be the second highest cause of death and disability in the world (World Health Organisation, 2010). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been found to be the most suitable antidepressant for first-line treatment of a mood disorder (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2004), but less than half of all individuals achieve complete remission after therapy with a single antidepressant. Others display partial or intolerant responses to treatment (Nemeroff & Owens, 2002). This emphasises a need to develop alternative treatment options. There is evidence that micronutrients have fewer side effects than antidepressants (Dalmiya, Darnton-Hill, Schyltink & Shrimpton, 2009). Kaplan, Crawford, Field and Simpson (2007) suggest that errors in metabolism may result in unstable mood, leading to possible mood disorders. Mutation of metabolism is correctable by giving the malnourished individual additional vitamins thereby correcting metabolism and creating a more stable mood. An online survey completed by 661 participants (141 males, 520 females) assessed acceptance levels towards the use of micronutrients as an alternative treatment for mood disorders. As predicted, healthcare and medical professionals scored lower in acceptance (t(659)=3.12, p=0.002) and people who lead healthy lifestyles scored higher in acceptance (r=0.105, n=658, p <0.05). There were no significant effects of gender (t(659) =1.74, p=0.082), experience with mood disorders (F(3, 657)=0.86, p=0.46) or low household incomes (r=-0.066, n=661, p<0.05). Treatment users and providers alike seek more knowledge about the effectiveness of micronutrients and acceptance of micronutrients is largely granted on the basis of a combination treatment with conventional methods. The study is limited by an overrepresentation of females in the sample.