La présente recherche portant sur la courte randonnée pédestre en montagne, met en lumière le lien entre l'image et le risque qui y sont liés. La question est en fait de savoir si l'image de la randonnée pédestre en montagne accroît les risques pour les visiteurs ? De façon plus spécifique, il s'agit de comprendre l'influence de l'image touristique sur la prise de risque en randonnée pédestre, d'identifier les risques associés à la courte randonnée pédestre en montagne, définir ce qu'est l'image touristique et déterminer l'influence de cette dernière sur le choix de la randonnée. Considérant l'absence de littérature concernant ce problème social concret, une approche inductive a été choisie pour colliger les données. La méthode d'analyse inductive est d'ailleurs particulièrement adaptée pour la réalisation de projet à caractère exploratoire. Les données ont été collectées par l'entremise d'entretiens semi-dirigés réalisés auprès de randonneurs et de gestionnaires de sentiers ou de territoire. Par la suite, les données brutes ont été classées selon différents concepts, ce qui a permis la création d'arbres d'analyse pour présenter les résultats. Le lien entre le risque et l'image concernant le randonneur sera discuté en fonction de l'exactitude de l'information projetée par l'image et de l'effort nécessaire pour la reproduire, tout en prenant en considération l'équipement, la forme physique et les renseignements indispensables pour arriver à destination le plus sécuritairement possible. Sans oublier que même les plus aguerris ne sont pas à l'abri d'un accident ou d'un événement les mettant en péril. Les photos diffusées dans les médias sociaux et par l'industrie touristique ne présentent pas toujours ce qu'il faut traverser pour en arriver à de beaux paysages comme le type d'aménagement du sentier ou l'état de ce dernier. De la sensibilisation est déjà mise en place par les organisations pour tenter de prévenir les randonneurs dans le but d'inciter les gens à s'assurer du bon déroulement de leur activité. / The present research on short mountain hiking highlights the link between image and risk. The question is to know if the image of mountains hiking increases risks for visitors? This research thus aims to understand how the tourist image can push a hiker to take risks during a short hike in the mountains. More specifically, the aim is to understand the influence of the tourist image on risk-taking in hiking, to identify the risks associated with it, to define what the tourist image is and to determine its influence on the choice of hiking. Considering the lack of literature concerning this concrete social problem, an inductive approach was chosen to collect data. The inductive analysis method is particularly well suited for the realization of projects of an exploratory nature. Data was collected through semi-directed interviews with hikers and trail or site managers. Subsequently, the raw data was then classified according to different concepts, which allowed the creation of analysis trees to present the results. The link between risk and image for the hiker will be discussed in terms of the accuracy of the information projected by the image and the effort required to reproduce it, while taking into consideration equipment, physical fitness and the information needed to arrive at the destination as safely as possible. Not to mention that even the most knowledgeable are not immune to an accident or event that puts them at risk. Photos posted on social media and by the tourism industry do not always show what hikers have to go through to get to beautiful viewpoints such as the type of trail construction, the condition of the trail, etc. Awareness is already being raised by organizations trying to assist visitors in remaining safe.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-06-13T20:15:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Cilene de Souza Silva Freitas.pdf: 5512558 bytes, checksum: bbaf772cc94994704999d3f6ec796f9f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-13T20:15:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Cilene de Souza Silva Freitas.pdf: 5512558 bytes, checksum: bbaf772cc94994704999d3f6ec796f9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-12 / This research has aimed to use elements of the space of drainage basins in pedagogical activities of non-formal education. The goal is to assess the use of trekking both as an instrument to investigate the environmental perception of the students and as a pedagogic resource to problematize ecological concepts and socio-environmental questions by using a didactic sequence containing ?generating themes? regarding elements of a drainage basin. Non-formal spaces contribute to expand the student?s perspective of what Science is, different from the one usually presented at school ? one that is often closed, static, reductionist, and unquestionable, presenting an utilitarian view of the environment. We hope to have provided support to the construction of new values in this relation, widening the pedagogical space and uniting formal and non-formal education. The subjects of this research are students of two schools around UFRRJ, at Serop?dica, RJ. This research has happened in four phases. Phase I characterizes the articulation with schools and managers of the Parque Natural Municipal do Curi? Paracambi (PNMCP), RJ. Phase II concerns the observation and application of diagnosis-questionnaires with open and semi-open questions aiming to check the student?s previous environmental perception, their views on what living beings are, their preliminary notions of elements/concepts that involve a drainage basin and the water cycle, followed by classroom interventions: movie exhibitions and debates concerning pieces of news reported in the big media. Phase II comprises visitation to the trekking path for which a didactic sequence with previously established stops to discuss concepts and problematize socio-environmental questions with a Critical and Emancipatory approach has been developed. Phase IV concerns the reapplication of the diagnosis questionnaire. The activities performed had a pedagogical approach based on socio-interactionist and constructivist theories. This research had a primarily qualitative approach but quantitative analyses have been performed to a better reading of research data, mainly to compare initial and final questionnaires. By analyzing the path?s potentialities planner and the recorded audio, the data reveals that trekking has widened the environmental perception of the students. When final and initial questionnaires are compared, students present a better comprehension of questions involving concepts of Ecology and socio-environmental questions discussed during trekking. We can infer that students have come to perceive the insertion of man in the Environment, and that this does not only concern nature, but the urban environment, including anthropic modifications. We conclude that the Jequitib?-rosa path of the PNMCP has widened the comprehension students had as to the concept of living beings and the diverse interaction of those with the environment. Therefore, the use of educational ecological trekking, having as generating themes the elements of drainage basins, are excellent resources to an approach of Environmental Education from a Critic and Emancipatory perspective. / Esta pesquisa se prop?s a utilizar elementos dos espa?os de bacias hidrogr?ficas em atividades pedag?gicas de educa??o n?o formal. O objetivo ? investigar o uso das trilhas como instrumento para investigar a percep??o ambiental dos estudantes e como recurso pedag?gico para problematizar conceitos ecol?gicos e quest?es socioambientais atrav?s de uma sequ?ncia did?tica com ?temas-geradores? de elementos da bacia hidrogr?fica. Os espa?os n?o formais contribuem para que o estudante tenha uma vis?o de Ci?ncia ampliada, e diferente daquela muitas vezes veiculada na escola com teorias acabadas, de maneira est?tica, reducionista, utilitarista do meio ambiente e inquestion?vel. Esperou-se garantir suporte para constru??o de novos valores nessa rela??o, fazendo a amplia??o do espa?o pedag?gico e a uni?o entre educa??o formal e n?o formal. Os sujeitos da pesquisa s?o estudantes de duas Institui??es Escolares que se situam no entorno da UFRRJ, campus Serop?dica, RJ. Esta pesquisa se deu em quatro fases. A fase I, denominada de "Processo de entrada em campo", caracterizando toda a articula??o com as escolas e com os gestores do Parque Natural Municipal do Curi? Paracambi (PNMCP), RJ. A fase II englobou a observa??o e aplica??o do question?rio diagn?stico com perguntas abertas e semiabertas que objetivavam pesquisar a percep??o de meio ambiente, como este est? relacionado com a vida dos estudantes, do que os estudantes consideram como seres vivos, e as concep??es pr?vias de elementos/conceitos que envolvem a bacia hidrogr?fica e o ciclo hidrol?gico, seguida da interven??o em sala de aula com a exibi??o de filmes e debate com reportagens veiculadas na grande m?dia. A fase III, que englobou as visitas ? trilha onde desenvolvemos uma sequ?ncia did?tica com paradas pr?-estabelecidas para abordar conceitos e para problematizar quest?es socioambientais com uma abordagem Cr?tica e Emancipat?ria. A fase IV caracterizou-se pela reaplica??o do question?rio diagn?stico. As atividades realizadas tiveram uma abordagem pedag?gica apoiada nas teorias sociointeracionista e construtivista. A pesquisa teve car?ter prioritariamente qualitativo, mas tamb?m foram feitas an?lises quantitativas para melhor leitura dos dados da pesquisa, principalmente para compara??o dos resultados do question?rio inicial e final. Os dados revelam atrav?s da an?lise da planilha de potencialidades da trilha e dos ?udios gravados, que as atividades na trilha ampliaram a percep??o ambiental dos estudantes, e que comparado com a an?lise dos question?rios diagn?stico inicial e final, eles tiveram um avan?o no entendimento de quest?es que envolveram conceitos de Ecologia e quest?es socioambientais abordados ao longo das atividades na trilha. Pode-se inferir que os estudantes passaram a perceber a inser??o do homem no Meio Ambiente, e que este n?o se resume apenas a concep??o de natureza, surgindo assim, a ideia de ambiente urbano que inclui suas modifica??es antr?picas. Conclui-se que a trilha do Jequitib?-rosa do PNMCP ampliou a compreens?o dos estudantes sobre o conceito de seres vivos e as diversas intera??es destes com o meio ambiente. Portanto, depreende-se que as trilhas ecol?gicas educativas tendo como temas geradores os elementos da bacia hidrogr?fica s?o excelentes recursos para a abordagem de uma Educa??o Ambiental Cr?tica e Emancipat?ria.

This study investigates issues of changing recreation use and management in the Greenstone and Caples Valleys. Its underlying research themes are the differing characteristics and activities of four distinct user-groups, how such differences could contribute to conflict in recreation use and management, and the implications of such for management. The conceptual framework used to deal with these issues is the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS), which is based upon the assumption that quality in recreation experiences and management is best achieved through provision of a range of recreation opportunities. This recognises that objective research input into recreation management cannot substitute for the ultimate subjectivity required in decision-making. Management has two roles here. First, to maintain and/or enhance the range of recreation opportunities availible. Second, to provide users with appropriate signals regarding the availibility of opportunities, and the acceptable norms of use and behaviour. Thus user choice of area and activities undertaken within becomes more a consequence of management action. This differs from most recreation management to date, which has tended to be in response to changing conditions (eg'demand-driven'). The absence of an equitable management approach results in selective reduction of opportunities for certain experiences, as evident from research into effects of conflict/crowding perceptions. In contrast, approaches such as the ROS emphasise management for such opportunities. On this basis and from research results, this study found that maintenance of experiences associated with angling and hunting opportunities in the study area, should be the basis for its management. These opportunities were exploited by relatively more experienced participants. For anglers in particular this was reflected by their characteristics of high activity specialisation. Greater experience and specialisation involved more specific resource requirements and norms of appropriate behaviour. Thus opportunities for hunting and angling in the study area were more susceptible to negative impacts from other uses and users. These impacts would be greatest for angling experiences. This would be more a consequence of perceived inappropriate behaviour by less specialised anglers than a consequence of physical crowding. For hunters these impacts would be primarily a result of concern about the increased presence of others on hunting management, rather than their actual presence. Experiences from the tramping and commercial guided walking opportunities availible are also important, but their participants were relatively less experienced and their recreation opportunities less unique in the region. In the context of an equitable regional ROS approach, there is greater flexibility for their provision elsewhere than there is for experiences from hunting and fishing opportunities. For maintenance of a spectrum of opportunities in the regional ROS, these hunting and angling opportunities should be emphasised in management decision-making. Within the study area itself, management for a regional ROS requires that the Greenstone and Caples Valleys be managed differently. It was clear that the Caples was perceived as providing more 'back-country'-type experience opportunities. In the regional ROS context, management should emphasise maintenance of such opportunities there. Along with this should be noted the greater preference for the CapIes by hunters, and for the Greenstone by anglers.

Afrikaans Deneys Reitz, die derde van president F.W. Reitz se vyf oorlewende seuns, is op 2 April 1882 te midde van die politieke en ekonomiese ontwaking van die Vrystaat in Bloemfontein gebore. Hy het op die ouderdom van 17 by die Boeremagte aangesluit en doen hier die ondervindinge op wat hy later in sy eerste boek, Commando: A Boer journal of the Boer war, weergee. Met die sluit van vrede weier hy om die eed van getrouheid teenoor Brittanje af te lê en wend hom na Madagaskar waar hy onder meer as ‘n transportryer werk. Hy keer in 1903, op aandrang van Isie Smuts, na Suid-Afrika terug, kwalifiseer as ‘n prokureur en open ‘n prokureurspraktyk in die Noordoos-Vrystaatse dorp Heilbron. Gedurende die 1914-rebellie skaar hy homself aan die Botha-Smuts regering se kant en voer hy die Heilbronkommando aan teen die rebelle. Tydens die Eerste Wêreldoorlog sluit hy hom aanvanklik by Botha en Smuts in Duits-Suidwes-Afrika aan en daarna by die Britse leër in Brittanje. Hy spandeer die meeste van die Eerste Wêreldoorlog in die loopgrawe aan die Wesfront in Frankryk en vorder tot die rang van kolonel in bevel van ‘n bataljon van die First Royal Scots Fusiliers. Met sy terugkeer na Suid-Afrika in 1920 wend hy hom tot die politiek en as lid van die Suid-Afrikaanse Party verteenwoordig hy eers Bloemfontein-Suid (1920) en later Port Elizabeth. Vanaf 1929 verteenwoordig hy Barberton. Hy dien aanvanklik in die parlement as Minister van Lande, waar hy onder meer betrokke raak by wetgewing i.v.m. die totstandkoming van die Krugerwildtuin. Hy dien ook as Minister van Lande in die koalisie kabinet van J.B.M. Hertzog (1933) en daarna as Minister van Landbou en Bosbou (1935), Minister van Mynwese (1938), Minister van Naturellesake (1939) en as adjunkpremier in Smuts se Oorlogskabinet (1939-1943). Vir die periode van 1924 tot 1933 dien hy as deel van die amptelike opposisie, terwyl hy hoofsaaklik as ‘n prokureur in Johannesburg werk. In dié periode het hy ook uitgebreide private- en sakereise na onder meer Noord- en Suid-Rhodesië, die Belgiese Kongo en die Kaokoveld in Suidwes-Afrika onderneem. Sy bekendheid het hy grootliks verwerf uit die publikasie van sy herinneringe van die Anglo Boereoorlog, gepubliseer as Commando in 1929. Dit is erken as ‘n boek van uitstaande gehalte en word beskou as ‘n klassieke werk oor die Anglo-Boereoorlog. Die res van sy lewe, vanaf 1902 tot 1940, het hy in die boeke Trekking on en No outspan beskryf. Deneys Reitz was getroud met Leila Agnes Buissine Reitz (13/12/1887 – 29/12/1959). Sy was Suid-Afrika se eerste vroulike parlementslid en het Parktown verteenwoordig. Leila was veral by maatskaplike werk betrokke en het spesifiek op kinders en kindermisdadigers gefokus. Deneys en Leila het twee seuns gehad - Jan en Michael. Weens swak gesondheid word Reitz in 1943 as Hoë Kommissaris in Londen aangestel, waar hy in 1944 sterf. English Deneys Reitz, the third of president F.W. Reitz’s five living sons, was born in Bloemfontein on 2 April 1882 during the political and economical awakening of the Orange Free State. As a boy of seventeen he joined the Boer forces in the Anglo-Boer War, gaining the experience he set down in his first book, Commando: A Boer journal of the Boer war. After the peace he was an irreconcilable and lived as a transport rider in Madagascar, returning to South Africa in 1903 after prompting by Isie Smuts. He qualified as an attorney and practiced in the town of Heilbron in the north-east Free State. During the 1914 rebellion he commanded the Heilbron Commando against the rebels in support of the Botha-Smuts government. During World War I he first joined Botha and Smuts in German South West Africa and then in German East Africa, where after he enlisted with the British Army. He spent most of the First World War in the trenches in France, where he rose to command a battalion of the First Royal Scots Fusiliers. Upon his return to South Africa he entered Parliament in 1920 as a member of the South African Party, representing first Bloemfontein South (1920) and later Port Elizabeth. He represented Barberton from 1929. He initially held the portfolios of Lands (1923-24), becoming involved in developing legislation for the establishment of the Kruger National Park. He also served as Minister of Lands in the coalition government of J.B.M. Hertzog (1933), Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (1935), Minister of Mines (1938), Minister of Native Affairs (1939) and as deputy premier in Smuts’ War Cabinet (1939-1943). Reitz was a member of the formal opposition from 1924 to 1933, while also working as an attorney in Johannesburg. In this period he travelled extensively in both his private and official capacities to North and South Rhodesia, the Belgian Congo and the Kaokoveld in South West Africa. His real claim to fame, however, arises from his memoirs of the Anglo-Boer War, which he published under the title of Commando in 1929. This was immediately recognised as a work of outstanding quality and has become a South African classic on the Anglo Boer War. Later he wrote Trekking on and No outspan, continuing the story of his career. Deneys Reitz was married to Leila Agnes Buissine Reitz (13/12/1887 – 29/12/1959), the first South African women elected to parliament. She was member for Parktown. Leila, who was involved in welfare work, focused on children and delinquents. Deneys and Leila had two sons of their own - Jan en Michael. Due to ill health Reitz was appointed Union High Commissioner in London in 1943, where he later passed away. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted