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In this work, MEMS inertial switches intended to be triggered at multiple acceleration thresholds in two directions were implemented and proven effective. The switches consume virtually no power in their open switching state. Multiple acceleration thresholds can be beneficial in triggering different actions for different acceleration events. Low power consumption can aid in their use for portable applications such as in cycling helmets. The developed designs rely mainly on a suspended shuttle mass, which is used to implement one of two methods of actuation. The first relies on simple contact between the moving shuttle mass and a flexible electrode. In the second, the pull-in instability is induced by applying a voltage between a cantilever and an electrode, and then having the shuttle mass force the cantilever moving towards the electrode as it moves under the applied acceleration. Ten designs varying in their actuation method, suspension design, intended acceleration thresholds, and dimensions were modeled using a finite element model, fabricated, through the SOIMUMPs process, and then electrically and mechanically tested. Mechanical testing has been conducted using Drop-table tests and mechanical shakers. The simple contact devices were proven effective through shock test results showing triggering at two acceleration thresholds in two directions. Initial results also were promising for the pull-in based devices showing switching by moving their shuttle mass with a probe while applying appropriate voltage and observing under a microscope.

My work concentrates on feeding behavior of overwintering diapausing and post {--} diapausing bark beetles and developmental treshold. This is done either biochemically by measuring the enzymatic activity in the midgut and by assessing the feeding status from the size and consistence of the food bolus in the gut. Detailed knowledge of feeding behaviour and development treshold may help to predict the overwintering success of local populations with all the consequencies for spring dispersal and reproduction.

its boundaries, the recovery principle, patient's motivation and the case management provides the description of changes in client's motivation to abstain and f consequently, written down and recorded with the organization's internal system and was also carried out. The client's casuistry was chosen by method of ultimate selection, as it Studying the qualitative relation and its effects on client's transformation progress, it may client's positive relation with the counsellor could imply their occurrence. Further, aspects - - -

My work concentrates on feeding behavior of overwintering diapausing and post {--} diapausing bark beetles and developmental treshold. This is done either biochemically by measuring the enzymatic activity in the midgut and by assessing the feeding status from the size and consistence of the food bolus in the gut. Detailed knowledge of feeding behaviour and development treshold may help to predict the overwintering success of local populations with all the consequencies for spring dispersal and reproduction.

Cette thèse démontre que la dynamique d’intégration peut expliquer l’instabilité financière d’une économie. Sur le plan théorique, nous analysons les éventuelles non-linéarités dans l’effet de la libéralisation financière sur la stabilité externe. Sur le plan empirique, nous proposons les modèles à seuil comme alternative aux modèles linéaires conventionnelles. Notre thèse se subdivise en 4 chapitres. Le premier chapitre revisite le débat sur la nature de l’effet exercé par l’intégration financière sur la stabilité externe. Le second chapitre analyse l’intégration financière et la structure d’intermédiation dans les régions les plus assujettis à des sévères crises. Les crises financières majeures se sont survenues au sein de dynamiques non-optimales d’intégration. Le troisième chapitre présente deux modélisations régionales de la relation Intégration financière/Pressions spéculatives. La première démontre que la libéralisation financière accroit les pressions spéculatives au-delà d’un degré seuil. En outre, l’évolution au sein d’une dynamique non-optimale d’intégration accroit les tensions de change dès les premières étapes d’intégration. La seconde recherche préconise que l’effet « pressions spéculatives » du processus d’intégration dépend de la matrice (dynamique d’intégration/ structure financière). Les économies basées sur les crédits bancaires semblent être moins vulnérable aux tensions de change. Le dernier chapitre s’intéresse à l’effet de la dynamique d’intégration sur la vulnérabilité des économies du Moyen-Orient et d'Afrique du Nord aux crises de change. Le premier essai démontre que le maintien d’une dynamique optimale d’intégration retarde le changement structurel dans l’effet de la libéralisation financière sur les tensions de change. Le second essai signale que l’excès de la libéralisation financière constitue un déterminant de la stabilité de change. Désormais ce n’est plus le choix de la séquence d’intégration qui détermine la stabilité de change mais plutôt c’est le maintien d’une dynamique optimale d’intégration. Notre réflexion peut fournir les fondements d’une théorie de dynamique optimale d’intégration. / This thesis demonstrates that the integration dynamics can explain exchange instabilities. Theoretically, we discuss the possible non-linearity in the effect of financial liberalization. Empirically, we suggest the threshold models as an alternative to traditional linear models. Our thesis is divided into 4 chapters. The first chapter re-examines the debate on the financial liberalization impacts on external stability. The second chapter analyses the financial integration and the intermediation structure in the regions the most impacted by severe financial crises. These crises have been produced within non-optimal integration dynamics. Chapter three analyses two regional investigations of the relationship between financial integration and speculative pressures. The first analysis demonstrates that the financial integration increases the speculative pressures once the degree of financial liberalization exceeds a specific threshold. The second investigation suggests that the effect “exchange instabilities” of the financial integration process depends on the matrix financial structure versus liberalization dynamics. The bank-dominated systems seem to be less financially vulnerable than the market-dominated ones. The final chapter focuses on the effect of integration dynamics on MENA economies 'vulnerability to exchange crises. The first investigation suggests that the preservation of an optimal liberalization dynamic has delayed the structural break in the relationship between speculative pressures and financial liberalization. The second investigation outlines that the excess of financial liberalization constitutes an important determinant of exchange stability. It is no longer the choice of integration sequence which determines exchange imbalances, but rather the preservation of an optimal dynamic of integration. As a final contribution, our investigations can provide specific theoretical guidelines related to the optimal dynamic of integration

There are many aproaches to coexistence people from different culture, in the context of modern world. One of the aproaches is multicultural education. Significant attention has been given to multicultural education in school context, but only little attention has been given to multicultural education in context out of school environment. The aim of this work is presented view to field multicultural education in context out of school environment, specifically in youth club using the treshold principles. Main research method is semi-structure interviews with coordinators of youth club using the treshold priciples in Plzeňský and Karlovarský region, next method is document analysis.

There are many aproaches to coexistence people from different culture, in the context of modern world. One of the aproaches is multicultural education. Significant attention has been given to multicultural education in school context, but only little attention has been given to multicultural education in context out of school environment. The aim of this work is presented view to field multicultural education in context out of school environment, specifically in youth club using the treshold principles. Main research method is semi-structure interviews with coordinators of youth club using the treshold priciples in Plzeňský and Karlovarský region, next method is document analysis.

Thèse réalisée en cotutelle, sous la direction de M. Philippe Despoix (Université de Montréal) et de M. Michel Marie (Université Sorbonne Nouvelle-Paris 3) / Apparu au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale avec la publication en 1957 d’On the Road de Jack Kerouac et la sortie, 12 ans plus tard, d’Easy Rider de Dennis Hopper, le road novel et le road movie constituent à nos yeux les deux versants de ce que nous avons choisi de nommer le récit de la route. Devant l’absence de réelle étude conjointe entre les deux formes et la persistance d’amalgames, nous souhaitons mettre en évidence ce qui permettrait de distinguer le road novel et le road movie d’autres récits d’errance. Un tel travail nécessite la mise au jour d’un outil d’analyse intermédial permettant d’embrasser de concert des œuvres relevant d’expressions médiatiques différentes. Nous proposons donc de recourir au concept de chronotope développé par Bakhtine en littérature, et dont il a été démontré il y a peu qu’il est aussi susceptible de s’appliquer à un objet cinématographique. Nous posons que road novel et road movie reposent sur la combinaison d’un ensemble de chronotopes fondamentaux : celui de la route, dans le contexte de la motorisation et des non-lieux de la postmodernité, et celui du seuil, compris comme l’expression du tournant d’une vie. La présence d’une dimension parodique nous amène en outre à mobiliser un autre concept bakhtinien : celui de carnavalesque, qui s’articulerait justement autour des chronotopes de la route et du seuil définis précédemment. Afin de procéder à cette analyse chronotopique, nous nous appuyons sur un corpus d’œuvres empruntées au répertoire américain, québécois et allemand, en raison notamment des multiples passerelles susceptibles d’être érigées entre ces différentes cultures. / Appearing in the wake of World War II, with the publication in 1957 of On the Road by Jack Kerouac, followed 12 years later with the screening of Denis Hopper’s Easy Rider, the road novel and road movie constitute, we argue, two sides of what we call the road narrative. Faced with a lack of comprehensive studies embracing both sides concurrently, and with recurrent amalgams, we reflect on the components differentiating the road novel and road movie from other types of wandering stories. Such a project calls for the construction of an intermedial apparatus, enabling us to jointly encompass artworks belonging to different media formats. Consequently, we build on the concept of the chronotope, as developed by Bakhtin as a tool for literary criticism, and recently extended by scholars to cinematographic objects. We show how road novels and road movies emerge from the combination of two fundamental chronotopes: that of the road, exemplified by a postmodern universe dominated by motor vehicles and non-places, and that of the threshold, understood as the expression of a critical turn in one’s life. The noted presence of a parodic dimension in road narratives calls for the introduction of an additional bakhtinian concept: the carnivalesque, which, as we show, can be articulated in relation to the previously defined road and threshold chronotopes. For this chronotopical analysis, we selected artworks from the American, Quebecois and German repertoires, a choice justified by the numerous potential connections to be established between those three different cultures.

5 Abstrakt Objectives of the Paper Description of typical communication patterns amongst employees and different types of clients in Low-threshold Centre Drop In o.p.s. displayed on individual case studies; analysis of sub- sequently recorded communication using the methods and concepts of Transactional Analysis. Recommendations for more effective communication between staff and the clients. Integration of the paper as an annex to the Operational Manual of Low-threshold Centre Drop In o.p.s. as an educational document, examining specificities of communication, its pitfalls and difficulties, including promises and possibilities in the organization. Sample File Ten individual case reports, described in a form of multiple case studies, that represent the kinds of clients with whom staff of Low-threshold Centre Drop In o.p.s. often come into contact. The specific content of each case was shaped by compiling many real-life situations, showing particular clients' position. Data Processing Methods Content and form of communication was analyzed using the methods of Transactional Analy- sis, monitoring specific communication patterns, presented in a form of multiple case studies. Individual case reports were situationally analyzed using Transactional Analysis concepts and data were inserted into spreadsheet. Each...