Cell wall preparations of Trichophyton mentagrophytes were digested with chitinase following which various fractions were isolated by ultrafiltration and Sephadex gel filtration. All fractions isolated contained both polysaccharide and peptide material. A correlation was seen between those fractions capable of eliciting immediate and delayed skin reactions in sensitized guinea pigs and those capable of stimulating the ±n vitro proliferation of lymphocytes taken from sensitized guinea pigs. These immunologically active fractions also developed precipitin lines with antiserum taken from sensitized animals. Amino acid analysis of an immunologically active fraction of low molecular weight indicated that the peptide content comprised a limited array of amino acids. This fraction, found to be completely reactive immunologically (UM₂(a)), appeared to have a molecular weight in the range of 2,000-4,000 as assessed by ultrafiltration and gel filtration studies. This fraction, (UM₂(a)) was further degraded by treatment with either a combination of pronase and carboxypeptidase A or with trypsin. Peptides were separated from the carbohydrate-rich fraction by ultrafiltration. The carbohydrate-rich fraction retained the ability to induce both immediate and delayed skin reactions in sensitized guinea pigs and to stimulate the proliferation of sensitized lymphocytes in vitro. The peptide moieties retained reactivity in that they caused delayed reactions and lymphocyte proliferation but were unable to induce immediate or Arthus reactions in sensitized animals. Tryptic peptides from UM₂(a) were purified by ion exchange chromatography. A high proportion of these peptides demonstrated immunological activity at both the cellular and humoral level since they were capable of inducing delayed reactions and/or lymphocyte transformation, as well as being capable of blocking the complement fixation reaction between UM₂(a) and specific antiserum. / Science, Faculty of / Microbiology and Immunology, Department of / Graduate

The relatively poor immunogenicity of proteinaceous materials obtained from dermatophytes has been demonstrated. The use of incomplete Freund's adjuvant failed to enhance antibody formation to mold antigens. Many cross-reactions occurred between the antisera of rabbits immunized with various antigenic preparations from dermatophytes, as demonstrated by cross-precipitin tests and skin testing. The occurrence of common antigens among the dermatophytes has been confirmed. Pleomorphic strains did not differ markedly in their immunogenicity as compared to their respective non-pleomorphic strains. Skin testing, upon rabbits with dermatophytic antigens elicited responses which were either of the immediate or of the delayed type. Indications were obtained that toxic principles were present in some of these antigens. Skin tests provided better evidence of differentiation between various species and strains than did the precipitin tests. / Science, Faculty of / Microbiology and Immunology, Department of / Graduate

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1978 A43 / Master of Science

Submitted by Cássio da Cruz Nogueira (cassionogueirakk@gmail.com) on 2017-01-30T13:57:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertaca_ValidacaoAtividadeAntifungica.pdf: 2825671 bytes, checksum: 6f18d342d49cb45885df6f1717b7c911 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2017-02-01T12:05:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertaca_ValidacaoAtividadeAntifungica.pdf: 2825671 bytes, checksum: 6f18d342d49cb45885df6f1717b7c911 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-01T12:05:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertaca_ValidacaoAtividadeAntifungica.pdf: 2825671 bytes, checksum: 6f18d342d49cb45885df6f1717b7c911 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-29 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Os nitrocompostos foram empregados na terapêutica a partir da década de 40, quando foram amplamente sintetizados e testados frente a diversas doenças assim como a descoberta de seus efeitos citotóxicos. Deste modo foram estudados diversos grupos, derivados e análogos que pudessem se mostrar mais seguros e eficazes. Alguns estudos mostraram que os nitroestirenos, a exemplo do nitrofenileteno possuem diversas atividades biológicas como: antifúngica, antibacteriana, anti-inflamatória, antinoceptiva, etc. Associado a isto, atualmente, há um crescente interesse em novos agentes antifúngicos. Dentre os fungos do gênero Aspergillus o mais comuns é o Aspergillus fumigatus o qual é transmitido através do ar causando infecções denominadas de aspergiloses. Outros fungos com relevância na clínica são os dermatófitos que causam diversas doenças de pele e seus anexos, sendo o Trichophyton mentagrophytes bastante prevalente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi validar a estrutura química de nitroestirenos sintetizados em nível de bancada e testá-los como antifúngicos em duas espécies de fungos, entre eles um filamentoso oportunista e um dermatófito, assim como testar os efeitos sinérgicos entre os nitroestirenos obtidos com anfotericina B. Os resultados mostraram que espectros de Infravermelho e Ressonância Magnética Nuclear 1H dos análogos nitroestirenos correspondem com a estrutura proposta. O teste in vitro de microdiluição demonstrou atividade antifúngica dos nitroestirenos, pois foi obtida a CIM do composto 4’-metil-1-nitro-2-fenileteno (7B) na concentração de 0,05 mg/mL frente ao A. fumigatus. Já para a espécie T. mentagrophytes o composto com melhor atividade foi 4’-metoxi-1-nitro-2-fenileteno (7C) com a CIM de 0,22 mg/mL. Com relação à análise da combinação entre AB e os nitroestirenos, in vitro, pelo teste do checkerboard se mostrou antagonista para o composto 7A e 7C e indiferente para o composto 7B frente à cepa padrão de A. fumigatus. / Nitro compounds have been used in therapy from the 40s, when they were widely synthesized and tested against various diseases as well as the discovery of their cytotoxic effects. Thus different groups, derivatives and analogs which could prove safer and more effective were studied. Some studies have shown that nitrostyrenes, like the nitrofenileteno possess diverse biological activities such as antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antinoceptive, etc. Additonally, there is currently a growing interest in new antifungal agents. Among the fungi of the genus Aspergillus is the most common Aspergillus fumigatus which is transmitted through the air causing aspergillosis. Dermatophytes are clinically relevant and cause various skin diseases, Trichophyton mentagrophytes being quite prevalent. The objective of this study was to validate the chemical structure of synthesized nitrostyrenes and evaluate its antifungal activity in two species of fungi, including a filamentous dermatophytes and opportunistic as well as evaluation of the synergistic effects among nitrostyrenes and amphotericin B (AB). The results confirm the infrared spectral and nuclear magnetic resonance of 1H nitrostyrenes analogues as correspond with the proposed structure. Test microdilution demonstrated in vitro antifungal activity of nitrostyrenes with MIC values for 4'-methyl-1-nitro-2- phenylethene (7B) of 0,05 mg/ml against A. fumigatus. For T. mentagrophytes the most active compound was 4'-methoxy-1-nitro-2-phenylethene (7C) with MIC of 0,22 mg/mL. Regarding the analysis of the combination of AB and nitrostyrenes in vitro by the checkerboard test showed antagonist compound 7A and 7C. The 7B compound was indifferent against the standard strain of A. Fumigatus.

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2018-06-18T14:44:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Adriano de Santana Leal.pdf: 1268535 bytes, checksum: 8c99ca6fceca2937628813239c097e09 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-18T14:44:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Adriano de Santana Leal.pdf: 1268535 bytes, checksum: 8c99ca6fceca2937628813239c097e09 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-16 / The aim of this study was to standardize a multiplex PCR (mPCR) reaction to detect Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and the Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex in fur and/or crusts samples of dogs and cats. 250 samples were analyzed by direct examination and culture; The DNA from these samples was extracted using the DNeasy Blood & Tissue extraction kit (QIAGEN®, Hilden-Germany). For the PCR, primers were designed for the M. canis, M. gypseum and T. mentagrophytes species and the DNA extracted from colonies of M. canis (URM 6273), M. gypseum (URM 6921) and T. mentagrophytes (URM 6211) from the Collection of Cultures of the Micoteca of the Mycology Department of the Biological Sciences Center of the Federal University of Pernambuco, were utilized as positive controls. A PCR for the detection of M. canis and an mPCR for the detection of M. canis, M. gypseum and the T. mentagrophytes complex was standardized. The protocols standardized in this study, from drawn primers, showed good sensitivity and high specificity in the detection of M. canis, M. gypseum and T. mentagrophytes directly from samples of fur and/or crusts of dogs and cats, making possible a faster and specificity in the results, can be used in the laboratory routine as methods capable of speeding the detection of the agents in question. / Objetivou-se neste estudo padronizar uma reação do tipo multiplex PCR (mPCR) para detectar Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum e o complexo Trichophyton mentagrophytes em amostras de pelos e/ou crostas de cães e gatos. Foram analisadas 250 amostras por meio de exame direto e cultura; o DNA destas mesmas amostras foi extraído utilizando-se o kit de extração DNeasy Blood & Tissue (QIAGEN®, Hilden - Germany). Para a PCR foram desenhados primers para as espécies M. canis, M. gypseum e T. mentagrophytes e como controle positivo da reação utilizou-se o DNA extraído de colônias de M. canis (URM 6273), M. gypseum (URM 6921) e T. mentagrophytes (URM 6211), provenientes da Coleção de Culturas da Micoteca do Departamento de Micologia do Centro de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Padronizou-se uma PCR para detecção de M. canis e uma mPCR para detecção de M. canis, M. gypseum e o complexo T. mentagrophytes. Os protocolos padronizados neste estudo, a partir de primers desenhados, apresentaram boa sensibilidade e alta especificidade na detecção de M. canis, M. gypseum e T. mentagrophytes diretamente de amostras de pelos e/ou crostas de cães e gatos, viabilizando um diagnóstico mais rápido e específico, podendo ser empregados na rotina laboratorial como métodos para agilizar a detecção dos agentes estudados.

Orientador: Cristiane Angélica Ottoni / Resumo: A utilização de nanopartículas de prata (AgNP) biológicas nos dias atuais é uma alternativa promissora frente as obtidas por via sintética (VS), uma vez que, não geram resíduos em seu processo de síntese e possuem superfície revestida por proteínas que viabilizam sua incorporação em diversos compostos comerciais, sendo os fármacos os de maior destaque. O efeito do descarte de AgNP sintéticas no meio ambiente é atualmente fonte de investigação de diversos grupos de pesquisa, entretanto, são restritas as informações associadas as AgNP biológicas. Diante deste contexto, o presente estudo utilizou a AgNP IBCLP20 biossintetizada pelo fungo Aspergillus niger para avaliar a sua ação antimicrobiana e efeito tóxico em ambiente aquático dulcícula utilizando organismos pertencentes a diferentes níveis tróficos. Nos ensaios antimicrobianos a AgNP IBCLP20 apresentou excelente ação antibacteriana em uma faixa de concentração de 5 a 100 µg/mL e ação antifúngica na faixa de concentração de 20 a 100 µg/mL. A densidade celular da microalga Chrorella vulgaris, quando exposta a AgNP IBCLP20 e ao sal precursor AgNO3, na maior concentração analisada (100 uM/mL) e após 96 horas de incubação, apresentou uma taxa de redução de 34,4% e 85,71%, respectivamente. Nas mesmas condições supracitadas, só foi detectada viabilidade celular da microalga quando exposta a AgNP biológica (65,38%). A letalidade média em D. silimis causada pelas AgNP IBCLP20 foi estimada a uma concentração de 4,06 μg/L (2,29 -6,42).... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The use of biological silver nanoparticles (AgNP) today is a promising alternative compared to those obtained synthetically (VS), since they do not generate residues in their synthesis process and have a surface coated with proteins that enable their incorporation in several commercial compounds, with drugs being the most prominent. The effect of discarding synthetic AgNP in the environment is currently a source of investigation for several research groups, however, information associated with biological AgNP is restricted. In this context, the present study used the AgNP IBCLP20 biosynthesized by the fungus Aspergillus niger to evaluate its antimicrobial action and toxic effect in aquatic dulcicle environment using organisms belonging to different trophic levels. In antimicrobial tests, AgNP IBCLP20 showed excellent antibacterial action in a concentration range of 5 to 100 µg / mL and antifungal action in the concentration range of 20 to 100 µg / mL. The cell density of the microalgae Chrorella vulgaris, when exposed to AgNP IBCLP20 and the precursor salt AgNO3, in the highest concentration analyzed (100 uM / mL) and after 96 hours of incubation, showed a reduction rate of 34.4% and 85.71 %, respectively. Under the same conditions mentioned above, cell viability of the microalgae was only detected when exposed to biological AgNP (65.38%). The average lethality in D. silimis caused by AgNP IBCLP20 was estimated at a concentration of 4.06μg/L (2.29 -6.42). , The physiological ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Tinea pedis is a chronic fungal infection of the feet, very often observed in patients who are immuno-suppressed or have diabetes mellitus. The practicing allergist may be called upon to treat this disease for various reasons. Sometimes tinea infection may be mistaken for atopic dermatitis or allergic eczema. In other patients, tinea pedis may complicate allergy and asthma and may contribute to refractory atopic disease. Patients with recurrent cellulitis may be referred to the allergist/immunologist for an immune evaluation and discovered to have tinea pedis as a predisposing factor. From a molecular standpoint, superficial fungal infections may induce a type2 T helper cell response (Th2) that can aggravate atopy. Th2 cytokines may induce eosinophil recruitment and immunoglobulin E (IgE) class switching by B cells, thereby leading to exacerbation of atopic conditions. Three groups of fungal pathogens, referred to as dermatophytes, have been shown to cause tinea pedis: Trychophyton sp, Epidermophyton sp, and Microsporum sp. The disease manifests as a pruritic, erythematous, scaly eruption on the foot and depending on its location, three variants have been described: interdigital type, moccasin type, and vesiculobullous type. Tinea pedis may be associated with recurrent cellulitis, as the fungal pathogens provide a portal for bacterial invasion of subcutaneous tissues. In some cases of refractory asthma, treatment of the associated tinea pedis infection may induce remission in airway disease. Very often, protracted topical and/or oral antifungal agents are required to treat this often frustrating and morbid disease. An evaluation for underlying immuno-suppression or diabetes may be indicated in patients with refractory disease.