Die neuen TRIP-Matrix-Composite-Werkstoffe - verstärkt durch mit MgO teilstabilisiertem ZrO2 - gestatten es, durch die Besonderheiten der beteiligten Phasen eine gute Eigenschaftskombination hinsichtlich hoher Festigkeits- und Dehnungswerte zu erzielen. Aus diesem Grund ist die vorliegende Arbeit der Erforschung wissenschaftlicher Grundlagen zur Herstellung von TRIP-Matrix-Compositen sowie zur Analyse deren Eigenschaften in Abhängigkeit von den unterschiedlichen pulvermetallurgischen Herstellungsverfahren, wie konventionelles und konduktives Sintern sowie Heißpressen gewidmet worden. Als Ergebnis ist ein tieferes Verständnis der Kinetik von Sinterprozessen mit dem Aufbau eines physikalisch-mathematischen Modells festzuhalten. Ferner wurden mit weiterführenden Untersuchungen erste Ansätze zur Auslegung von Warmumformprozessen von gesinterten Halbzeugen aus dem Verbundwerkstoff durch quantitative Beschreibung der Entfestigungskinetik geleistet.

In the context of sustainable development, steelmakers and automotive manufacturers decided for some years now to join their efforts to promote the development and use of advanced high strength steels such as the present TRIP steels in order to reduce the fuel consumption and emission of greenhouse gas. These multiphase steels contain some retained austenite, a ductile phase that can transform into hard and brittle martensite during a mechanical solicitation. One the one hand, this transformation improves the mechanical properties during plasticity by bringing about an additional work-hardening. On the other hand, the appearence of a hard and brittle phase can give rise to premature cracking after necking. Knowing the good influence of martensitic transformation on the work-hardening, this Thesis starts with the characterisation of the relationship between transformation rates and testing conditions. It appears that, for each testing condition, there is an optimum austenite stability that leads to a maximum uniform strain. After necking under monotonic loading conditions, the damage mechanisms that takes place in these steels has been characterised. It can be concluded that the TRIP-aided steels that present low or moderate austenite stability behave exactly like Dual-Phase steels, in which martensite replaces retained austenite. However, a very stable retained austenite brings about a significant toughness improvement by providing an additional work-hardening contribution in the necking zone. The mechanical behaviour of these steels has also been characterised under cyclic loading conditions. The results indicate that, for particular loading conditions (i.e. low load levels), the martensitic transformation improves the fatigue properties.

In recent years, the development of multi-core CPUs and GPUs with many cores has taken precedence over an increase in clock frequency. Therefore, writing parallel programs for multi-core and many-core systems becomes increasingly important. Due to the lack of inherently parallel language features in most programming languages, today many programs are written sequentially and then enhanced with special pragmas or framework calls hinting parallelizable parts of code. This hints are then used to modify and extend the code with parallel constructs in a preprocessing step. If it is crucial to optimize the run time of a program, the code generated by this step has to be inspected an manually tuned. To keep the original and the transformed code artifacts synchronized, an editor with a round-trip engineering (RTE) system can be used. RTE propagates changes made in the source artifacts to the generated artifacts and vice versa. One tool that can be used to expand pragmas to parallelized source code is the invasive software composition framework SkAT. SkAT-based tools use reference attribute grammars (RAGs) to compose code fragments according to a composition program written in Java. To facilitate the creation of SkAT-based tools, a minimal composition system framework SkAT/Minimal on to of the SkAT core contains mechanisms to enable the incremental building of such tools. The principle of island parsing is employed to be able to express just as much of a language as is necessary for composition. In this work, composition systems based on SkAT/Minimal are targeted. The task is split into two parts: first, approaches for RTE are analyzed and a concept for a RTE system is created. The focus lies on the analysis of features and requirements of existing RTE approaches and a thorough investigation of all relevant steps required to implement such a system for SkAT/Minimal. The second part of the task is the creation and evaluation of a prototypical implementation of the system.

This mixed- assembly space is designed as a permanent mission trip training and housing facility. Predominately the space will be used by middle school and high school youth. By creating a modern experience, teens are given a better opportunity to engage in a space they can relate to. It becomes a space where young people feel encouraged to share their feelings, beliefs and desires as they journey into a closer, more intimate relationship with a higher being. The space is intended to serve a transient population. A large portion of the first floor is devoted to communal gathering which provides a space dedicated to praise and worship as well as an adjacent space for dining. The space also features lounge areas, a welcome center, restrooms and locker rooms, and spaces for lodging. This project is an exploration of story-telling and how it can both impact and encourage a space. The idea behind the project is to help teenagers focus on something they cannot see or touch. Design strategies including connections, interactions, processions and transitions become very influential to the space.

The main reason for the choice of the topic "business trip" and the focus of that particular sector of labour-law is, that most of us will actually enter an employment relationship one day. The concept of a business trip is well known by the public, yet the specific legal regulations of the conditions of sending employees for a business trip and providing travel cost reimbursement, contained in the Labour Code, are not known as well. The general concept of the business trip and its kinds (domestic and foreign business trip) and the closely related terms such as the place of work and regular place of work are the main concern of the first part of my thesis. The focus then shifts onto the conditions of sending employees for business trip, specifically onto the agreement with the employee and its historical development, duration of a business trip and other conditions like the start time and the end of a business trip or means of transport and accommodation. The thesis continues with the focus on the process of a business trip, describing work assignment, working hours and interruption of business trip, furthermore describes the instructions for a business trip with the orientation on the definition of the chief employee and the practice of the courts in this issue. Towards conclusion my thesis concerns travel...

A leitura dos produtos deixados por uma viagem nos contam várias histórias, mais do que detalhes da expedição, a forma como o registro foi elaborado nos informa mais sobre o autor, o seu tempo, suas ideias, seus laços. A busca por entender uma época, suas contribuições para a história da arquitetura, das artes, das cidades, das perspectivas formadas num espaço de tempo encontra muitos indícios nas narrativas de viagem deixada por seus personagens. O registro de viagem é compreendido aqui não só como causalidade, mas como momento de produção de perspectivas, de transformação e invenção da história. O registro não é interpretado como notação asséptica, mas em toda a sua fatura, suas escolhas representativas e a expressão que delas decorrem. Dentre essas viagens, a pesquisa toca a experiência brasileira, de modernidade e de alteridades. Uma viagem para muitos viajantes, recortamos o ano de 1924, da incursão a Minas Gerais, de um poeta, um escritor, uma pintora e um arquiteto, como ponto em comum, que marca o início de uma trajetória de pesquisa que esteve presente nas viagens de Blaise Cendrars, Mário de Andrade, Tarsila do Amaral e Lucio Costa. Esse marco comum começa a formular visões de um mesmo Brasil, impulsionando ora novas experiências, repetindo o mesmo método, ora pela via da memória, pelo processo reflexivo, que não é, senão, também uma viagem. Interpretar as peculiaridades e a formação de um grupo mais ou menos coeso a partir da participação dos quatro personagens, através da mediação que cada um faz do sistema espaço-registro-experiência. / The reading of the products left by a trip tell us many stories, more than journey details, the way the record was elaborated tell us more about the author, their time, their ideas, their ties. The pursuit for learning an age, its contribuitions for the architecture history, for arts, for the cities, for the perspectives formed in a space of time finds many clues in the trip narratives left by their characters. The travelogues are understood not only as causality, but as moment of forming prospects, of transformation and history invention. The record is not interpreted as an aseptic note não, but in their whole facture, their representatives choices and expressions. Among these trips, the research touches the brazilian experience of modernity and otherness. One trip for many travellers. It was elected the year of 1924, the trip to Minas Gerais, taken by a writer, an intelectual, an painter and an architect, that have a common view which marks the beginning of a research trajectory that has been present in the Blaise Cendrarss, Mário de Andrades, Tarsila do Amarals and and Lucio Costas htrips for many years after these. This common mark begins forming differents views of a same Brazil, propelling either new experiences, repeating the same method, or by the memory way, by the reflexive process, wich is notting but also a trip. Interpret the peculiarities and the formation of a somewhat cohesive group from the four characters participation, through the mediation that each one does about the system: space-recording-experience.

Relatam-se e discutem-se resultados obtidos em ações de uma tentativa para mostrar que o formato da seção transversal de rodovias pode ser usado para explicar uma parcela do comportamento de pavimentos e qualidade de viagens em estradas vicinais. Incluiu-se o uso de medidas sobre variáveis para explicação de estado de equipamentos para drenar água das vias. O tipo de variável usada para explicar o comportamento de pavimentos e qualidade de viagens foi a distribuição de notas atribuídas a viagens por segmentos de rodovias por um grupo de avaliadores treinados. A técnica estatística usada para análise dos dados foi a regressão linear múltipla passo a passo. Relata-se resultados de aplicação a um estudo de caso sobre um conjunto de rodovias vicinais próximo à Araraquara, estado de São Paulo. / lt is related and discussed the results from actions in an attempt to show that the format of the cross section of highways can be used to explain the behavior of the pavements and quality of trips in local highways. Measures on variables to explain the state of drainage equipments was taking into account. The variable used to explain the behavior of pavements and quality of trips was the distribution of scores attributed to the highway segments trips by a group of trained appraisers. The statistical technique used to analyze the data was the multiple linear step-by-step regressions. lt is told the application results to a case study on a set of local highway segments near the city of Araraquara, State of Sao Paulo.

Esta pesquisa se baseia em dados obtidos a partir do registro das interações comunicativas entre monitor e alunos, dos ensinos fundamental e médio, envolvidos em atividades realizadas em duas saídas de campo, uma para Cananeia-SP e outra para Paraty-RJ. Entre as várias atividades realizadas, investigamos aquelas mais similares às aulas formais na escola, que compreendem os momentos em que os monitores interagem com os alunos para desenvolver determinados conteúdos, nesse caso, conteúdos relacionados ao ambiente visitado. Esses momentos são denominados de aula de campo. Nosso objetivo foi analisar e caracterizar as diferentes formas em que o conteúdo científico foi trabalhado pelos monitores em trechos de três aulas de campo, considerando os enunciados produzidos (operações epistêmicas) e os objetos introduzidos no discurso. Para isso, investigamos aulas de dois monitores diferentes. Para a análise, foram utilizados três conjuntos de categorias que compreendem a dimensão epistêmica de um sistema analítico proposto por Mortimer, Massicame, Tiberghien e Buty, e adaptado por Silva, sendo feitas algumas alterações para este trabalho. A formulação das categorias foi baseada em concepções como Gênero do Discurso e Linguagem Social de Bakhtin, sendo considerado também o conceito de Práticas Epistêmicas proposto por Kelly. Essas categorias epistêmicas caracterizam alguns aspectos do discurso e da linguagem empregados durante o desenvolvimento do conteúdo; o conjunto operações epistêmicas diz respeito aos enunciados produzidos, designa ações como descrever, generalizar e exemplificar. O conjunto modelagem indica se o discurso está tratando de um objeto ou evento capaz de ser reconhecido no meio material, ou se faz uso de elementos criados por meio do discurso científico. E o nível de referencialidade caracteriza o uso de um referencial específico ou uma classe de referentes. Os dados foram coletados por meio de gravadores de áudio, sendo transcritos para a análise e codificação das categorias. As análises foram organizadas em Mapas de Categorias Epistêmicas e em Mapas de Percentuais de Tempo, por episódio. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que, independentemente do conteúdo trabalhado e da operação epistêmica empregada, o mundo dos objetos e eventos predominou em praticamente todo o tempo de discurso; assim, mesmo conteúdos como a adaptação dos organismos foram trabalhados quase que exclusivamente a partir de objetos e eventos, que podem ser, de alguma forma, observados, percebidos ou mensurados. Na maior parte do tempo, o discurso também permaneceu fazendo referência a sistemas específicos, principalmente aos sistemas visitados, mesmo quando os monitores fizeram uso de generalizações conhecidas para descrever elementos daqueles sistemas. De todos os episódios analisados, apenas um teve o objetivo de alcançar uma generalização sobre um evento, e outro tratou de dois eventos a partir de situações hipotéticas que poderiam ser consideradas para qualquer ecossistema similar ao visitado. No entanto, mesmo nessas duas situações, a caracterização geral do ecossistema ou do fenômeno específico foi necessária para o desenvolvimento do conteúdo. A descrição foi a operação epistêmica mais empregada, formando a base da caracterização dos ambientes visitados. / This research is based on data obtained from the recording of communicative interactions between field trip educators and middle to high school students involved in activities on two field trips, one in Cananeia- SP and another in Paraty- RJ. Among the various field trip activities, we investigated those most resembling formal lessons at school, which are the moments in which the educators interact with students in developing a given subject, in this case, related to the visited environment. These moments are called field classes. Our aim was to analyze and characterize the different ways in which the scientific content was developed in three field classes, considering the utterances produced (epistemic operations) and the objects introduced in the discourse. To do this, we investigated classes from two different educators. For the analysis, three sets of categories were used, comprising the epistemic dimension of an analytical system proposed by Mortimer, Massicame, Tiberghien and Buty, and adapted by Silva, with some changes having been made for this work. The formulation of the categories was based on concepts such as Gender Discourse and Social Language, proposed by Bakhtin. We also considered Kelly\'s concept of Epistemic Practices. These \"epistemic categories\" characterize some aspects of the discourse and language employed during the development of content; epistemic operations refer to the enunciations produced, designating actions such as to describe, to generalize and to exemplify. Modeling indicates whether the discourse deals with an object or event that can be recognized in the material medium or uses elements created by the scientific discourse. The level of referentiality pertains to the use of a specific reference or a class of references. Data were collected by means of audio-recordings, which were transcribed for analysis and the coding of categories. Analyses were organized into Maps of Epistemic Categories and Maps of Percentage of Time, per episode. The results showed that regardless of the content and epistemic operation employed, the world of objects and events was prevalent in almost all discourse time, even content such as the adaptation of organisms were dealt with almost exclusively based on objects and events, that could be, somehow, observed, perceived or measured in the material world. Most of the time, the discourse also kept to specific systems, especially the visited ones, even when the educators used known generalizations to describe elements of those systems. From all the analyzed episodes, only one had the goal of achieving a generalization about an event, and another addressed two events from hypothetical situations that could be considered similar to that of any ecosystem. However, even in these two situations, the general characterization of the ecosystem or the specific phenomenon was necessary for the development of content. Description was the predominant epistemic operation, forming the basis of the characterization of the visited environments.

Este trabalho relata e discute resultados obtidos em tentativa para mostrar que a distribuição de notas atribuídas às viagens por segmentos de rodovias, o formato da seção transversal e medidas sobre variáveis que classifiquem o estado ou funcionamento de equipamentos para drenar água de chuva, podem classificar e identificar informações que contribuam na manutenção ou construção de componentes de vias. Estas informações podem tornar possíveis melhorias nos serviços prestados pela superfície de pavimentos ao tráfego de veículos, e, por conseqüência, na qualidade de viagens por rodovias. O processo usado foi identificar e quantificar índices que expressam medidas de solicitação em equipamentos para drenar. O manuseio e análise ele dados adotaram métodos estatísticos para obter parâmetros de conseqüências de obras ou assemelhados que alterem a condução de água. O estudo de caso, usado para obtenção de argumentos que orientaram o trabalho, adotou um conjunto ele rodovias vicinais, localizado próximo à Araraquara, estado ele São Paulo, onde um grupo de pesquisadores levantou dados e analisou qualidade de viagens, pavimentos, geometria e drenagem. / It is related and discussed the results from actions in an attempt to show that the scores to trips on highways, the format of the cross section of highways and surveys on variables that classify drainage equipments can be used to classify information that contributes to maintenance and construction decisions. Measures on variables to explain the state of drainage equipments was taking into account. The variable used to explain the behavior of pavements and quality of trips was the distribution of scores attributed to the highway segments trips by a group of trained appraisers. The statistical technique used to analyze the data was the multiple linear step-by-step regressions. lt is told the application results to a case study on a set of local highway segments near the city of Araraquara, State of Sao Paulo.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo traçar um panorama da vida do poeta Murilo Mendes na Europa entre as décadas de 1950 e 1970, através das cartas enviadas por ele a sua irmã Virgínia Mendes Torres. Com base na análise desse conjunto epistolar é possível refazer parte da trajetória do poeta mineiro que transplantado em território estrangeiro atuou nos meios acadêmico, literário e artístico, representando o Brasil e construindo sua própria vertente do modernismo brasileiro. / The current work aims to draw a prospect of the poet Murilo Mendes life in Europe among the decades of 1950 and 1970, through the letters sent by him and his sister Virgínia Mendes Torres. Considering the analysis of that epistolary group is possible to redo part of the poet\'s trajectory that transplanted in foreign territory acted in the academic, literary and artistic means representing Brazil and building his own view of the Brazilian modernism.