This thesis draws on the voices of the young people who will be affected by the government’s proposal to increase the age of participation in education and training to 18 by 2015, voices which are otherwise overlooked in policy formulation and much research. The young people most affected are those who currently do not participate in education or training after the age of 16. The thesis takes a phenomenological approach, building understanding from the young people’s perspectives of their life-worlds and their reasons for not participating and exploring their response to their particular circumstances as perceived by them. The thesis explores their understanding through focus groups held in one local authority in South East England, comprising urban and rural settings. The thesis highlights factors that impede young people’s participation from their own perspectives, which fall into three categories: physical factors; social factors; and emotional factors. Nationally, the government has confirmed its commitment to raising the participation age by 2015, yet many of the government’s policies are exacerbating the challenges that young people face. This study concludes that the barriers highlighted by young people in relation to physical factors; social factors; and emotional factors are neglected in the current policy drive to full participation to age 18 and this needs urgent attention if the policy is to succeed. The thesis proposes a model which is offered for future policy and practice development to give greater weight to the perspectives of young people in relation to participation as expressed in this research. There is a risk if their concerns are not addressed that young people who have experienced a failure by the system and associated damaged self esteem, are now further pathologised, and potentially criminalised, for failing to fulfil their duty to participate. Yet, a more holistic approach that addresses the broader issues highlighted by this research, could realise pathways into further education and training that redress some of the previous negative experience and restore their confidence for the future.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-11T14:41:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JosePS_DISSERT.pdf: 1962165 bytes, checksum: 607132c0ebe04ab32605fb6e1b61fa15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-30 / The term sustainable development appeared in 1980 and was consecrated in 1987 for the Brundtland Commission and comes gaining prominence, certainly for the intensification of the environmental problems, due to intensified industrialization, and the increase of the man intervention in the nature. The objective of this research is to construct and to analyze the Index of Microregional Sustainable Development of agrarian reform nesting; to determine the variations caused by oil income on the sustainability index of economic dimension; and to investigate the relation between the farming income and the total income in the nesting. The Unit of Analysis was the Project of Serra Vermelha Nesting of agrarian reform, Areia Branca/RN, formed for 51 piece of land with an area of 15 hectares each, where their owners were interviewed. In the geographic area of this nesting is located the Canto do Amaro Field of Oil, one of the main assets of oil production in the city of Mossoró. To obtain the data we chose the use of interviews with 18 closed questions. They had been used given collected through spontaneous comment. The results showed an Index of General Sustainable Development, considering the three analyzed dimensions was, of 0,543, that it discloses a level of acceptable sustainability. The three individually analyzed dimensions had presented the following results: The Environmental Dimension presented an index of 0,684, with a level of acceptable sustainability also considered; the Economic Dimension presented level of sustainability in alert, with index 0,276; for the Social Dimension the joined index of 0,668, was characterized as acceptable. The Index of Farming Income (relation between the Farming Income and the Total Income) performed 0,02 disclosing to high dependence of not agriculturists sources and low farming production. The oil income caused no change in the level of sustainability of the economic dimension, remaining on alert, with small variation in the index. Considering the royalties income, the index was 0,276; excluding this income, the index goes to 0,230. The data show a weakness the criterion for distribution of royalties, seen that the current practice is the equal division of the amount collected, however, the oil exploration, that generates this income, is markedly in 13% of the earth portions, where the majority of them, 87% only with the bond. The results confirm the so-called "resource curse" of world literature, for causing a visible discouragement to the farming production investment. Therefore, this loss of ability or incentive to agricultural production and high reliance on external sources of income, characterizes a weakness in the shares of the land reform policy on this specific Analysis Unit. Recommend future research in order to investigate the willingness of owners to participate in actions that promote agricultural production supported the practice of Local Productive Arrangement (LPA) / O termo desenvolvimento sustentável surgiu em 1980, foi consagrado em 1987 pela Comissão Brundtland e vem ganhando destaque, certamente pela intensificação dos problemas ambientais, frutos da intensificação da industrialização, e aumento da intervenção do homem na natureza. O objetivo desta pesquisa é construir e analisar o Índice de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Microrregional do Assentamento de reforma agrária; verificar a variação provocada pela renda do petróleo sobre o índice de sustentabilidade da dimensão econômica; e investigar a relação entre a renda agropecuária e a renda total no assentamento. A Unidade de Análise foi Projeto de Assentamento de reforma agrária de Serra Vermelha, Areia Branca/RN, formado por 51 lotes de terra com uma área de 15 hectares cada, tendo os proprietários como entrevistados. No espaço geográfico deste assentamento está localizado o Campo de Petróleo de Canto do Amaro, um dos principais do Ativo de Produção de Mossoró. Para a obtenção dos dados optou-se pelo uso de entrevistas composta por 18 questões fachadas. Também foram utilizados dados coletados através de observação espontânea. Os resultados revelaram um Índice de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Geral, considerando as três dimensões analisadas, de 0,543, que caracteriza um nível de sustentabilidade aceitável. As três dimensões analisadas individualmente apresentaram os seguintes resultados: A Dimensão Ambiental apresentou um índice de 0,684, com um nível de sustentabilidade também considerado aceitável; a Dimensão Econômica apresentou nível de sustentabilidade em alerta, com índice 0,276; para a Dimensão Social o índice encontrado foi de 0,668, caracterizado como aceitável. O Índice de Renda Agropecuária (relação entre a Renda Agropecuária e a Renda Total) foi de 0,02 revelando alta dependência de fontes não agrícolas e baixa produção agropecuária. A renda do petróleo não provocou variação no nível de sustentabilidade da dimensão econômica, permanecendo em estado de alerta, com pequena variação no índice, considerando a renda dos royalties o índice foi 0,276, excluindo esta renda, o índice passa para 0,230. Os dados mostram uma fragilidade quanto ao critério de distribuição dos royalties, visto que, a prática atual é a divisão igualitária do montante arrecadado, contudo, a exploração do petróleo, que gera esta renda, ocorre de forma acentuada em 13% dos lotes, ficando a maioria deles, 87% apenas com o bônus. Os resultados confirmam a chamada maldição dos recursos naturais da literatura mundial, por causar um visível desestímulo ao investimento na produção agropecuária. Diante disso, essa perda da capacidade ou estímulo à produção agropecuária e da alta dependência de rendas de fontes externas, caracteriza em uma fragilidade das ações da política da reforma agrária nesta Unidade de Análise. Recomendam-se pesquisas futuras para investigar a disposição dos proprietários em participar de ações que promovam a produção agropecuária apoiada na prática de Arranjo Produtivo Local (APL)

Ce travail s'articule autour de deux grandes parties : i- la synthèse de nouveaux tripodes tris-A,C,E-alpha-cyclodextrine, et l'étude de leurs complexes de coordination avec les métaux. La fonctionnalisation des bis-hétérocycles est une étape importante dans la préparation de ces tripodes moléculaires. En conséquence, la mise au point d'une nouvelle famille de réactifs, les tétrahalogeno-diarylglycoluriles, a permis une halogénation radicalaire sélective des systèmes hétéro-aromatiques pi-déficients non réactifs et impliqués dans la construction des podants cyclodextriniques. La sélectivité et le mécanisme de la réaction ont pu être expliqués en partie par la formation d'un complexe supramoléculaire [réactif /substrat] et l'existence d'interactions halogène-halogène dans le solide; ii- la mise en évidence d'une haute spéciation des tripodes cyclodextrines vis-à-vis d'un certain nombre de métaux et la formation d'hélices métallo-supramoléculaires chirales induite par l'implantation en position 6,6' des unités hétérocycliques. La configuration absolue des hélicates formés est résolue dans quelques cas / This work is structured around two main parts: i- the synthesis of new tris-A,C,E-alpha-cyclodextrin tripods, and studies of their complexes with transition metals. The functionalization of bis-heterocycles is an important step in the preparation of tripods. Therefore, the development of a new family of reagents tetrahalo-diarylglycolurils allowed a selective radical halogenation of heteroaromatic pi-deficient systems, non-reactive and involved in the construction of podants cyclodextrinics. The selectivity and the mechanism of the reaction could be partially explained by the formation of a supramolecular complex [reagent / substrate] and the existence of halogen-halogen interactions in solid state; ii- the highlight of a high speciation tripods cyclodextrins towards a number of metals and formation of supramolecular chiral metallo-helices induced by anchoring in position 6,6' of heterocyclic units. The absolute configuration of helicates formed in some cases is resolved

Die Herstellung großer, dickwandiger Schweißkonstruktionen ist durch einen hohen fertigungstechnischen Aufwand gekennzeichnet. Dieser erhöht sich mit zunehmender Bauteilgröße in überproportionalem Maße. Mit dem Beginn der Fertigung von Gründungsstrukturen für Offshore-Windenergieanlagen, stellt sich die Frage nach der Automatisierung schweißtechnischer Prozesse neu. Im Rahmen einer Machbarkeitsstudie wurde ein schienengeführtes traktorähnliches System entwickelt. Der folgende Pro Engineer Anwendervortrag umfasst das Erstellen dreidimensional geformter Schienensegmente. Weiterhin wird das Gesamtsystem der schweißtechnischen Automatisierung, bestehend aus Schweißtraktor und Schiene, mit Hilfe von Gelenkverbindungen in Pro Engineer zu einer zwnagsläufigen räumlichen Kinematik verbunden. Außerdem wird die Fahrt des Schweißtraktors entlang der Schweißfugenkontur an Hand einer Animation gezeigt, welche mit Pro Engineer DAO (Design Animation Option) erstellt wurde.

Tripods constituted a specific group of pottery within the Bronze Age Aegean tradition. The shape was typically associated with ritual and cooking activities. This study presents an examination of Minoan tripod cooking pots from Crete. By tracing the morphological changes that occur from one period to the next, this research seeks to discuss the relationship between the form and function of these vessels. It is hoped that the following analysis may also shed light on the origin and practicality of tripod cooking pots. / Art History

The thermal efficiency of a gas turbine directly depends on the rotor inlet temperature. The ever increasing demand for more power and advances in the field of engineering enabled this temperature to be pushed higher. But the material strength of the blades and vanes can often impose restrictions on the thermal load it can bear. This is where gas turbine cooling becomes very critical and a better cooling design has the potential to extend the blade life span, enables higher rotor inlet temperatures, conserves compressor bleed air. Among various kinds of cooling involved in gas turbines, film cooling will be the subject of this study. A novel concept for film cooling holes referred to as anti-vortex design proposed in 2007 is explored in this study. Coolant exits through two bifurcated cylindrical holes that branched out on either side of the central hole resulting in a tripod-like arrangement. Coolant from the side holes interacted with the mainstream and produced vortices that countered the main central rotating vortex pairs, weakening it and pushing the coolant jet towards the surface. In order to understand the performance of this anti-vortex tripod film cooling, a flat plate test setup and a low speed subsonic wind tunnel linear cascade were built. Transient heat transfer experiments were carried out in the flat plate test setup using Infrared thermography. Film cooling performance was quantified by measuring adiabatic effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient ratio. In order to gauge the performance, other standard hole geometries were also tested and compared with. Following the results from the flat plate test rig, film cooling performance was also evaluated on the surface of an airfoil. Adiabatic effectiveness was measured at different coolant mass flow rates. The tripod hole consistently provided better cooling compared to the standard cylindrical hole in both the flat plate and cascade experiments. In order to understand the anti-vortex concept which is one of the primary reason behind better performance of the tripod film cooling hole geometry, numerical simulations (CFD) were carried out at steady state using RANS turbulence models. The interaction of the coolant from the side holes with the mainstream forms vortices that tries to suppress the vortex formed by the central hole. This causes the coolant jet from the central to stay close to the surface and increases its coverage. Additionally, the coolant getting distributed into three individual units reduces the exit momentum ratio. Tripod holes were found to be capable of providing better effectiveness even while consuming almost half the coolant used by the standard cylindrical holes. / Ph. D.

Plus qu'un effet de mode, le Système de Management de la Santé-Sécurité au Travail (SMS) est devenu un véritable outil de progrès pour les entreprises. Nombreuses sont d'ailleurs celles ayant récemment construit un tel dispositif de gestion pour mieux gérer les risques professionnels liés à leurs activités et limiter les accidents du travail et les maladies professionnelles sur le lieu de travail. Si la mise en place de ce système ne répond à aucune obligation règlementaire en France, force est de constater que plus de deux milles entreprises françaises ont volontairement décidé de l'adopter, vingt pour cent d'entre elles ayant déjà choisi de le certifier.Les méthodologies classiques destinées à mesurer la performance de ces systèmes semblent paradoxalement présenter quelques limites. Parmi elles, les audits du SMS (audits OHSAS 18001 ou ILO-OSH 2001 par exemple) ainsi que le Système International d'Evaluation de la Sécurité (SIES) apparaissent comme les plus intéressantes mais les techniques classiques de recueil d'informations qu'elles mettent en œuvre introduisent un certain nombre de biais dans le processus d'analyse. Partant de ce constat, ce travail de recherche propose une nouvelle méthodologie de mesure de la performance des SMS, construite à partir d'un modèle de performance reprenant des fondements normatifs, organisationnels et sociologiques de la sécurité. La méthodologie présente l'avantage, par rapport à celles existantes, de donner un poids particulièrement important à la vision du personnel sur le performance du système en place, de confronter sa vision à celle plutôt normative de l'auditeur, d'améliorer le processus de recueil d'informations en faisant participer l'ensemble du personnel et de proposer une réelle démarche de quantification de la performance. La méthodologie a pu être expérimentée sur deux sites industriels français.

[Truncated abstract] The demand for offshore wind turbines is increasing in densely populated areas, such as Europe. These constructions are typically founded on a gravity foundation or a large 'mono pile'. Gravity foundations can only be used at locations where strong soils exist and water depths are limited. Costs associated with a 'mono pile' type foundation contribute to a very large percentage of the total investment costs. This research, therefore, focuses upon a different foundation for offshore wind turbines, namely suction caissons beneath a tripod. This foundation can be used in all kinds of soil types and is cheaper than the 'mono pile' foundation, both in the amount of steel used and installation costs. Cheaper foundations can contribute to a more competitive price for offshore wind energy in comparison with other energy resources. To date, there have been relatively few studies to investigate the behaviour of this type of foundation during the installation process and during operational and ultimate loading for seabed conditions comprising dense sand. Two types of investigations were performed during this research to determine the behaviour of suction caissons beneath a tripod. Firstly, an existing computer program was extended to predict the typical loading conditions for a tripod foundation. Secondly, centrifuge tests on small scale suction caissons were performed to investigate the behaviour during the installation and loading phases. The computer program developed helped to quantify the likely ranges of environmental loading on an offshore wind turbine. For a typical 3 MW wind turbine of 90 m height, the vertical load is low at around 7 MN. During storm conditions the horizontal hydrodynamic load can be in the order of 4 MN. During normal working conditions the horizontal aerodynamic loads can reach 0.4 MN, but can increase to 1.2 MN when the pitch system malfunctions and gusts reach 30 m/s. This aerodynamic load will result in a very large contribution to the overturning moment, due to the high action point of this load. When the wind turbine is placed on top of a tripod, these large moments are counteracted by a push-pull system. ... The development of differential pressure was found to depend on the soil permeability, the extraction speed and a consolidation effect. During cyclic loading no obvious signs of a decrease in resistance were observed. During very fast cyclic loading differential pressures developed, which could increase the drained frictional resistance by approximately 40%. All centrifuge tests results were used to develop methods to predict or back calculate the installation process of suction caissons in sand and layered soil, and the behaviour during tensile and cyclic loading. These methods all use the cone resistance as the main input parameter and predict the force (or required suction) as a function of time, for a given rate of pumping or uplift displacement, in addition to the variation of suction with penetration (or force with uplift displacement). These new methods provide a useful tool in designing a reliable foundation for offshore wind turbines consisting of a tripod arrangement of suction caissons embedded in dense sand.

Der Vortrag verdeutlicht die Möglichkeiten der Mathcad-Funktionen "Minimieren" bzw. "Maximieren" durch ein komplexes Beispiel aus dem Gebiet der parallelkinematischen Robotik. Innerhalb eines technologisch geforderten Arbeitsbereiches werden durch Auswertung der Vorwärts- und Rückwärtsinformation Bewertungskriterien erfasst und anschaulich dargestellt. Durch eine geeignete Formulierung mit den "Programmier"-Werkzeugen von Mathcad kann die Bewertung in einer Funktion über den gesamten Arbeitsraum automatisiert aufgerufen werden. Diese Aufbereitung gestattet die Anwendung der "Maximieren"-Funktion auf die Arbeitseigenschaften der Maschine durch Variation der kinematischen Abmessungen. Das Ergebnis der Optimierung sind die Maße des mechanischen Führungsgetriebes.

The main topic of my diploma thesis is the diagnosis and the therapy of handwriting training of hand grasp in preschool children. This diploma thesis describes and evaluates possibilities of using a handwriting tool, which was developed in cooperation with Centre for Biomedical Engineering and 1. Faculty of Medicine, for hand grasp testing. A handwriting tool measures fingers grip pinch while the fingers are used in hand grasp. The theoretic part comprehend useful findings about handwriting, its development. In detail it is focused on diagnosis and therapy of hand grasp, which is an important aspect in handwriting development. This theoretic part also includes description of handwriting disabilites in preschool children and description handwriting tools, which are used for correct hand grasp training. The conclusion of the theoretic part is focused on therapy of hand grasp and handwriting training from the ergotherapist point of view. The goal of the practical part is to find out fingers pinch in hand grasp in normal healthy preschool children using a specialy developed handwriting tool and to recommend another possibilites of using this new tool in handwriting training.