The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of demographic variables on the career maturity of high school students. The study intended to determine the influence of race and socioeconomic status on career maturity. Multiple intercorrelations and regressions among the dependent variable, Career Maturity Inventory Scores (CMI), and the independent variables of socio-economic status, students' career aspirations, students' career expectations, students' post-high school plans, parents' career expectations, parents' career aspirations, parents' post-high school plans, and race were computed. Regression weights for each independent variable were also computed. The Career Maturity Inventory (CMI) and a Demographic Information Inventory (DII) were administered to two hundred and eighty high school students enrolled in a high school located in the southwestern section of the United States. Instrument administration was conducted within their regular classroom by the main investigator. The final sample consisted of seventy students from each grade (9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th) and Mexican-American students and Anglo-American students were proportionally represented at each grade. A factorial analysis of variance was computed to determine the influence of SES and race on career maturity. Multiple regression analyses were utilized to examine multiple correlations among the dependent and independent variables and to establish the regression weights for each independent variable. Results demonstrated that race and SES have a statistically significant impact on career maturity. The multiple regression analysis revealed that the best predictor of career maturity for the entire sample were the students' post-high school plans, race, and the students' career expectations. The sample was divided into two ethnic groups to determine the best predictors of career maturity for each ethnic group. The multiple regression for the Anglo-American sample revealed that the students' post-high school plans was the only statistically significant predictor of career maturity. In contrast, the students' post-high school plans and parents' career expectations were the two factors found to be of significant importance for the Mexican-American group. The salient feature of these analyses is that socio-economic status is a poor predictor of career maturity for both ethnic groups. Implications of the findings are discussed and future trends regarding the assessment of career maturity are outlined.

The concept of hydrochemical facies is used to study the distribution and, indirectly, to identify the origin of the chemical character of ground water in the basin-fill aquifer of the Tucson Basin in relationship to the hydrogeologic framework. Hydrochemical fades of ground water is defined operationally in terms of the lateral (horizontal) variation of chemical quality. The following chemical constituents are included in this study: total dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulfate, bicarbonate, pH, nitrate, fluoride, strontium and zinc. A conceptual process-response model relates the regional distribution of dissolved constituents to the following hydrogeologic controls: (a) the chemical composition of the rock and soil in the drainage area before recharge to the ground-water basin and conditions at the recharge sites, (b) the lithology of the basin-fill aquifer, and (c) the direction of groundwater flow within the aquifer itself. Trend surface analysis suggests that the regional distribution patterns of total dissolved solids, calcium, sodium, sulfate and strontium show a tendency to parallel the direction of ground-water flow. The distribution pattern of chloride ions based on old analyses shows a trend opposite to the distribution pattern of chloride ions based on new analyses from the same area. Nitrate content of ground water and specific capacity of wells seem to be related. Q-factor analysis of data from the basin-fill aquifer demonstrates that the overall chemical character of the ground water does not change substantially as it moves through the basin. It is concluded that the chemical character of ground water in the basin-fill aquifer of the Tucson Basin was acquired mainly during contact with various rock types in the drainage basin before recharge. The lithology of the aquifer, presumably, only plays a secondary role in determining the overall chemical composition of the ground water. After recharge to the basin-fill aquifer the distribution of dissolved constituents is controlled primarily by the flow pattern. A chemical equilibrium model of calcite and water is used to approach the problem of determining whether precipitation or dissolution of calcite takes place in the aquifer. Measured calcium ion concentrations and pH values are compared to calcium ion concentrations and pH values computed for the equilibrium model. Assuming that the equilibrium model represents actual conditions in the aquifer, departures from the equilibrium model may be used to predict the chemical behaviour of calcite In the basin-fill aquifer.

With the population of urban areas rapidly increasing, a much greater demand is being placed on existing water supplies. The arid southwestern region of the United States, in particular, is experiencing large population increases while possessing limited water resources. Tucson is a representative city in the region facing problems of providing an adequate water supply to the public in the future. Presently, Tucson is being supplied entirely with groundwater. Increases in population and industrial activities, however, have caused a steady decline of the groundwater table in the Tucson Basin. The reclamation of wastewater and the importation of water have been studied as alternatives in alleviating the annual decline of the groundwater table. Problems still exist, however, preventing the immediate use of both aforementioned supplies of water. In developing the water resources of an area, every possible source of water must be evaluated. A source which has not received much attention, but which merits much attention, is the water occurring as urban runoff following intense storms. In order to evaluate the potential of urban runoff as a water supply, the study includes investigations of water quality, water treatment through storage and coagulation, and problems involved with the utilization of storm water. Samples of runoff from three diversified urban watersheds in the Tucson area were analyzed for bacterial, mineral, pesticide, solids, and chemical oxygen demand concentrations. The watersheds were characterized according to the percentage of the total area devoted to a particular land use. In addition, the hydrologic characteristics of each storm were tabulated. Correlation coefficients were determined between the quality parameters and the watershed and hydrological characteristics. Development of regression equations equating quality parameters as a function of both watershed and hydrological characteristics was also undertaken. The final analysis of the quality study involved the determination of relationships between quality parameters of chemical oxygen demand, total coliforms and suspended solids and the point of time on the hydrograph at which runoff was sampled. Prior to beneficial use of the urban runoff, treatment to varying degrees will be required. In the second phase of this study, the efficiency of treatment by the simple methods of storage and alum coagulations was studied. Five gallon samples were collected from randomly selected storms and used either in the storage or coagulation study. Changes in chemical oxygen demand, solids and bacterial concentrations were evaluated at selected intervals during storage for a period of a week. Jar test studies utilizing varying doses of alum were undertaken on water collected from each of the watersheds, determining the efficiency of chemical oxygen demand, turbidity, and total coliform removals. The final phase of the study involved discussion of the problems attendant with the planning and design of treatment facilities. Included in this phase were sections involving water quality standards and the related treatment processes, waste sludge production and treatment methods, and costs pertaining to treatment. Legal aspects of appropriating the urban runoff were considered and the possible conflicts between upstream and downstream interests noted. The study concluded with a demonstration of the application of dynamic programming for optimally planning the location and capacity of storage treatment facilities at urban sites.

A geochemical approach to the evaluation of the chemistry of natural recharge processes in the Tucson basin was used to identify the major minerals controlling the evolution of ground water chemistry and to assess the viability of recharging imported Central Arizona Project water supplies. Well cuttings analyses and water quality samples from over 65 wells in the basin were used as input to the geochemical computer model PATH4 (Helgeson, 1970) and the sequence of aqueous species and mineral production in a recharge reference volume examined. The study reveals that natural processes in the basin lead to the increase in dissolved solids content in ground water over time and the production of secondary minerals such as calcite, calcium montmorillonite, kaolinite and poorly crystallized alumino-silicate phases. Secondary minerals grow into aquifer pore spaces and may, over time, be responsible for the reduction in aquifer porosity and the specific capacity of wells. The recharge of imported Central Arizona Project water will lead to an increase in the dissolved solids content of ground water and may, in certain areas of the basin, lead to the enhanced production of secondary minerals. The use of CAP water as a recharge source must be guided by the geochemical factors which influence the nature and scope of reactions between CAP water and the Tucson aquifer matrix. The study demonstrates the need for and identifies water quality and aquifer matrix criteria for the assessment of sources of recharge water and recharge facility sites. The use of geochemistry as a tool for quantitatively assessing ground water quality is demonstrated.

Hispanic ownership of businesses has existed in Tucson prior to the Gadsden Purchase of 1854, which allowed the United States to acquire Tucson and part of Southern Arizona. Although ranching and agriculture were main sources of income for this group of pioneer settlers, they were able to diversify their wealth into other sectors of the economy. As the Hispanic population became integrated into American society, an evolution of minority identity towards business ownership occurred. Starting in the twentieth century, Mexican Americans tended to operate mostly in the service industry, such as barber shops and grocery stores. There were a few Hispanic lawyers and doctors. However, their numbers were small in compañson to the growing Mexican American and Anglo populations. The Great Depression of the 1930s affected many of these agriculturally oriented Hispanic families. By the 1940s, more Mexican Americans and Anglos were arriving to the area in search of employment. By the 1980s, a trend was evident of a service sector economy for the Tucson labor market. Most of the twenty Hispanic entrepreneurs interviewed for this study were first or second generation Tucsonans, The pioneer Hispanic families are no longer at the forefront of business opportunities. Instead, sonic of the offspring from these pioneer families have gone into other fields or enterprises in order to develop their own entrepreneurial identity. Some of the interviewees that are descendants of these "latecomers" are undecided as to whether they want their children to enter the family business. As a consequence, some of these establishments may end in the next twenty to thirty years. A cycle of continual Hispanic "latecomers" operating businesses may develop in the Tucson area. The consequence could be the lack of a solid economic base for the Hispanic business community.

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A field test is developed to assess the collapse susceptibility of soils rapidly and inexpensively. The in situ collapse test device measures the vertical deformations which occur in soils when they are subjected to stress and given access to water while under continuous load. Principles of statistics were employed to show that laboratory testing of soil specimens overestimate the magnitude of collapse as measured in the field and that the magnitude of collapse is, in part, a function of the soil moisture content at the time of loading and at the time of collapse. Good correlation was found between the spatial variability of collapsible soils with the location of alluvium terrace deposits and structurally damaged buildings.