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Class of 2015 Abstract / Objectives: To describe refugee access to pharmacy care as perceived by key informants and pharmacists. Methods: Two groups of providers working with the refugee population in Tucson, AZ served as key informants. Case managers were asked questions about establishing refugees in a pharmacy and current resources available to refugees for pharmacy care. The interview for pharmacists focused on current services available for limited-English speaking patients, their point of view on these services and their perceptions of the barrier for refugee populations in accessing pharmacy care. Results: Five case managers and five pharmacists were interviewed. Overall case managers and community pharmacists identified the language barrier as the main problem for refugees in accessing pharmacy care. Translation services are limited in the community pharmacy setting and existing services are underutilized. Conclusions: Key informants and pharmacists agreed that language and communication are the principal barriers to access pharmacy care among refugees.

Diary in lieu of thesis (M.P.A. - Public Administration) -- University of Arizona.

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This research provides a systematic, analytical examination of the evolutionary development of labor relations in a large public school district in the southwestern United States. The Kerchner and Mitchell (1981) generational framework of labor relations has been utilized in this study to evaluate its explanatory power. Research questions included: (1) Does the evolution of labor relations in this district follow the generational patterns specified in the framework developed by Kerchner and Mitchell (1981); and (2) What has been the impact of teacher collective bargaining on governance of this disrict? This work constituted a detailed case study of the school district. Method included analysis of data gathered through board minutes, newspaper and other publications, census data, contract and arbitration history data and semi-structured interviews with persons who played key roles in district labor relations. Findings indicate that generational development in this district has evolved along the lines of the Kerchner and Mitchell framework. The district is idiosyncratic, however, in the nature of coalitions formed, stimuli for change, and the continuing unresolved legal questions regarding collective bargaining in Arizona resulting from a lack of legislative guidance in this area. Generational movement of labor relations in this district is traced through two generational periods and two periods of intergenerational conflict. Findings suggest that relations appear to be suggestive of early third generation as the district enters 1987. With regard to impact, findings of this study generally support those of Kerchner and Mitchell (1981) that: (1) "accidental" policy is made through the bargaining process and contract implementation; (2) collective bargaining, contract making and contract enforcement in this district have enhanced the "laboring" aspect of teacher work; and (3) substantial change has occurred in this district in managerial beliefs and operations as a result of the consensus agreement. Further, findings suggest that although public participation in the district has been episodic, it has greatly influenced generational movement, as has partisan politics. Variance from Kerchner and Mitchell findings and intradistrict variance is also addressed.

The focus of this study was to further the understanding of the importance of household characteristics in the tenure (buy or rent) decision-making process. The links between behavior and household factors for in-migrants were examined and a behavior model was developed to explain the housing choices of renters who had recently migrated. Apartment renters with five years or less residency in Tucson, Arizona were surveyed to determine what factors explain their tenure decisions. The study sought answers to the question of why so few new arrivals were buying homes when affordability was at the best level it had been in five years. The methodology of the study involved two surveys: a preliminary personal survey to screen for newcomers and an in-depth self-administered survey. The mail-back survey was effectively utilized to obtain data on the characteristics, perceptions, and homebuying intentions of renting newcomers. The results of the survey supported four main hypotheses: (1) The tenure decision is directly related to residential history in prior locations and in the current city. (2) Socio-demographic determinants impose significant effects on the tenure decisions of in-migrants. In addition to the oft-researched population variables, leisure factors were incorporated in this analysis of life cycle. (3) Place ties exert influence as pull factors in the tenure decision. Place ties to past residences and to potential future destinations inhibit home purchasing decisions, while place ties to the current city retard migration and facilitate homebuying. (4) The tenure decision is impacted and restricted by economic constraints. The economic constraints go beyond income to include down payments, pricing, financing, and previous home sales.

The sharing of Mexican food in Tucson at festivals, restaurants, and grocery stores between Euro-American and Hispanic groups performs a number of functions beyond nutrition: it signifies the desire for harmony, it perpetuates negative cultural stereotypes, and it re-enacts the social drama of 500 years of contact. In this gift exchange, a hybrid cuisine--"Sonoran style"--is invented, mytholigized, and marketed as authentic. Food sharing both engenders cultural exchange and turns a profit, and ethnicity reinvented as an "orientalized" tourist commodity. "Eating the other" requires a symbolic supply/demand economy, and the recognition and negotiation of ethnic identity and cultural taboos and boundaries. The result of cross-cultural eating is complicated by the implications of consuming and incorporating the other in order to understand and negotiate difference. An introduction posits the "gastronomic tourist" as a model for food sharing and cultural cannabalism. The events taken as texts and read as examples of Victor Turner's social drama, are secular ceremonies and rituals that often resemble the touristic. One such arena is Tucson Meet Yourself. Unlike carnivalesque festival, this local celebration cultivates neutral ground where diverse groups assemble and sample "otherness" through food, music, and dance. Ethnic food initiates and sustains the communitas of this temporary quasi-pilgrimage even though actual performances of traditional foods are truncated to serve large crowds. The third chapter offers a close reading of Bourdieu, and considers local restaurants where distinctions of Sonoran style and its constant reinvention suit the supply/demand of producers and consumers, and show how ethnicity is invented and authenticated by powerful consensus, and mediates across boundaries; yet it also perpetuates stereotypes through the rigid "grammar" of the Sonoran style meal. A final chapter focuses on the enormously popular commercial salsas where non-Hispanics can meet Hispanics anonymously. The rhetorical and experiential frames surrounding the label and its advertising are examined, following Goffman and Barthes, and are revealed to mass-market ethnic stereotypes in general, and in particular, to depict Hispanic women's bodies on labels and advertising in order to exploit connections between food, women and sex.

The purpose of this study was to validate a revised instrument measuring instructional leadership in public high schools. In addition, the study attempted to identify components of instructional leadership and to determine differences in the leadership functions performed by principals, assistant principals, and department chairpersons. Responses to the revised study instrument, Sources of Instructional Leadership (SOIL), were made by 300 certificated personnel in eight comprehensive high schools. Validation evidence was gathered in three phases: (1) responses by the entire sample to the Instruction-Related Contact (IRC) instrument; (2) responses of a subsample of 28 teachers from two schools to the Teacher-Initiated Contact (TIC) instrument; and (3) structured interviews with 12 of the 28 teachers. The validity of the revised SOIL instrument was supported by all three validation phases. The IRC instrument was most highly correlated with the SOIL instrument within roles, suggesting that the contact with teachers about instruction was strongly related to perceived leadership. Similarly, in the regression analysis, nearly half the variance in SOIL mean scores was accounted for by the IRC mean score for the same role. In addition, the coefficient of this variable was in general the only significant coefficient entered. The TIC instrument appeared to provide strong validation for the SOIL scores of the department chairperson, based on Spearman Rank Order Correlations, but was less effective for principal and assistant principal. The interview data provided validation for the relative ranking of roles on each item for the SOIL instrument, as well as the prediction of highest and lowest department chairpersons within a school. A factor analysis resulted in six or seven factors for each role, with the first factor accounting for the largest proportion of the variance. For the principal role the primary factor involved managerial functions in creating policies, facilitating communication, and securing resources to improve instructional programs. For both assistant principal and department chairperson roles, the primary factor involved direct instructional interventions. Descriptive statistics and ANOVAs provided evidence that the three roles perform different instructional leadership functions. Overall, the assistant principal performed the most important role, and the principal the least important.