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Project Completion Report, OWRT Project No. B-012-ARIZ / Agreement No. 14-31-0001-3056 / Period of Operation: July 1969 to June 1972 / Acknowledgement: The work upon which this report is based was supported by funds provided by the United States Department of the Interior, Office of Water Resources Research, as authorized under the Water Resources Research Act of 1964. / Rainfall and runoff studies initiated in 1968 by the University of Arizona provide data for three small urban watersheds with different land use patterns in Tucson, Arizona. Annual precipitation of about 11 inches produces annual runoff, as measured at outflow flumes, ranging from 1.30 to 3.95 inches, produced by 15 to 23 runoff events per year. About 60 to 70 percent of the annual runoff events occur in the summer season, as does 65 to 75 percent of the annual volume of measured runoff. Water samples collected on a lumped basis show generally high concentrations of suspended sediment, bacterial loading, and dissolved organics. Initial field treatment and exploratory laboratory studies of treatment methods indicate that three days is an optimal length of time for detention storage of runoff, reducing average pollutant concentrations to 62 mg /1 of turbidity, total coliform of 70 -3200 organisms per 100 mg /1, and 7 mg /1 of chemical oxygen demand. Simple laboratory treatment with alum and polyelectrolyte yielded an 80 percent reduction in COD, 90 percent reduction in bacterial loading, and appreciable clarification of the runoff samples. Continuing research should be conducted to utilize a longer data record for improving understanding of rainfall- runoff relations; to use distributed sampling within individual watershed areas to define specific pollutant source areas; and to incorporate economic and legal questions involved in the utilization of urban runoff in an arid area.

Research Project Technical Completion Report (B-023-ARIZ) For: United States Department of the Interior, Project Dates: 1971-1973. / The work upon which this report is based was supported by federal funds provided by the United States Department of the Interior, as authorized under the Water Research and Development Act of 1978, through Agreement No. 14-31-0001-3556. / Rainfall and runoff studies initiated by the University of Arizona provide data for three small urban watersheds from 1968 and one rural watershed from 1957 to 1969. These watersheds typify various land use patterns in Tucson, Arizona. Annual precipitation of about 11 inches produces annual runoff, as measured at outflow flumes, ranging from 0.44 inches in depth for the rural watershed and 1.10 to 2.10 inches for the urban watersheds. The runoff is produced by as few as 5 runoff events per year in the rural watershed and 16 to 22 events per year for the urban watersheds. About 60 percent of the rural and 50 to 58 percent of the urban annual runoff events occur in the summer season, as does 55 to 65 percent of the annual volume of measured runoff for both. There is about a four to five-fold increase in average yearly storm runoff volume with urbanization in the Tucson area. Water samples collected on a lumped basis show generally high concentrations of suspended sediment, bacterial loading, and dissolved organics. Initial field treatment and exploratory laboratory studies of treatment methods indicate that three days is an optimal length of time for detention storage of storm runoff, reducing average pollutant concentrations to 62 mg/1 of turbidity, total coliform of 70-3,200 organisms per 100 ml, and 7 mg/1 of chemical oxygen demand. Simple laboratory treatment with alum and polyelectrolyte yielded an 80 percent reduction in COD, 90 percent reduction in bacterial loading, and appreciable clarification of the runoff samples. Multi-purpose urban storm runoff management systems can be developed to control floods while at the same time maintaining water-based linear parks along minor stream channels in semiarid regions. Multi-purpose systems are more economical than the single-purpose systems required to accomplish the same purposes. Further studies are needed to characterize the quality of storm runoff from selected urban land use areas with a view toward on-site control and disposal.

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My deepest respect and appreciation are extended to Dr. L. Gray Wilson for providing the opportunity to conduct this research, for his advice and assistance during the course of the research, and for his review of and suggestions for improving this manuscript. I would also like to thank Michael Osborn for his assistance. This research was funded by the City of Tucson. The assistance and direction provided by Mt. Bruce Johnson and Mt. Joe Babcock at Tucson Water are gratefully acknowledged. My thanks are also extended to Dr. Daniel D. Evans, Dr. L.G. Wilson, and Dr. Stanley N. Davis for serving on my thesis committee. Bruce Smith's assistance is gratefully acknowledged. Bruce spent two long days with 110-degree temperatures In a parking lot describing the lithology of sediment samples collected during the drilling phase of this research. He also determined the moisture content and particle size distribution on samples collected from the borehole. The assistance of Ralph Marra and Steve Brooks is also gratefully acknowledged. Ralph waded through city and county bureaucracies to determine zoning at each dry-well site. Steve assisted with collecting dry-well settling chamber sediment samples.