La pathologie de l'obésité est définie comme un excès de masse grasse corporelle pouvant nuire à la santé. Elle constitue un véritable problème de santé publique dans de nombreux pays et à La Réunion. Dans l'organisme, c'est au niveau du tissu adipeux que le stockage de gras se localise, plus précisément dans les cellules adipeuses (adipocytes) provenant elles-mêmes de la maturation de cellules précurseurs appelées préadipocytes. Chez le sujet obèse, le tissu adipeux stockant un excès de gras est le siège d'un stress oxydatif et d'une inflammation chronique qui concourent à la résistance à l'insuline et au développement du diabète et de ses complications vasculaires. De nombreuses études montrent les propriétés antioxydantes et anti-inflammatoires des produits végétaux riches en polyphénols et soulignent leur intérêt dans le cadre de stratégies innovantes vis-à-vis de l'obésité et de ses complications. La Réunion présente une multitude de ressources végétales comme les fruits tropicaux et de nombreuses plantes à parfums, aromatiques et médicinales qui exerceraient des effets bénéfiques pour la santé. Toutefois, il manque encore des données scientifiques pour les valider. L'objectif du travail de thèse était d'évaluer l'impact d'extraits riches en polyphénols antioxydants issus du curcuma et de fruits tropicaux de La Réunion sur la réponse métabolique et inflammatoire de la cellule adipeuse, en situation de stress oxydatif dans le contexte de la pathologie de l'obésité. Pour ce faire, le curcuma et neuf fruits tropicaux de La Réunion, à savoir l'ananas Victoria, la banane (grosse et petite variétés), le fruit de la passion, le letchi, la mangue (Américaine et José) et la papaye (Solo et Colombo) ont été sélectionnés. Nos résultats ont mis en évidence une variabilité du profil glucidique et des teneurs en micronutriments de type vitamine C, caroténoïdes et polyphénols. Pour la plupart des extraits végétaux étudiés, les polyphénols représentaient les antioxydants les plus abondants et leur présence a conféré aux extraits végétaux diverses propriétés biologiques. Celles-ci ont été explorées sur le modèle in vitro de cellules adipeuses 3T3-L1 exposées aux extraits végétaux riches en polyphénols, en situation de stress oxydatif induit par l'agent H2O2 ou des acides gras de type acides linoléique et arachidonique. Nos résultats ont mis en évidence les propriétés antioxydantes et anti-inflammatoires des extraits végétaux, ainsi que leur capacité à améliorer la réponse à l'insuline des cellules en terme d'accumulation de gras. De plus, tous les extraits végétaux ont exercé un effet protecteur contre la sur-production de molécules pro-inflammatoires induites en situation de stress oxydatif. Plusieurs cibles moléculaires ont été identifiées, dont les enzymes antioxydantes superoxyde dismutase et catalase, les facteurs de transcription PPAR-γ et NF-κB, ainsi que les adipokines de type adiponectine, IL-6, TNF-α et MCP-1. En conclusion, ce travail de thèse a permis de mettre en évidence le potentiel bioactif d'extraits riches en polyphénols issus du curcuma et des fruits tropicaux sur la réponse métabolique et inflammatoire de la cellule adipeuse, en situation de stress oxydatif dans le contexte de la pathologie de l'obésité. L'utilisation des modèles expérimentaux développés au cours de ce travail de thèse permettra de poursuivre l'exploration des voies moléculaires impliquées et d'identifier de possibles cibles thérapeutiques. / Obesity is defined as an excessive fat accumulation and has been related to several major complications such as type 2 diabetes and vascular disorders. In obese patients, adipose cells responsible for fat storage are the targets of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation which contribute to insulin resistance and the onset of diabetes. Here, our objective was to evaluate the impact of polyphenol-rich extracts from Curcuma longa spice and tropical fruits from Reunion Island in France on the metabolic and inflammatory response of adipose cells exposed to oxidative stress mediated by H2O2 or free fatty acids comprising both linoleic and arachidonic acids. Our data led to demonstrate the abundance of polyphenols from Curcuma longa spice and the tropical fruits selected, and their free radical-scavenging capacities. Polyphenol-rich plant extracts were also able to protect 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes against oxidative stress, by regulating the production of reactive oxygen species and major adipocytokines, antioxidant enzymes and transcriptional factors involved in the metabolic and inflammatory response of the adipose tissue. Further work needs to be developed on animal models and then in obese subjects to identify and validate new therapeutic targets.

Accumulating evidence suggests that anti-inflammatory agents and antioxidants have neuroprotective properties and may be beneficial in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study, the possible neuroprotective properties of tolmetin, sulindac and turmeric were investigated. The antioxidant effects of tolmetin and sulindac were determined by inducing free radical generation with quinolinic acid (QA), cyanide or iron (II) in rat brain homogenates or primary hippocampal neurons. Tolmetin and sulindac significantly reduce lipid peroxidation and scavenge the superoxide anion. Metal binding studies were conducted to determine whether metal chelation is a possible mechanism through which these agents reduce QA and iron (II)-induced lipid peroxidation. UV/VIS, infrared spectroscopy as well as electrochemical studies show that both agents bind to iron (II) and/or iron (III). Histological examination of the hippocampus showed that pre-treatment of animals with tolmetin or sulindac offers protection against intrahippocampal injections of QA. These agents also attenuate QA-induced apoptosis and reduce the loss of neurons in the hippocampus. The co-incubation of primary hippocampal neurons with the NSAIDS also enhanced cell viability which is significantly reduced by QA. Behavioural studies using a water maze showed that the treatment of animals after QA-induced neurotoxicity reduces QA-induced spatial memory loss. Tolmetin and sulindac also reduced glutathione depletion and protein oxidation in rat hippocampus. Both NSAIDS inhibit liver tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity in vitro and in vivo and subsequently increased hippocampal serotonin levels. However, both NSAIDS also reduce dopamine levels in rat striatum. Tolmetin but not sulindac increased the synthesis of melatonin by the pineal gland. The active components of turmeric known as the curcuminoids were separated using preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC). The purity was confirmed by TLC, NMR and mass spectrometry. The environmental toxin lead, induces lipid peroxidation and reduces primary hippocampal neuronal viability. The co-incubation of the neurons with the curcuminoids significantly reduces lead-induced lipid peroxidation and enhances neuronal cell viability in the presence of lead. Lead-induced spatial memory deficit is also attenuated with curcumin, demethoxycurcumin but not bisdemethoxycurcumin. The curcuminoids also reduce lead-induced hippocampal glutathione depletion and protein oxidation. Metal binding studies show that the curcuminoids bind to lead and is another possible mechanism through which the curcuminoids reduce lead-induced neurotoxicity. The findings of this study indicate a possible role of tolmetin, sulindac and turmeric in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. However, tolmetin and sulindac reduce dopamine levels.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de uso do resíduo da extração de pigmento de cúrcuma na produção de filmes e coberturas. Para o estudo dos filmes, foram utilizados glicerol e sorbitol como plastificantes e avaliados os efeitos da concentração de farinha de cúrcuma e do plastificante sobre as propriedades mecânicas, solubilidade, permeabilidade ao vapor de água (PVA), molhabilidade, atividade antioxidante, teor de curcuminóides e teor de compostos fenólicos totais utilizando um Delineamento Central Composto Rotacional 22, e os resultados foram avaliados utilizando a metodologia de superfície de resposta (MSR). A concentração de farinha afetou de forma positiva a espessura, PVA e o teor de curcuminóides totais dos filmes plastificados com glicerol e sorbitol. Entretanto, esta variável afetou as propriedades de solubilidade, molhabilidade e teor de compostos fenólicos totais somente dos filmes com glicerol. A concentração de plastificante (glicerol ou sorbitol) afetou significativamente a solubilidade, PVA e molhabilidade de ambos os filmes. Filmes de farinha de cúrcuma com boas propriedades mecânicas, baixa permeabilidade ao vapor de água, alta atividade antioxidante, alto teor de curcuminóides e alto teor de compostos fenólicos totais podem ser produzidos utilizando 27,9 a 30 g glicerol/100 g farinha ou 30 a 42 g sorbitol/100 g farinha e concentração de farinha na faixa de 5% a 6,41%. A cobertura de farinha de cúrcuma contendo 6% de farinha e 30 g glicerol/100 g de farinha foi aplicada em bananas Maçã (Musa acuminata) armazenadas a 27ºC e 65% UR. Assim, foi avaliado o efeito da cobertura na qualidade pós-colheita das bananas em função à suas características físico-químicas como perda de massa, firmeza da polpa, pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, açúcares redutores e cor da casca. Os resultados mostraram que a cobertura foi eficiente em diminuir a perda de massa, o teor de açúcares redutores, a acidez, a perda da firmeza e a cor da casca principalmente durante a etapa de maturação do fruto. Entretanto, não foi observado grande efeito da cobertura sobre o pH e o teor de sólidos solúveis durante o período estudado. As bananas sem a cobertura tiveram vida útil de 6 dias, enquanto as bananas com cobertura tiveram vida útil de 9 dias. / This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of turmeric dye extraction residue in the production of films and coatings. To study the films, glycerol and sorbitol were used as plasticizers. A central composite rotational design 22 helped to analyze the effects of turmeric flour concentration and plasticizers on the mechanical properties, solubility, permeability to water vapor (PVA), wettability, antioxidant activity, curcuminoids content, and content of phenolic compounds in the films. The results were evaluated by means of the response surface methodology (RSM). The flour concentration affected the thickness, PVA, and total content of curcuminoids in the films plasticized with glycerol or sorbitol. However, this variable affected the solubility properties, wettability, and content of phenolic compounds of the films plasticized with glycerol only. The concentration of plasticizer (glycerol or sorbitol) significantly impacted the solubility, wettability, and PVA of both films. The parameters 27.9 to 30 g of glycerol/100 g of flour or 30 to 42 g of sorbitol g/100 g of flour and flour concentration ranging from 5 to 6.41% afforded turmeric flour films with good mechanical properties, low water vapor permeability, high antioxidant activity, high curcuminoid content, and high content of phenolic compounds. The turmeric flour coating containing 6% flour and 30 g of glycerol/100 g of flour was applied to bananas (Musa acuminata) stored at 27 °C and 65% RH. Then, the effect of the coating on the postharvest quality of the bananas in terms of the physical and chemical characteristics of the fruit such as weight loss, firmness, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, reducing sugars, and skin color were examined. The coating efficiently diminished weight loss, reducing sugar content, acidity, and loss of firmness and skin color especially during the maturation step. However, the coating did not significantly affect the pH and soluble solids during the study period. The bananas without the coating had shelf life of six days, whereas the coated bananas had shelf life of nine days.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T14:49:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Murilo Sousa Borges.pdf: 1287958 bytes, checksum: 47cdbff9ac97869cfefc1b71b6443bb6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-30 / The municipality of Mara Rosa is located in the state of Goias and is known as the Brazilian capital of turmeric as the largest producer of culture in Goias and Brazil. The activity of turmeric in Mara Rosa received assistance from public and private institutions since 1997, when the executive power of the municipality and the Association of Small Farmers in the region of Pastinho sought the Federal University of Goias to promote the development of the productive chain of turmeric in Goias. In 2004, after the creation of the Permanent Working Group for Local Production, created by the Federal Government, was established the Local Productive Arrangement (LPA) of turmeric in the municipality of Mara Rosa, made possible by the large number of producers of turmeric, in around 300, and the tradition of growing the crop in the region. The objective of this study is to understand the social, technological, economic and environmental changes occurred in LPA turmeric postinstitutional interventions. The theoretical studies were carried out previously directed to agribusiness turmeric authors Milhomem & Teixeira (1998), Marinozzi (2002) and Noronha (2003). The research was based on data collected directly from participants in the agribusiness of turmeric in the region. The survey found that the average yield per hectare had increased up to 50.0% and gross margin achieved by producers in the increased activity of turmeric. The study concludes that the interventions implemented and under implementation in the region have promoted the social, economic and technological producers of turmeric, with the need to adopt new practices in order to preserve the environment / O município de Mara Rosa está localizado no estado de Goiás e é conhecido como a capital brasileira do açafrão por ser o maior produtor da cultura em Goiás e no Brasil. A atividade do açafrão em Mara Rosa recebeu intervenções de instituições públicas e privadas a partir de 1997, quando o poder executivo do município e a Associação dos Pequenos Produtores Rurais da Região do Pastinho buscaram a Universidade Federal de Goiás a fim de promover o desenvolvimento da cadeia produtiva do açafrão em Goiás. Em 2004, após a criação do Grupo de Trabalho Permanente para Arranjos Produtivos Locais, criado pelo Governo Federal, foi implantado o Arranjo Produtivo Local (APL) de açafrão na região do município de Mara Rosa, possibilitado pelo grande número de produtores de açafrão, em torno de 300, e pela tradição da cultura na região. O objetivo do trabalho é conhecer as mudanças sociais, tecnológicas, econômicas e ambientais ocorridas no APL do açafrão pós-intervenções institucionais. A base teórica foram trabalhos anteriormente realizados dirigidos ao agronegócio do açafrão dos autores Milhomem & Teixeira (1998), Marinozzi (2002) e Noronha (2003). A pesquisa baseou-se em dados coletados diretamente junto aos participantes do agronegócio do açafrão na região. A pesquisa constatou que a produtividade média por hectare apresentou elevação acima de 50,0% e a margem bruta conseguida pelos produtores na atividade do açafrão aumentou. O trabalho concluiu que as intervenções executadas e em implantação na região têm promovido o desenvolvimento social, econômico e tecnológico dos produtores de açafrão, havendo a necessidade de adotar novas práticas com o intuito de preservar o meio ambiente.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de uso do resíduo da extração de pigmento de cúrcuma na produção de filmes e coberturas. Para o estudo dos filmes, foram utilizados glicerol e sorbitol como plastificantes e avaliados os efeitos da concentração de farinha de cúrcuma e do plastificante sobre as propriedades mecânicas, solubilidade, permeabilidade ao vapor de água (PVA), molhabilidade, atividade antioxidante, teor de curcuminóides e teor de compostos fenólicos totais utilizando um Delineamento Central Composto Rotacional 22, e os resultados foram avaliados utilizando a metodologia de superfície de resposta (MSR). A concentração de farinha afetou de forma positiva a espessura, PVA e o teor de curcuminóides totais dos filmes plastificados com glicerol e sorbitol. Entretanto, esta variável afetou as propriedades de solubilidade, molhabilidade e teor de compostos fenólicos totais somente dos filmes com glicerol. A concentração de plastificante (glicerol ou sorbitol) afetou significativamente a solubilidade, PVA e molhabilidade de ambos os filmes. Filmes de farinha de cúrcuma com boas propriedades mecânicas, baixa permeabilidade ao vapor de água, alta atividade antioxidante, alto teor de curcuminóides e alto teor de compostos fenólicos totais podem ser produzidos utilizando 27,9 a 30 g glicerol/100 g farinha ou 30 a 42 g sorbitol/100 g farinha e concentração de farinha na faixa de 5% a 6,41%. A cobertura de farinha de cúrcuma contendo 6% de farinha e 30 g glicerol/100 g de farinha foi aplicada em bananas Maçã (Musa acuminata) armazenadas a 27ºC e 65% UR. Assim, foi avaliado o efeito da cobertura na qualidade pós-colheita das bananas em função à suas características físico-químicas como perda de massa, firmeza da polpa, pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, açúcares redutores e cor da casca. Os resultados mostraram que a cobertura foi eficiente em diminuir a perda de massa, o teor de açúcares redutores, a acidez, a perda da firmeza e a cor da casca principalmente durante a etapa de maturação do fruto. Entretanto, não foi observado grande efeito da cobertura sobre o pH e o teor de sólidos solúveis durante o período estudado. As bananas sem a cobertura tiveram vida útil de 6 dias, enquanto as bananas com cobertura tiveram vida útil de 9 dias. / This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of turmeric dye extraction residue in the production of films and coatings. To study the films, glycerol and sorbitol were used as plasticizers. A central composite rotational design 22 helped to analyze the effects of turmeric flour concentration and plasticizers on the mechanical properties, solubility, permeability to water vapor (PVA), wettability, antioxidant activity, curcuminoids content, and content of phenolic compounds in the films. The results were evaluated by means of the response surface methodology (RSM). The flour concentration affected the thickness, PVA, and total content of curcuminoids in the films plasticized with glycerol or sorbitol. However, this variable affected the solubility properties, wettability, and content of phenolic compounds of the films plasticized with glycerol only. The concentration of plasticizer (glycerol or sorbitol) significantly impacted the solubility, wettability, and PVA of both films. The parameters 27.9 to 30 g of glycerol/100 g of flour or 30 to 42 g of sorbitol g/100 g of flour and flour concentration ranging from 5 to 6.41% afforded turmeric flour films with good mechanical properties, low water vapor permeability, high antioxidant activity, high curcuminoid content, and high content of phenolic compounds. The turmeric flour coating containing 6% flour and 30 g of glycerol/100 g of flour was applied to bananas (Musa acuminata) stored at 27 °C and 65% RH. Then, the effect of the coating on the postharvest quality of the bananas in terms of the physical and chemical characteristics of the fruit such as weight loss, firmness, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, reducing sugars, and skin color were examined. The coating efficiently diminished weight loss, reducing sugar content, acidity, and loss of firmness and skin color especially during the maturation step. However, the coating did not significantly affect the pH and soluble solids during the study period. The bananas without the coating had shelf life of six days, whereas the coated bananas had shelf life of nine days.

<p>With 2.1 million new cases, breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is 15-20% of these breast cancer cases is clinically negative for expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER/PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) receptors<a>.</a> It is characterized by its unique molecular profile, aggressive behavior, distinct patterns of metastasis, and lack of targeted therapies. TNBCs utilize glycolysis for growth, proliferation, invasiveness, chemotherapeutic resistance and hence has poor therapeutic response. There is an urgent need for novel/alternate therapeutic strategies beyond current standard of treatment for this subset of high-risk patients. Electrical pulse-based chemotherapy, known as electrochemotherapy (ECT) could be a viable option for TNBC therapy. ECT involves the local application of precisely controlled electrical pulses to reversibly permeabilize the cell membrane for enhanced uptake. ECT can increase the cytotoxicity of the chemotherapeutics up-to 1000 times, facilitating a potent local cytotoxic effect. </p> <p>The high cost and severe side-effects of conventional chemotherapeutics motivate the application of effective natural compounds. Combining electrical pulses with natural compounds will enhance the treatment efficacy. This dissertation focuses on curcumin, the yellow pigment of natural herb turmeric, that has been used for over 5000 years for its excellent anticancer properties. Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of curcumin for treating multiple cancers, including TNBC, with limited side effects. The potency of curcumin can be enhanced further by combining it with ECT to provide an attractive and cost-effective alternative for TNBC treatment. </p> <p>Towards this we studied the effect of ECT with curcumin on MDA-MB-231 cell line, a human adenocarcinoma epithelial TNBC cell line. We performed various assays, including cell viability, colony forming, cell cycle, apoptosis, H₂O₂ reactive oxygen species (ROS), immunoblotting, real time quantitative PCR (qPCR), and cellular metabolites detection to study the impact of ECT with curcumin on MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, to better understand the underlying mechanisms, we used high throughput, label-free quantitative proteomics. While several studies have attempted to define the mechanism of action of curcumin on cancer cells, little is known on the action mechanism of the curcumin delivered with electrical pulses. This work unravels the molecular mechanism behind the enhanced effects observed under the ECT-based curcumin therapy in TNBC cells, employing a high-throughput, quantitative, label-free mass spectroscopy-based proteomics approach. The proteomics approach provides information on the thousands of cellular proteins involved in the cellular process, allowing a comprehensive understanding of the electro-curcumin-therapy mechanism. Similar studies were also performed for ECT with cisplatin to compare the efficacy of the electro-curcumin-therapy to the standard stand-alone cisplatin-based therapy.</p> <p>Our results revealed a switch in the metabolism from glycolysis to mitochondrial metabolic pathways. This metabolic switch caused an excessive production of H₂O₂ ROS to inflict apoptotic cell death in MDA-MB-231 cells, demonstrating the potency of this ECT based curcumin therapy. These results encourage further studies to extend the application of ECT for clinical practice.</p>

This master thesis focuses on the phylogeny of hybridogenous and polyploid genus Curcuma from family Zingiberaceae using Next-Generation Sequencing data from hundreds to thousands nuclear loci. This approach seems to be better than widely used cpDNA and ITS sequencing especially in the case of hybridogenous and polyploid groups. Data for phylogeny reconstruction were generated using Hybridization-based sequencing (Hyb-Seq) method which combines target enrichment and genome skimming strategies. Data analysis was performed primarily using pipeline HybPhyloMaker especially created for Hyb-Seq data analysis. Twenty-seven species from the genus Curcuma and three outgroup species were sequenced in this work. Phylogenetic trees based on all 1 154 and 811 selected nuclear low- copy genes show high support values of all nodes which is in contrast to plastome and rDNA phylogeny with lower support values in some nodes and incongruences in topology compared to low-copy genes phylogeny. Phylogenetic networks inferred from low-copy genes, lineage movement analysis and monophyly tests agree with published hypotheses of interlineage hybrid origin of three species - C. vamana, C. myanmarensis and C. roscoeana. These analyzes show likely hybrid origin of C. candida too with parents from the group Curcuma I and basal...

ウコン利用の一形態であるウコン熱水エキスの抗炎症作用について検証することを目的として本研究を行った。内皮細胞もしくはマクロファージを使用した細胞試験を実施し、ウコン熱水エキスの抗炎症作用を実証した。また、その作用機序を一部明らかにし、その作用に寄与する成分を一部明らかにした。さらに、臨床試験を実施し、ウコン熱水エキスが健常者の気分状態に対する作用を評価し、その摂取が疲労を改善する可能性があることが示唆された。 / 博士(理学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Science / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

Tesis por compendio / [ES] Esta memoria de tesis presenta una contribución al estudio de la funcionalización de sustratos textiles mediante la encapsulación de diferentes compuestos empleando la técnica del electrohilado. La variabilidad de la electrohilatura, tanto a nivel del equipo empleado como del propio proceso de electrohilado, permite la posibilidad de obtener morfologías y composiciones de nanofibras completamente distintas. En este trabajo se han abordado dos técnicas de preparación de la solución polimérica a emplear durante el proceso, los métodos de emulsión y dispersión. Ambas técnicas han posibilitado la adición de varios compuestos que han aportados nuevas características a nanofibras de PVA electrohiladas. Tras analizar los resultados obtenidos de las nanofibras extruidas a partir de la solución por emulsión, se ha demostrado la capacidad de encapsular aceites esenciales, tomillo y salvia, mediante electrohilatura. La caracterización realizada a los velos nanofibrosos demuestran la aparición de microcápsulas a lo largo de la sección longitudinal de las fibras debido a la encapsulación del aceite en su interior. Por otro lado, el método de dispersión ha sido evaluado mediante la adición de cúrcuma, compuesto no soluble en agua, a una solución de PVA. Los datos resultantes de las caracterizaciones han evidenciado la capacidad de la cúrcuma de actuar como sensor halocrómico aún estando encapsulada en el interior de las nanofibras electrohiladas. Al mismo tiempo, se ha examinado si esta capacidad halocrómica se mantiene cuando las nanofibras de PVA, que inicialmente son solubles en agua, se someten a un proceso de reticulación con ácido cítrico para su insolubilización. Los resultados han demostrado la continuidad del halocromismo, aunque difiere en la tonalidad del color resultante. Finalmente, se concluye con una comparativa por adición de materia colorante mediante los dos métodos explicados a una solución polimérica. Los velos nanofibrosos fabricados a partir de la solución dispersada presentaban una notable coloración en su superficie, mientras que las nanofibras producidas a partir de la solución por emulsión no presentaban color, lo cual vuelve a justificar la encapsulación del aceite coloreado en el interior de la nanofibra. / [CA] Aquesta memòria de tesi presenta una contribució a l'estudi de la funcionalització de substrats tèxtils mitjançant l'encapsulació de diferents compostos emprant la tècnica de l'electrofilat. La variabilitat de l'electrofilatura, tant a nivell de l'equip emprat com del procés d'electrofilat propi, permet la possibilitat d'obtenir morfologies i composicions de nanofibres completament diferents. En aquest treball s'han abordat dues tècniques de preparació de la solució polimèrica a emprar durant el procés, els mètodes d'emulsió i de dispersió. Ambdues tècniques han possibilitat l'addició de diversos compostos que han aportat noves característiques a nanofibres de PVA electrofilades. Després d'analitzar els resultats obtinguts de les nanofibres extruïdes a partir de la solució per emulsió, s'ha demostrat la capacitat d'encapsular olis essencials, farigola i sàlvia, mitjançant electrofil·latura. La caracterització realitzada a les estores nanofibroses demostren l'aparició de microcàpsules al llarg de la secció longitudinal de les fibres a causa de l'encapsulació de l'oli al seu interior. D'altra banda, el mètode de dispersió s'ha avaluat mitjançant l'addició de cúrcuma, compost no soluble en aigua, a una solució de PVA. Les dades resultants de les caracteritzacions han evidenciat la capacitat de la cúrcuma d'actuar com a sensor halocròmic encara estant encapsulada a l'interior de les nanofibres electrofilades. Alhora, s'ha examinat si aquesta capacitat halocròmica es manté quan les nanofibres de PVA, que inicialment són solubles en aigua, se sotmeten a un procés de reticulació amb àcid cítric per a la seua insolubilització. Els resultats han demostrat la continuïtat de l'halocromisme encara que difereix en la tonalitat del color resultant. Finalment, es conclou amb una comparativa per addició de matèria colorant mitjançant els dos mètodes explicats a una solució polimèrica. Els vels nanofibrosos fabricats a partir de la solució dispersada presentaven una notable coloració a la superfície, mentre que les nanofibres produïdes a partir de la solució per emulsió no presentaven color, la qual cosa torna a justificar l'encapsulació de l'oli acolorit a l'interior de la nanofibra. / [EN] This thesis report presents a contribution to the study of the functionalisation of textile substrates through the encapsulation of different compounds using the electrospinning technique. The variability of electrospinning, both at the level of the equipment used and of the electrospinning process itself, allows the possibility of obtaining completely different morphologies and compositions of nanofibres. In this work, two techniques for the preparation of the polymer solution to be used during the process have been addressed, the emulsion and dispersion methods. Both techniques have allowed the addition of several compounds that have provided new properties to electrospun PVA nanofibres. After analysing the results obtained from the nanofibres extruded from the emulsion solution, the ability to encapsulate essential oils, thyme and sage, by electrospinning was demonstrated. The characterisation of the nanofibrous mats shows the appearance of microcapsules along the longitudinal section of the fibres, due to the encapsulation of the oil inside them. On the other hand, the dispersion method was evaluated by adding turmeric, a non-water soluble compound, to a PVA solution. The data obtained from the characterisations have showed the ability of turmeric to act as a halochromic sensor even when encapsulated in the electrospun nanofibres. At the same time, it was investigaed whether this halochromic capacity is maintained when the PVA nanofibres, which are initially soluble in water, undergo a cross-linking process with citric acid to insolubilise them. The results have shown the continuity of the halochromism, although the resulting shade is different. Finally, we compare the addition of dyes to a polymer solution using the two methods described above. The nanofibrous veils produced from the dispersed solution showed a noticeable colouration on their surface, whereas the nanofibres produced from the emulsion solution were colourless, which again justifies the encapsulation of the coloured oil inside the nanofibre. / Mínguez García, D. (2024). Funcionalización de textiles mediante encapsulación por electrohilatura [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/202719 / Compendio