A evolução da consciência ambientalista, edificada sobre movimentos mundiais com repercussão no Brasil, conduziu à adoção de princípios e normas que deram origem ao direito ambiental, setor jurídico que disciplina as relações do ser humano com o meio ambiente, enfocando, dentre todos os seus aspectos, os recursos naturais e, dentre eles, de forma especial, as águas doces. Observado o sistema federativo brasileiro, a partilha constitucional de competências adotada pela Constituição Federal de 1988 e o domínio dos recursos hídricos, partilhado entre a União e os Estados, o presente trabalho objetiva verificar se o município, dotado de ampla autonomia, com órgãos governamentais próprios e posse exclusiva de competências, tem poderes para efetuar o planejamento, a gestão e a tutela das águas doces. Analisados os princípios ambientais, as fontes formais e o complexo de normas jurídicas que informam o direito ambiental, com ênfase para a legislação, a doutrina e a jurisprudência concernentes aos recursos hídricos, conclui-se que o município tem um importante papel a desempenhar na proteção das águas doces, estando apto a legislar, fiscalizar e adotar providências que se insiram no contexto de predominância do interesse local, respeitadas as competências constitucionais e legais dos demais entes da federação, com os quais deverá agir em regime de cooperação para que seja efetivamente concretizado o tão almejado conceito de sustentabilidade ambiental. / The evolution of environmental awareness built on world movements with reflexes in Brazil led to the adoption of principles and rules which originated environmental rights, a legal field which establishes the human relations with the environment, focusing, amongst all their aspects, on natural resources and, among them, in a special way, on freshwater. The present work intends to verify if township, gifted of wide autonomy, with its governmental structure and exclusive competences, has enough power to plan, manage and protect the freshwater, observed the Brazilian Federative System, the constitutional sharing of competences adopted by the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the control of water resources, shared between the Union and the States. Considering the environmental principles, the formal sources and the legal rules that support environmental rights, enphasizing legislation, doctrine and jurisprudence concerning water resources, it is conclusive in verifying that towns have an important role to play on the protection of fresh water, being able to legislate, guard and adopt measures qualified as of local interest, respecting the constitutional and legal competences of the other federation States and acting in cooperation to achieve environmental sustainability.

A evolução da consciência ambientalista, edificada sobre movimentos mundiais com repercussão no Brasil, conduziu à adoção de princípios e normas que deram origem ao direito ambiental, setor jurídico que disciplina as relações do ser humano com o meio ambiente, enfocando, dentre todos os seus aspectos, os recursos naturais e, dentre eles, de forma especial, as águas doces. Observado o sistema federativo brasileiro, a partilha constitucional de competências adotada pela Constituição Federal de 1988 e o domínio dos recursos hídricos, partilhado entre a União e os Estados, o presente trabalho objetiva verificar se o município, dotado de ampla autonomia, com órgãos governamentais próprios e posse exclusiva de competências, tem poderes para efetuar o planejamento, a gestão e a tutela das águas doces. Analisados os princípios ambientais, as fontes formais e o complexo de normas jurídicas que informam o direito ambiental, com ênfase para a legislação, a doutrina e a jurisprudência concernentes aos recursos hídricos, conclui-se que o município tem um importante papel a desempenhar na proteção das águas doces, estando apto a legislar, fiscalizar e adotar providências que se insiram no contexto de predominância do interesse local, respeitadas as competências constitucionais e legais dos demais entes da federação, com os quais deverá agir em regime de cooperação para que seja efetivamente concretizado o tão almejado conceito de sustentabilidade ambiental. / The evolution of environmental awareness built on world movements with reflexes in Brazil led to the adoption of principles and rules which originated environmental rights, a legal field which establishes the human relations with the environment, focusing, amongst all their aspects, on natural resources and, among them, in a special way, on freshwater. The present work intends to verify if township, gifted of wide autonomy, with its governmental structure and exclusive competences, has enough power to plan, manage and protect the freshwater, observed the Brazilian Federative System, the constitutional sharing of competences adopted by the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the control of water resources, shared between the Union and the States. Considering the environmental principles, the formal sources and the legal rules that support environmental rights, enphasizing legislation, doctrine and jurisprudence concerning water resources, it is conclusive in verifying that towns have an important role to play on the protection of fresh water, being able to legislate, guard and adopt measures qualified as of local interest, respecting the constitutional and legal competences of the other federation States and acting in cooperation to achieve environmental sustainability.

Submitted by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-30T14:00:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VICENTE DA CUNHA PASSOS JÚNIOR.pdf: 1833783 bytes, checksum: 6ca43e7c9f248f4a89ee437a368daa84 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-30T14:11:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 VICENTE DA CUNHA PASSOS JÚNIOR.pdf: 1833783 bytes, checksum: 6ca43e7c9f248f4a89ee437a368daa84 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-30T14:11:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VICENTE DA CUNHA PASSOS JÚNIOR.pdf: 1833783 bytes, checksum: 6ca43e7c9f248f4a89ee437a368daa84 (MD5) / O tema da presente pesquisa é a possibilidade de aplicação do princípio da solidariedade para a ampliação do conceito de superendividamento. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi perquirir se o princípio da solidariedade extraído da Constituição Federal de 1988 seria capaz de ampliar o conceito de superendividamento, diante da importância dessa situação e pela constância desse problema em tempos de crises econômicas. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi dividida em três partes. Na primeira discorreu-se sobre as modificações ocorridas na teoria geral dos contratos, abordando o atual papel dos princípios contratuais na sociedade, tendo em vista que o superendividamento é significativamente causado por relações contratuais, especialmente as de fornecimento de crédito ou, até mesmo em outros tipos de contrato que comprometam sua capacidade de honrar seus compromissos. Na segunda parte, analisou-se a situação do hiperconsumo e o superendividamento, com o objetivo de demonstrar quais as relações que existem entre tais figuras, e apresentando qual o posicionamento doutrinário sobre o superendividamento, já que será proposta a ampliação do conceito deste instituto. Por fim, no último capítulo, buscou-se demonstrar que o princípio da solidariedade, com amparo no princípio da dignidade humana e preocupado com a preservação do mínimo existencial, pode servir de fundamento para a ampliação do conceito de superendividamento, para que outras pessoas possam receber a tutela legal protetiva de seus direitos em situações ainda não admitidas pela doutrina nem pelo Projeto de Lei 3.515/2015 que trata do tema, razão pela qual sugerimos a ampliação do conceito para o superendividamento. / The present research's theme is the possibility of expansion of the concept of over-indebtedness by the application of the principle of solidarity. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to inquire if the principle of solidarity extracted from Brazil's Constitution of 1988 is apt to extend the concept of over-indebtedness, considering the importance of the situation and the constancy that it occurs during economic crisis. To archive so, the research was divided in three parts. The first discussed about the modifications that happened to the contract theory, approaching the current role from the contractual principles in society, contemplating that the over-indebtedness is significantly caused by contractual relations, especially as credits supply or, even by contracts that compromise the ability to honor its obligations. At the second part, was analyzed the hyperconsumerism and the over-indebtedness, aiming to demonstrate the relation between the figures, and displaying what is the doctrinal position about over-indebtedness, since there will be proposed a extension of its concept. Lastly, in the final piece, was attempted to show that the principle of solidarity, as an assistance in the principle of the human dignity and the concern about the preservation of the minimum existential, can be used as foundation for an expansion of the concept of over-indebtedness, so that other people can receive the legal protection of their rights in situations not yet admitted not even by Bill nº 3515/2015 that contains the theme, reason that suggests extends the concept for over-indebtedness.

Cette recherche espère apporter quelques éléments nouveaux à la réflexion critique sur les migrations forcées intra-muros. Ce phénomène a été défini par la Cour Constitutionnelle comme une émergence sociale, et, par la littérature internationale et nationale, comme un problème des droits de l’homme et de droit international humanitaire. Notre étude concerne le rôle de la Cour Constitutionnelle face au déplacement colombien en tant que régulatrice des politiques publiques: il s’agit de démontrer que le juge constitutionnel colombien joue un rôle sui-generis, par rapport au traditionnel travail mis en place par le juge constitutionnel dans les systèmes de Western Legal Tradition. L’idée principale de ce travail est celle de souligner son hyper activisme, dans le cadre d’une démocratie qui fait face à un conflit armé interne. Cette compétence, qui avec le temps s’est consolidée dans la pratique constitutionnelle colombienne, peut être expliquée au travers du manque de volonté politique des autres pouvoirs de l’Etat pour mettre en place des politiques publiques dans certains domaines, davantage dans le domaine économique que dans celui des droits sociaux. Cette expérience pourrait envisager une nouvelle conception de démocratie à niveau global, dans laquelle la Cour Constitutionnelle fait pression sur les autres pouvoirs publics afin d’avancer, de facto, sur le plan de la protection des droits fondamentaux des victimes des violations des droits, et pourrait être un modèle pour d’autres pays qui vivent le drame du déplacement forcé. / The thesis’ aim is to focus on the subject of internally displaced persons, IDPs, in Colombia. In particular, this paper seeks to underline the special role played by the Constitutional Court in defending the fundamental rights of IDPs, both as a judge and a public political actor. Colombia has the second highest number of IDPs in the world, making it a crucial social problem for human rights and humanitarian law. The Colombian constitutional judge declared the « estado de cosas inconstitucional » vis-à-vis the IDPs situation: this refers to the fact that internal displacement is a dramatic situation that needs the intervention of many public institutions to be solved. In this thesis I’ll state that Colombian Constitutional court became, de facto, a sort of public policies maker, in order to guarantee the rights to be effective. In particular, since 2004 it is becoming a real policy maker, editing a log of follow-up decisions to the T! -025 sentence, including specific orders to the local and national authorities, to protect the IDPs’ rights. In particular, the Constitutional court stated a « special constitutional protection » for victims of displacement including children, women, afro Colombian community, indigenous communities, and disabled people. We consider Colombia a relevant case of study, with both a well-developed legal system of protection of IDPs and a sui generis Constitutional judge hyperactivisme that may be considered as a model for others countries dealing with an internal conflict, but relying on a firm institutional framework.