The primary goal of this study was to investigate and compare the fermentation performance of malt produced from eleven Canadian two-row barley varieties grown during the 2007 and 2008 crop seasons. Common malting varieties tested included Harrington, AC Metcalfe, CDC Copeland, CDC Kendall, and feed varieties CDC Dolly, CDC Bold, CDC Helgason and McLeod. As well, three experimental varieties, TR251; TR306; and BM9752D-17, were included in this study due to their varied display of enzymatic activity; of chief interest was the ?-amylase thermal stability. Fermentations were carried out using the standard miniaturized fermentation assay and SMA yeast. Apparent Extract (AE), absorbance, fermentable carbohydrates, and ethanol were measured throughout fermentation. Attenuation, carbohydrate and ethanol data were modeled using the logistic equation, and absorbance data was modeled using the newly developed Tilted Gaussian equation. Results indicate that all but the feed varieties fermented well, achieving low final attenuation, and exhibiting similar fermentation characteristics. Despite only minor performance differences among the top fermenters, it was found that between crop seasons both AC Metcalfe and CDC Copeland fermented as well or better than Harrington, as measured by their respective Apparent Degree of Fermentation (ADF). Harrington displayed substantial performance variation between seasons, while test variety BM9752D-17 fermented the most consistently between years, displaying enhanced fermentation to that of Harrington in 2008. Despite high ?-amylase thermostability, BM9752D-17 did not display enhanced fermentation performance to that of CDC Copeland or AC Metcalfe.

Carvone is a flavor and fragrance compound that is prominent in nature and is found in the essential oils of many plants. Carvone exists as two enantiomers, (R)-(-)-carvone which has a spearmint aroma and (S)-(+)-carvone which has a caraway aroma and can be used in a variety of applications: as a common food additive, as an antimicrobial/antifungal agent and as a potato sprout inhibitor. Carvone is currently produced by the extraction of essential oils from plants where the yield and quality of the extracted oil depends largely on successful agricultural production of dill, spearmint and caraway plants. Biotechnological production can offer a constant supply of carvone that is independent of several agricultural limitations. In this study, it was confirmed that the substrate and product of the microbial biotransformation of trans-carveol to (R)-(-)-carvone by Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14 can be inhibitory to the cells at high concentrations. As such, a two phase partitioning bioreactor was employed where the function of the second phase (immiscible organic solvent or solid polymer beads) was to partition the inhibitory substrate into the aqueous phase at a rate governed by the metabolic demand of the cells and uptake the inhibitory product as it accumulated in the aqueous phase. Rational selection strategies were employed when determining the appropriate organic solvent and solid polymer to be used as the second phase. The performance of the reactor was evaluated based on volumetric productivity, length of biotransformation and total volume of substrate added to the reactor. The most successful reactor configuration was one in which styrene/butadiene copolymer beads were used as a second phase in the reactor and the fermentation medium was continuously circulated through an external extraction column packed with Hytrel® 8206 polymer beads. The volumetric productivity, length of biotransformation and total volume of substrate added to this reactor were 99 mg/L.h, 48.75 h and 35 mL, respectively whereas in the single phase benchmark reactor the performance indicators were only 31 mg/L.h, 15.25 h and 5 mL, respectively. These results clearly show the advantage of employing a partitioning bioreactor configuration for the biotechnological production of high value chemical species that exhibit cytotoxicity. / Thesis (Master, Chemical Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-24 10:20:09.589

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In the present work, experimental data is obtained for the amount of air entrained by water and sugar solutions, of viscosities 3.6 and 4.7 centipoises, flowing down pipes of diameters 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 inches. The dynamics of vapour entraining flow is discussed, and a method for calculating liquid flow rate at which pipe flows full is suggested. The experimental results have been presented in terms of some of the common dimensionless groups used in fluid mechanics in an attempt to develop an overall correlation scheme.

This thesis reports on a secondary analysis of individual and focus group interviews from the Aboriginal Two-Spirit and LGBTQ Migration, Mobility and Health research project (Ristock, Zoccole, and Passante, 2010; Ristock, Zoccole, & Potskin, 2011). This was a community-based qualitative research project following Indigenous and feminist methods, involving two community Advisory Committees, and adopting research principles of Ownership Control Access and Possession (OCAP) (First Nations Centre, 2007). This analysis reviews data from 50 participants in Winnipeg and Vancouver and answers: How do Aboriginal Two-Spirit and LGBTQ people describe home, community and belonging in the context of migration, multiple identities, and in a positive framework focusing on wellbeing, strengths and resilience? Findings demonstrate how participants experience marginalization in both Aboriginal and gay communities. Their words illustrate factors such as safety required to facilitate positive identities, community building, belonging, and sense of home. For participants in this study home is a place where they can bring multiple identities, a geographical place, a physical or metaphorical space (with desired tone, feeling), and a quality of relationships. Community is about places, relationships, participation, and shared interests. Belonging is relational and interactive, feeling safe, accepted, and welcome to be yourself. Detractors interfere with positive meaning making and are identified in examples of contemporary effects of historical trauma. Also included are participant recommendations for community building, descriptions of holistic wellbeing, and examples of many ways urban Aboriginal Two-Spirit and LGBTQ people are creating communities of Two-Spirit vitality and resurgence (Simpson, 2011).

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