This thesis examines the ways that Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare use their history plays to subvert the ideals of early modern England. Writing plays about historical events gave the playwrights freedom to depict certain things on stage that would have otherwise been unacceptable, and because they had history as their source, they could show events that were parallel to the current happenings in England and make commentary on those events.

Processos colisionais envolvendo transferência de energia têm sido intensivamente investigados em amostras de átomos de Rydberg frios nos últimos anos. Alguns grupos de pesquisa têm interpretado tais processos utilizando um modelo de muitos corpos; nosso grupo tem explicado tais processos, considerando a interação de dois corpos em um potencial de ultralongo alcance e o movimento sob a ação de um potencial. Nesta tese nós investigamos tais processos de colisão envolvendo átomos de Rydberg frios, produzidos em uma armadilha magneto-óptica. A investigação da evolução temporal de estados de Rydberg produzidos por colisões para diferentes densidades atômicas nos permite demonstrar que o processo binário é dominante. Além disso, mostramos que a radiação de corpo negro não pode ser desprezada nestes experimentos. Finalmente, sugerimos melhorias para um modelo semi-clássico de dinâmica colisional proposto por nosso grupo. / Collisional processes involving energy transfer have been intensively investigated in samples of cold Rydberg atoms in the last years. Some research groups have interpreted such processes using a many body model; on the other hand our group has explained such processes considering a two body interaction in an ultralong range potential and the atomic motion under the influence of such potential. In this work, we have investigated such atomic collisions involving cold Rydberg atoms, produced in a magneto-optical trap. The time evolution study of the Rydberg states produced by collisions for different atomic densities has shown us that the binary process is dominant in such system. Beyond that, we have shown that the radiation of black body cannot be neglected in these experiments. Finally, we suggest improvements for the semi-classical collissional dynamic model proposed by our group.

Ce travail s'applique à éclairer les rapports qu'entretiennent la mort et la succession monarchique dans le théâtre tragique français du XVIIe siècle. Telle qu'elle est présentée par les textes théoriques et juridiques de l'époque moderne, la succession monarchique ne semble guère se prêter à la scène tragique. Dès lors, pourquoi et comment les dramaturges la représentent-ils ? C'est ce paradoxe que nous éclairons en adoptant une démarche pluridisciplinaire. Dans un premier temps, nous montrons que les dramaturges tragiques rejettent la mystique que la théorie politique contemporaine présente comme acquise, en particulier la fiction mystique des deux corps du roi. Cela ouvre la porte à toutes sortes de crises, ce qui ne signifie pas pour autant que la mort se produise toujours dans notre corpus. Selon les circonstances, un même motif (ambition, amour, liens du sang) peut mener à des issues strictement contraires. Aussi les dramaturges créent-ils des tragiques divers, qui vont du spectacle pathétique de la ruine des uns à la générosité sublime des autres. Il font donc preuve d'une grande liberté dans le traitement de la succession monarchique, ce qui pose problème. À une époque où le pouvoir royal s'absolutise, il peut sembler périlleux de présenter de tels désordres sur scène. C'est pourquoi nous nous attachons, dans un dernier temps, à prendre la mesure du potentiel subversif de notre corpus et à expliquer comment les dramaturges ont pu traiter un sujet aussi délicat de façon aussi variée. / This PhD dissertation focuses on the links between death and monarchic succession in Seventeenth Century French tragedies, tragi-comedies and heroic comedies. Since political philosophers and legal scholars of the Early Modern Era always present the monarch's death as natural and serene, succession did not seem to be of particular interest for tragic playwrights. One can therefore wonder why and how they staged succession crises. This is the question this dissertation answers in an interdisciplinary perspective. First, this dissertation shows that their plays did not present the mystical doctrine of the King's two bodies as valid. That is why playwrights could elaborate on all sorts of succession crises. This does not mean howewer that death always occurs in Seventeenth Century French Tragic Drama, even though it is often the case. Depending on the situations, similar patterns (ambition, love, blood ties) can lead to completely opposite endings. That is why playwrights sometimes aroused pity, horror, but also admiration in the spectator, which means they had great liberty when they staged succession. That can appear odd, as it is well-known that the Seventeenth Century saw the rising of absolutism in France. Why would the authorities allow such a fundamental issue to be questioned publicly? This is why this dissertation finally studies to what extent the French Tragic Drama of this period was subversive, and how playwrights could manage to stage such a delicate question as monarchic succession.

Processos colisionais envolvendo transferência de energia têm sido intensivamente investigados em amostras de átomos de Rydberg frios nos últimos anos. Alguns grupos de pesquisa têm interpretado tais processos utilizando um modelo de muitos corpos; nosso grupo tem explicado tais processos, considerando a interação de dois corpos em um potencial de ultralongo alcance e o movimento sob a ação de um potencial. Nesta tese nós investigamos tais processos de colisão envolvendo átomos de Rydberg frios, produzidos em uma armadilha magneto-óptica. A investigação da evolução temporal de estados de Rydberg produzidos por colisões para diferentes densidades atômicas nos permite demonstrar que o processo binário é dominante. Além disso, mostramos que a radiação de corpo negro não pode ser desprezada nestes experimentos. Finalmente, sugerimos melhorias para um modelo semi-clássico de dinâmica colisional proposto por nosso grupo. / Collisional processes involving energy transfer have been intensively investigated in samples of cold Rydberg atoms in the last years. Some research groups have interpreted such processes using a many body model; on the other hand our group has explained such processes considering a two body interaction in an ultralong range potential and the atomic motion under the influence of such potential. In this work, we have investigated such atomic collisions involving cold Rydberg atoms, produced in a magneto-optical trap. The time evolution study of the Rydberg states produced by collisions for different atomic densities has shown us that the binary process is dominant in such system. Beyond that, we have shown that the radiation of black body cannot be neglected in these experiments. Finally, we suggest improvements for the semi-classical collissional dynamic model proposed by our group.

Toni Morrison reinterprets and reconstitutes American history by placing the lives, stories and experiences of African Americans in a position of centrality, while relegating white American history and cultural traditions to the margins of her narratives. She rewrites American history from an alternative - African American woman's - perspective, and subverts the accepted racist and patriarchally inspired `truths' about life, love and women's experiences through her sympathetic depiction of murderous mother love and complex female relationships in Beloved. She writes about oppression, pain and suffering, and of the need for the acknowledgement and alleviation of the various forms of oppression that scar human existence. Morrison's engagement with healing in Beloved forms the central focus of this short dissertation. The novel is analysed in relation to Mary Douglas's `Two Bodies' theory, John Caputo's ideas on progressive Foucaultian hermeneutics and healing gestures, and Julia Martin's thoughts on alternative healing practices based on non-dualism and interconnectedness. Within this interdisciplinary context, Beloved is read as a `small start' to `creative engagement' with alternative healing practices (Martin, 1996:104). / English / M.A. (English)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:23:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Renato Ferraz da Silveira.pdf: 1652261 bytes, checksum: 1f09a3145db00592751c3a62891ac56e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The tragedy of the politics is the certainty of the unexpected, the constant replacement of human energies, the effort to avoid the inevitable, the search for order and harmony, in face of the imbalance and chaos. By means of theoretical research, this study comes to the understanding about the shattering and devastating meaning of politics as tragedy, in that it´s searched, by the Hermeneutic, focus, relate, analyze William Shakespeare´s work historical time, the English king Ricardo II government, beyond the controversial theory of the kings divine right reinforced, discussed and extended by the English jurists during Queen Elizabeth govern (1558-1603). It was selected, as analysis cuttings, the conflicts, paradoxes, tensions, search for legality and legitimacy, the imminent human beings involvement in a tragic dimension in which life and death, ascent and decadence, glory and failure are inevitable and constituents phases of the political power eternal dispute . It´s believed that Shakespeare has achieved reveal the Two Bodies of the king tragedy in that piece called Ricardo II. By that reason, that medieval legal doctrine of the Shakespeare literary output cannot be separated and, if that theory has been losing its meaning in time, it still has human and concrete meaning nowadays; this, in great extent, dues to him. It is considered, in this study, that Shakespeare dominated the jargon of almost all the human position, besides the contact of this with the constitutional and legal speech of his time. Besides that, the poet conception about the king twin nature does not depend on constitutional protection only, since the piece conceives, a lot naturally, the king twin nature. In that sense, it is expected that the present study contributes for the understanding search of the Two Bodies of the king theory, that it´s constituted in a ramification of the Christian theological thought and, consequently, that piece remains like a Christian political theology landmark / A tragédia da política é a certeza do inesperado, a constante reposição de energias humanas, o esforço para evitar o inevitável, a busca da ordem e da harmonia em face do desequilíbrio e do caos. Por meio de pesquisa teórica, este estudo volta-se para o entendimento acerca do impactante e devastador significado de política como tragédia, em que buscamos, com base na Hermenêutica, enfocar, relacionar, analisar o tempo histórico da obra de William Shakespeare, o governo do rei inglês Ricardo II, além da controversa teoria do direito divino dos reis reforçada, discutida e ampliada pelos juristas ingleses durante o governo da rainha Elisabeth (1558-1603). Foram selecionados como recortes para análise os conflitos, paradoxos, tensões, busca de legalidade e legitimidade, os iminentes envolvimentos dos seres humanos, numa dimensão trágica, em que vida e morte, ascensão e decadência, glória e fracasso são etapas inevitáveis e constitutivas da eterna disputa pelo poder político. Acreditamos que Shakespeare tenha alcançado revelar a tragédia dos Dois Corpos do rei nessa peça Ricardo II. Por essa razão, não se pode separar essa doutrina jurídica medieval da produção literária de Shakespeare e, se essa teoria esvaneceu no tempo, ainda possui, hoje, significado concreto e humano; isso, em grande parte, deve-se a ele. Consideramos, neste trabalho, que Shakespeare dominava o jargão de quase todo o ofício humano, além do contato deste com a fala constitucional e jurídica de seu tempo. Além disso, a concepção do poeta sobre a natureza gêmea do rei não depende de amparo somente constitucional, uma vez que a peça concebe, muito naturalmente, a natureza geminada do rei. Nesse sentido, esperamos que o estudo em pauta contribua para a busca do entendimento da teoria dos Dois Corpos do rei, que se constitui em uma ramificação do pensamento teológico cristão e, consequentemente, essa peça permaneça como marco da teologia política cristã

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:57:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Renato Ferraz da Silveira.pdf: 1652261 bytes, checksum: 1f09a3145db00592751c3a62891ac56e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The tragedy of the politics is the certainty of the unexpected, the constant replacement of human energies, the effort to avoid the inevitable, the search for order and harmony, in face of the imbalance and chaos. By means of theoretical research, this study comes to the understanding about the shattering and devastating meaning of politics as tragedy, in that it´s searched, by the Hermeneutic, focus, relate, analyze William Shakespeare´s work historical time, the English king Ricardo II government, beyond the controversial theory of the kings divine right reinforced, discussed and extended by the English jurists during Queen Elizabeth govern (1558-1603). It was selected, as analysis cuttings, the conflicts, paradoxes, tensions, search for legality and legitimacy, the imminent human beings involvement in a tragic dimension in which life and death, ascent and decadence, glory and failure are inevitable and constituents phases of the political power eternal dispute . It´s believed that Shakespeare has achieved reveal the Two Bodies of the king tragedy in that piece called Ricardo II. By that reason, that medieval legal doctrine of the Shakespeare literary output cannot be separated and, if that theory has been losing its meaning in time, it still has human and concrete meaning nowadays; this, in great extent, dues to him. It is considered, in this study, that Shakespeare dominated the jargon of almost all the human position, besides the contact of this with the constitutional and legal speech of his time. Besides that, the poet conception about the king twin nature does not depend on constitutional protection only, since the piece conceives, a lot naturally, the king twin nature. In that sense, it is expected that the present study contributes for the understanding search of the Two Bodies of the king theory, that it´s constituted in a ramification of the Christian theological thought and, consequently, that piece remains like a Christian political theology landmark / A tragédia da política é a certeza do inesperado, a constante reposição de energias humanas, o esforço para evitar o inevitável, a busca da ordem e da harmonia em face do desequilíbrio e do caos. Por meio de pesquisa teórica, este estudo volta-se para o entendimento acerca do impactante e devastador significado de política como tragédia, em que buscamos, com base na Hermenêutica, enfocar, relacionar, analisar o tempo histórico da obra de William Shakespeare, o governo do rei inglês Ricardo II, além da controversa teoria do direito divino dos reis reforçada, discutida e ampliada pelos juristas ingleses durante o governo da rainha Elisabeth (1558-1603). Foram selecionados como recortes para análise os conflitos, paradoxos, tensões, busca de legalidade e legitimidade, os iminentes envolvimentos dos seres humanos, numa dimensão trágica, em que vida e morte, ascensão e decadência, glória e fracasso são etapas inevitáveis e constitutivas da eterna disputa pelo poder político. Acreditamos que Shakespeare tenha alcançado revelar a tragédia dos Dois Corpos do rei nessa peça Ricardo II. Por essa razão, não se pode separar essa doutrina jurídica medieval da produção literária de Shakespeare e, se essa teoria esvaneceu no tempo, ainda possui, hoje, significado concreto e humano; isso, em grande parte, deve-se a ele. Consideramos, neste trabalho, que Shakespeare dominava o jargão de quase todo o ofício humano, além do contato deste com a fala constitucional e jurídica de seu tempo. Além disso, a concepção do poeta sobre a natureza gêmea do rei não depende de amparo somente constitucional, uma vez que a peça concebe, muito naturalmente, a natureza geminada do rei. Nesse sentido, esperamos que o estudo em pauta contribua para a busca do entendimento da teoria dos Dois Corpos do rei, que se constitui em uma ramificação do pensamento teológico cristão e, consequentemente, essa peça permaneça como marco da teologia política cristã

Toni Morrison reinterprets and reconstitutes American history by placing the lives, stories and experiences of African Americans in a position of centrality, while relegating white American history and cultural traditions to the margins of her narratives. She rewrites American history from an alternative - African American woman's - perspective, and subverts the accepted racist and patriarchally inspired `truths' about life, love and women's experiences through her sympathetic depiction of murderous mother love and complex female relationships in Beloved. She writes about oppression, pain and suffering, and of the need for the acknowledgement and alleviation of the various forms of oppression that scar human existence. Morrison's engagement with healing in Beloved forms the central focus of this short dissertation. The novel is analysed in relation to Mary Douglas's `Two Bodies' theory, John Caputo's ideas on progressive Foucaultian hermeneutics and healing gestures, and Julia Martin's thoughts on alternative healing practices based on non-dualism and interconnectedness. Within this interdisciplinary context, Beloved is read as a `small start' to `creative engagement' with alternative healing practices (Martin, 1996:104). / English / M.A. (English)