Denna kvantitativa studie undersöker faktorer som kan ha påverkat resultatet på Sandvik Manufacturing Solutions medarbetarundersökning relaterat till påståendet "There is open and honest two-way communication at our company” och varför. Studien tillämpade en enkät som distribuerades på Sandvik Manufacturing Solutions intranät och via e-post och fanns att tillgå för cirka 1900 medarbetare. Totalt besvarade 34 medarbetare på studiens enkät.  Sara von Platens avhandling “Internkommunikation och meningsskapande vid strategisk organisationsförändring: En studie av Sveriges Television” och Mats Heides avhandling “Intranät - En ny arena för kommunikation och lärande” används för perspektiv med relevans för denna studies forskning. Vidare utgår studiens teoretiska ramverk från tvåvägskommunikation, organisationskommunikation och organisationskultur. Studien berör och diskuterar utöver dessa teorier även internkommunikation i relation till studiens resultat.  Inhämtad empiri tyder på att brist på återkoppling, dålig kommunikation och information mellan Sandvik Manufacturing Solutions olika divisioner, utebliven information och brist på att alla får ta del av information kan vara faktorer som påverkat att Sandvik Manufacturing Solutions fått ett lägre resultat på deras senaste medarbetarundersökning kopplat till påståendet "There is open and honest two-way communication at our company”. Upplevd kultur inom organisationen, brist på engagemang från medarbetare och brist på att involvera medarbetare i kommunikationen kan även ha bidragit till att medarbetarundersökningen fick ett lägre resultat kopplat till påståendet som nämnts. / This qualitative study examines factors that may have influenced the results of Sandvik Manufacturing Solutions employee survey related to the statement “There is open and honest two-way communication at our company” and why.  The study applied a survey that was distributed on Sandvik Manufacturing Solutions intranet and was sent out by their internet and e-mail. The survey was available to about 1,900 employees. A total of 34 employees responded to the study’s questionnaire. Sara von Platen’s thesis “Internal communication and meaning-making in strategic organizational change: A study of Swedish Television” and Mats Heide’s thesis “Intranet – A new arena for communication and learning” intended for perspectives with relevance for this study. The study's theoretical framework is based on two-way communication, organizational communication, and organizational culture. In addition to these theories, the study also addresses and discusses internal communication. Collected empirical evidence indicates that lack of feedback, poor communication and information sharing among Sandvik Manufacturing Solutions different divisions and lack of information and failure to provide information to all employees may have affected the results of Sandvik Manufacturing Solutions employee survey related to the statement “There is open and honest two-way communication at our company”. The study further interprets that the culture perceived within the organization, as well as lack of engagement and involvement of employees in communication may also contributed to the lower result.

Direction finding with radio-frequency (RF) waves have numerous applications in radio navigation, wireless localization, emergency aid, and air traffic control, among others. Direction-finding using digital arrays outperforms traditional analog techniques but requires precise knowledge of the location of the array elements to obtain accurate results. Array perturbations can lead to algorithm failures and false detection, compromising direction-finding capabilities. This research proposes implementing a Matched Filter - Least Square (MF-LS) algorithm for Two-Way Ranging (TWR) to enhance direction-finding accuracy in arrays with perturbed element locations. The MF-LS algorithm leverages the properties of matched filters to accurately determine element positions by measuring the Time of Flight (ToF) of a signal between two ranging nodes. This method is independent of GPS or other sensor data, making it a cost-effective and easily deployable solution aimed at minimizing the effects of array perturbations, thus improving direction-finding accuracy. This work validates the MF-LS algorithm efficacy and enables robust direction-finding capabilities in challenging environments where traditional communication and localization services are unavailable. Moreover, this research provides a comprehensive study of direction-finding accuracy in amateur radio bands using the proposed ranging approach which can provide an immediate low-cost option for search and rescue operations in emergency situations.

本篇文章之研究目的，主要是探討台灣地區人口遷移受到各縣市的社會福利支出的影響究竟如何。本文將利用台灣23個縣市別的追蹤資料（panel data），涵蓋期間為1995年至2005年。採雙因子固定效果模型（two-way fixed-effect model）分析社會福利支出對於人口遷移，究竟存在著什麼樣的貢獻。於本研究中，將回顧現有文獻中，關於人口遷移之相關理論與實證文獻，且特別著重在以福利遷移（Welfare Migration）為研究主體之相關文獻。此外，本文也將清楚地介紹與說明，近幾年來台灣社會福利體制的發展，以及各縣市會福利支出水準與人口遷移間關係之現況。最後，為了進一步探討社會福利支出，對於男性與女性遷移者所產生之影響是否一致，本研究將建立三種實證模型。試圖更全面的探析台灣各縣市的社會福利支出，對於跨縣市的人口遷移之完整影響效果如何。本文主要的發現為，若某一地區每人可享之社會福利的程度高於鄰近的縣市，會吸引較多人口移入該地區。此外，女性移民較男性移民，受到社會福利支出之效果較為顯著。 / This study undertakes a study of cross-regional migration in Taiwan during the 1995 to 2005 period, particularly the effect of the social welfare system on migration decisions. The local places include the 23 cities and counties in Taiwan. Using data set from Taiwan-Fukien demographic fact book Republic of China and Expenditure conducted by Directorate-General of Budget. The hypothesis of this study is that movers would choose to the places with higher welfare to maximum their utilities. The empirical results from two-way fixed effect model support for the hypothesis that social welfare benefits influence migration decisions, especially for females.

Dans ce travail de thèse, réalisé à l'IMFT, nous nous sommes intéressés aux écoulements turbulents diphasiques gaz-solides et plus particulièrement au phénomène de couplage inverse qui correspond à la modulation de la turbulence par la phase dispersée. Ce mécanisme est crucial pour les écoulements à forts chargements massiques. Dans cette thèse, nous avons considéré une turbulence homogène isotrope stationnaire sans gravité dans laquelle des particules sont suivies individuellement d'une façon Lagrangienne. La turbulence du fluide porteur est obtenue par des simulations directes (DNS). Les particules sont sphériques, rigides et d'une taille inférieure aux plus petites échelles de la turbulence. Leur densité est bien plus grande que la densité du fluide. Dans ce cadre, la force la plus importante agissant sur les particules est celle de traînée. Les interactions inter-particules ainsi que la gravité ne sont pas prises en compte. Pour modéliser ce type d'écoulement, une approche stochastique est utilisée pour laquelle l'accélération du fluide est modélisée par une équation de Langevin. L'originalité de ce travail est la prise en compte de l'effet de la modulation de la turbulence par un terme additionnel. Nous avons proposé deux modèles : une force de couplage moyenne qui est définie à partir des vitesses moyennes des phases, et une force instantanée qui est définie à l'aide du formalisme mésoscopique Eulérien. La fermeture des modèles s’appuie sur la fonction d’autocorrélation Lagrangienne et l’équation de transport de l’énergie cinétique. Les modèles sont testés en terme de prédiction de la vitesse de dérive et des corrélations fluide-particule. Les résultats montrent que le modèle moyen, plus simple, prend en compte les effets principaux du couplage inverse. Cependant, le problème de fermeture pratique est reporté sur la modélisation de l’échelle intégrale Lagrangienne et l’énergie cinétique de la turbulence du fluide vue par les particules. / In this thesis, performed in IMFT, we are interested in the turbulent gas-solid flows and more specifically, in the phenomenon of turbulence modulation which is the modification of the structure of the turbulence due to the solid particles. This mechanism is crucial in flows with high particle mass-loadings. In this work, we considered a homogeneous isotropic turbulence without gravity kept stationary with stochastic type forcing. Discrete particles are tracked individually in Lagrangian manner. Turbulence of the carrier phase is obtained by using DNS. The particles are spherical, rigid and of a diameter smaller than the smallest scales of turbulence. Their density is very large in comparison to the density of the fluid. In this configuration the only force acting on the particles is the drag force. Volume fraction of particles is very small and inter-particle interactions are not considered. To model this type of flow, a stochastic approach is used where the fluid element accel- eration is modeled using stochastic Langevin equation. The originality in this work is an additional term in the stochastic equation which integrates the effect of the particles on the trajectory of fluid elements. To model this term, we proposed two types of modeling: a mean drag model which is defined using the mean velocities from the mean transport equations of the both phases and an instantaneous drag term which is written with the help of the Mesoscopic Eulerian Approach. The closure of the models is based on the Lagrangian auto- correlation function of the fluid velocity and on the transport equation of the fluid kinetic energies. The models are tested in terms of the fluid-particle correlations and fluid-particle turbulent drift velocity. The results show that the mean model, simple, takes into account the principal physical mechanism of turbulence modulation. However, practical closure problem is brought forward to the Lagrangian integral scale and the fluid kinetic energy of the fluid turbulence viewed by the particles.

Le sujet de cette thèse se divise en trois parties: les deux premières traitent chacune d'une extension du modèle utilisé en théorie des automates, tandis que la dernière aborde une partie plus concrète qui consiste à générer des automates avec des propriétés particulières. Tout d'abord, nous donnons une extension du concept d'automate universel, défini sur les mots finis, aux omega-langages. Pour cela, nous avons défini une forme normale pour tenir compte de la spécificité du mode d'acceptation des automates de Büchi qui nous permettent de reconnaître les omega-langages. Ensuite nous avons défini deux types d'omega-factorisations, "classiques" et "pures", qui sont des extensions du concept de factorisation d'un langage, ce qui nous a permis de définir l'automate universel d'un omega-langage. Nous avons prouvé que ce dernier dispose bien des différentes propriétés attendues: il est le plus petit automate de Büchi reconnaissant l'omega-langage et qui possède la propriété d'universalité (moyennant la forme normale). Nous présentons également une méthode pour calculer efficacement les omega-factorisations maximales d'un langage à partir d'un automate prophétique reconnaissant le dit langage. Dans la seconde partie, nous traitons le cas des automates bidirectionnels à multiplicité dans un semi-anneau. Dans un premier temps, nous donnons une version légérement différente de la construction permettant de passer d'un automate bidirectionnel à multiplicité à un automate unidirectionnel à multiplicité et nous prouvons qu'elle préserve la non-ambiguïté mais pas le déterminisme. Nous montrons, également à l'aide d'une construction, que les automates bidirectionnels à multiplicité non-ambigus sont équivalents aux automates unidirectionnels à multiplicité déterministes. Dans un second temps, nous nous concentrons sur les semi-anneaux tropicaux (ou min-+). Nous montrons que sur N-min-+, les automates bidirectionnels sont équivalents aux automates unidirectionnels. Nous montrons également que sur Z-min-+, les automates bidirectionnels n'ont pas toujours un comportement défini et que cette propriété est décidable tandis qu'il n'est pas décidable s'il existe un mot pour lequel le comportement est défini. Dans la dernière partie, nous proposons un algorithme de génération aléatoire d'automate acycliques, accessibles et déterministes ainsi que d'automates acycliques minimaux avec une distribution qui est quasiment uniforme, tout cela à l'aide de chaîne de Markov. Nous prouvons l'exactitude de chacun de ces deux algorithmes et nous expliquons comment adapter en tenant compte de contraintes sur l'ensemble des états finals / The subject of this thesis is decided into three parts: two of them are about extensions of the classical model in automata theory, whereas the third one is about a more concrete aspect which consists in randomly generate automata with specific properties. We first give an extension of the universal automaton on finite words to infinite words. To achieve this, we define a normal form in order to take account of the specific acceptance mode of Büchi automata which recognize omega-langages. Then we define two kinds of omega-factorizations, a "regular" one and the "pure" kind, which are both extensions of the classical concept of factorization of a language. This let us define the universal automaton of an omega-language. We prove that it has all the required properties: it is the smallest Buchi automaton, in normal form, that recognizes the omega-language and which has the universal property. We also give an effective way to compute the "regular" omega-factorizations of a language using a prophetic automaton recognizing the language. In the second part, we deal with two-way automata weighted over a semi ring. First, we give a slightly different version of the computation of a weighted one-way automaton from a weighted two-way automaton and we prove that it preserves the non-ambiguity but not the determinism. We prove that non-ambiguous weighted two-way automata are equivalent to deterministic weighted one-way automata. In a later part, we focus on tropical semi rings (or min-+). We prove that two-way automata on N-min-+ are equivalent to one-way automata on N-min-+. We also prove that the behavior of two-way automata on Z-min-+ are not always defined and that this property is decidable whereas it is undecidable whether or not there exists a word on which the behavior is defined. In the last section, we propose an algorithm in order to randomly generate acyclic, accessible and determinist automata and minimal acyclic automata with an almost uniform distribution using Morkov chains. We prove the reliability of both algorithms and we explain how to adapt them in order to fit with constraints on the set of final states

Recently, cooperative relay networks have emerged as an attractive communications technique that can generate a new form of spatial diversity which is known as cooperative diversity, that can enhance system reliability without sacrificing the scarce bandwidth resource or consuming more transmit power. To achieve cooperative diversity single-antenna terminals in a wireless relay network typically share their antennas to form a virtual antenna array on the basis of their distributed locations. As such, the same diversity gains as in multi-input multi-output systems can be achieved without requiring multiple-antenna terminals. However, there remain technical challenges to maximize the benefit of cooperative communications, e.g. data rate, asynchronous transmission, interference and outage. Therefore, the focus of this thesis is to exploit cooperative relay networks within two-way transmission schemes. Such schemes have the potential to double the data rate as compared to one-way transmission schemes. Firstly, a new approach to two-way cooperative communications via extended distributed orthogonal space-time block coding (E-DOSTBC) based on phase rotation feedback is proposed with four relay nodes. This scheme can achieve full cooperative diversity and full transmission rate in addition to array gain. Then, distributed orthogonal space-time block coding (DOSTBC) is applied within an asynchronous two-way cooperative wireless relay network using two relay nodes. A parallel interference cancelation (PIC) detection scheme with low structural and computational complexity is applied at the terminal nodes in order to overcome the effect of imperfect synchronization among the cooperative relay nodes. Next, a DOSTBC scheme based on cooperative orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) type transmission is proposed for flat fading channels which can overcome imperfect synchronization in the network. As such, this technique can effectively cope with the effects of fading and timing errors. Moreover, to increase the end-to-end data rate, a closed-loop EDOSTBC approach using through a three-time slot framework is proposed. A full interference cancelation scheme with OFDM and cyclic prefix type transmission is used in a two-hop cooperative four relay network with asynchronism in the both hops to achieve full data rate and completely cancel the timing error. The topic of outage probability analysis in the context of multi-relay selection for one-way cooperative amplify and forward networks is then considered. Local measurements of the instantaneous channel conditions are used to select the best single and best two relays from a number of available relays. Asymptotical conventional polices are provided to select the best single and two relays from a number of available relays. Finally, the outage probability of a two-way amplify and forward relay network with best and Mth relay selection is analyzed. The relay selection is performed either on the basis of a max-min strategy or one based on maximizing exact end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio. MATLAB and Maple software based simulations are employed throughout the thesis to support the analytical results and assess the performance of new algorithms and methods.

Past research has shown that dialogic communication has essential characteristics that foster two-way communication between organizations and their stakeholders. This study investigates how public relations firms incorporate the principles of dialogic communication on their websites. The top and bottom 50 websites from the Holmes report on Top 250 Global PR agency rankings were content analyzed. Kent and Taylor’s (1998, 2003) five principles of dialogic communication were applied to find out if public relations firms incorporate the principle of dialogic communication effectively on their websites, provide relevant information for stakeholders and prospective clients, and if there are differences between PR rankings in terms of website usability and the dialogic loop. Findings reveal that bottom 50 PR websites are not as dialogic as the top 50 PR websites. In addition, the study revealed that both top and bottom to a considerable extent incorporated the principles of dialogic communication.

Cette thèse porte sur certaines extensions des automates pondérés, et étudie les séries qu’ils réalisent en fonction de la nature des poids.Ces extensions se distinguent par les mouvements supplémentaires autorisés à la tête de lecture de l’automate : retour au début du mot pour les automates circulaires, changement de sens de lecture pour les automates boustrophédons.Dans le cas général, les automates pondérés circulaires sont plus puissants que les automates unidirectionnels classiques, et moins puissants que les boustrophédons.On introduit de plus les expressions de Hadamard, qui sont une extension des expressions rationnelles et qui permettent de dénoter le comportement des automates circulaires. Les aspects algorithmiques de cette conversion sont étudiés dans le cas où les poids appartiennent à un semi-anneau rationnellement additif.On montre que lorsque les poids sont des nombres rationnels, réels ou complexes, les automates circulaires sont aussi expressifs que les boustrophédons.Enfin, si les poids forment un bi-monoïde localement fini, les automates boustrophédons ne sont pas plus expressifs que les automates pondérés classsiques. / This thesis deals with some extensions of weighted automata,and studies the series they can realisedepending on the nature of their weigths.These extensions are characterised by howthe input head of the automaton is allowed to move:rotating automata can go back at the beginning of the word,and two-way automata can change the reading direction.In the general setting, weigthed rotating automata are morepowerful than classical one-way automata, and less powerfulthan two-way ones.Moreover, we introduce Hadamard expressions,which are an extension of rational expressions and can denotethe behaviour of rotating automata.The algorithms for this conversion are studied when the weights belong toa rationally additive semiring.Then, rotating automata are shown as expressive as two-way automatain the case of rational, real or complex numbers.It is also proved that two-way and one-way automataare equivalent when weighted on a locally finite bimonoid.

PERFORMANCE-BASED ANALYSIS OF A REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALL BUILDING Garrett Richard Hagen In this thesis, a special reinforced concrete shear wall building was designed per ASCE 7-05, and then the performance was investigated using the four analysis procedures outlined in ASCE 41-06. The proposed building was planned as a 6-story office building in San Francisco, CA. The structural system consisted of a two-way flat plate and reinforced concrete columns for gravity loads and slender structural walls for seismic loads. The mathematical building models utilized recommendations from ASCE 41-06 and first-principle mechanics. Moment-curvature analysis and fiber cross-section elements were used in developing the computer models for the nonlinear procedures. The results for the analysis procedures showed that the building met the Basic Safety Objective as defined in ASCE 41-06. The performance levels for the nonlinear procedures showed better building performance than for the linear procedures. This paper addresses previously found data for similar studies which used steel special moment frames, special concentric braced frames, and buckling restrained braced frames for their primary lateral systems. The results showcase expected seismic performance levels for a commercial office building designed in a high seismicity region with varying structural systems and when using different analysis procedures. Keywords: reinforced concrete structural walls, shear walls, performance-based analysis, ETABS, Perform-3D, flat plate, two-way slab.

Le Sud-Est de l'Amérique du Sud (SESA) est l'une des rares régions subtropicales où les modèles climatiques du WCRP/CMIP3 projettent une augmentation significative des précipitations en été austral pour la fin du XXIème siècle, dans un scénario de réchauffement climatique. Ce signal est associé à une augmentation de la fréquence des étés identifiés comme des phases positives du mode dominant de la variabilité des précipitations dans la région, ce mode étant défini par des précipitations au-dessus (en-dessous) de la normale dans le SESA (zone de convergence d'Atlantique Sud). Cette tendance est associée à une augmentation de la température de surface de la mer (SST) dans le Pacifique équatorial. Cela est confirmé par des expériences de simulation numérique effectuées avec le système interactif two-way nesting du LMDZ4, qui montrent aussi que l'augmentation projetée des précipitations dans le SESA est associée au signal zonalement asymétrique du réchauffement des SST.