Power consumption is the primary concern in battery-operated portable applications. Buck converters have gained popularity in powering portable devices due to their compact size, good current delivery capability and high efficiency. However, portable devices are operating under light load condition for the most of the time. Conventional buck converters suffer from low light-load efficiency which severely limits battery lifetime. In this project, a novel technique for buck converter is proposed to reduce the switching loss by reducing the effective input supply voltage at light load. This is achieved by switching between two different input voltages (3.3V and 1.65V) depending on the output current value. Experimental results show that this technique improves the efficiency at light loads by 18.07%. The buck voltage possesses an output voltage of 0.9V and provides a maximum output current of 400mA. The buck converter operates at a switching frequency of 1MHz. The prototype was fabricated using 0.18µm CMOS technology, and occupies a total active area of 0.6039mm^2.

Introduction: Majority of type I diabetes (type I DM) patients do not reach satisfactory levels of compensation regardless of the advances made in the available treatment. One of the basic pillars of successful type I DM treatment is thorough education. Objective: The aim of this thesis was to describe changes in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients that completed a four day long educational program. Method: The retrospective analysis evaluated 40 patients with type I DM (age 32 y.o. ± 13, HbA1c before the program 67,1 mmol/mol ± 11,75, diagnosed with DM for 12,5 years ± 7,01). HbA1c was measured before the educational program and then again in a period of 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after the program completion. The program provided the patients with classes focusing on carb counting, flexible insulin dosing, effective ways to manage hypoglycemia and physical activity. Statistical data were obtained by non-parametric tests. (Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA-repeated measures). Results: Three months after the program completion, a significant drop in HbA1 levels could be observed (67,1 mmol/mol ± 11,75 vs. 60,2 mmol/mol ± 9,52; p=0,0093). This improvement was consistently observed after the period of 6 (59,7 mmol/mol ± 9,59; p=0,0174), 12 (56,5 mmol/mol ± 9,02; p=0,0006) and 24 (57,6 mmol/mol ± 8,43;...

Introduction: The main goal of the diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM type 1) therapy is the achievement of the best compensation of this disease. One of the tools to attain this compensation is the correctly carried out self-monitoring, from which can be the right dose of the Insulin derived. To estimate the correct dose of the Insulin is the essential knowledge of the actual dietary records, especially the amount of the carbohydrates. The thorough dietary record is in this case another tool how to significantly improve the compensation of DM type 1. Objective: The main objective of this thesis was the description of the influence of the dietary record for the compensation of DM type 1. As the evaluating parameters were set the value of HbA1c before-and-after the observation and the glycemia variability during the observation. The observation had been provided during one month where in the beginning of the observation all patients took part in the educative stay. Methods: The examined sample included in total 34 persons, but 2 of them were excluded for health reasons. The final examined sample was consist of 32 persons, out of them 18 females and 14 males, which suffer from DM type 1. The average age of these patients was 36,6 years ± 12,6, where the average lasting of DM type 1 was 14,9 years ± 9,9. In...

Envisagé d'un point de vue qualitatif, le choix de la réparation intéresse peu la doctrine française, priorité étant donnée aux difficultés relatives à l'étendue, au quantum, de la réparation. A l'exemple du thème du coût de la réparation ou encore, de la question de la réparation indirecte, qui mènent à porter la focale sur les mesures agissant sur la source du préjudice ou tendant à financer la réparation en nature de celui-ci, nombre de problèmes afférents au choix de l'aspect de la réparation sont injustement délaissés. Le constat apparaît d'autant plus regrettable que les enjeux, qui ne se limitent pas à la nécessité de préserver l'intérêt de la victime, sont souvent d'une importance majeure. Riche, complexe, la question de la détermination de la forme de la réparation, qui place naturellement le juge au centre de la réflexion, peut être appréhendée sous deux angles distincts articulant chacun théorie et pratique : celui du choix d'une mesure effectivement apte, de par sa forme, à réparer ; celui du choix de la meilleure mesure, soit, ici, de la mesure qualitativement la plus adaptée. / When examined from a qualitative standpoint, French doctrine places a priority on issues relative to the scope and quantum of compensation, and has little, if anything, to say about the form of compensation. Several issues affecting how to choose the exact form or type of compensation, such as questions involving the cost of compensation or the possibility of indirect compensation, which would bring into focus measures affecting the origin of the prejudice or tending to support damages in kind, are wrongly neglected. This finding appears all the more regrettable when it is taken into consideration that the issues surrounding a settlement, not limited merely to the need to preserve the interests of the victim, are often of major importance. Rich and complex, the question of how to determine the form of compensation, which obviously places the judge at the center of such the thinking process, can be understood from two distinct perspectives, each articulated by its own theory and practice : the choice of a measure which, by form, is effectively capable of compensating; the choice of the best measure, one that is the most adapted in qualitative terms.