The main goal of this thesis is to design videoconferential system by Java Media Framework. This means to write two programs. One will capture multimedia data from webcam and will sent it into network. The second application which can receive this data is supposed to be on another computer. The multimedia data are transmitted by using Java Media Framework library. We suppose one lector and group of students. Video and audio channel is transmitted to all students. Communication between lector and student  is solved using chat. Lector has possibility open another audio or video channel with all students. Multimedia data will be transferred using Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP). The message including information about student is transferred by Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第12834号 / 論農博第2798号 / 新制||農||1026(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H26||N4857(農学部図書室) / 31372 / (主査)教授 栗原 達夫, 教授 植田 和光, 教授 平竹 潤 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase (UGT) is a multigene family of enzymes responsible for catalyzing glycosylation of small hydrophobic molecules. Recently, a genomic analysis of the corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea) identified 45 different UGT genes. We discovered a UGT gene (UGT34) showing high levels of expression exclusively in the silk gland tissue. The expression levels of UGT34 were analyzed in different developmental stages and silk gland sub-segments, revealing that UGT34 is generally expressed at all larval instar stages and largely expressed in the middle and posterior subsegments of the silk glands. The soybean looper (Chrysodeixis includens), another noctuid moth species, was analyzed and found to have similar gene expression patterns. To determine UGT34 function RNA interference (RNAi) was used, but it revealed to be unsuccessful. Taken together, the present study implies that UGT34 plays an important role in silk glands, yet its molecular and physiological function needs to be determined by further study.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die bisher kaum in der Literatur beschriebene Stoffklasse der Prostaglandin-Glycerolester (PG-G) in Hinblick ihrer biochemischen Wirkmechanismen genauer charakterisiert. Einige Studien beschreiben PG-G als relevante Mediatoren im Rahmen sowohl inflammatorischer als auch nozizeptiver Prozesse. Dieser Sachverhalt macht diese Stoffklasse zum interessanten Gegenstand aktueller pharmakologischer Forschung, dessen Grundlage die Identifizierung und Charakterisierung entsprechender Rezeptoren darstellt. Im Rahmen unserer Arbeit, identifizierten wir als ersten Schritt das Target des PGE2-G. Weder Prostaglandinrezeptoren noch bekannte orphane GPCR konnten durch die Stimulation mit PGE2-G aktiviert werden. Jedoch konnten in bestimmen Zelllinien wie RAW264.7 und H1819 Effekte durch PGE2-G erzielt werden, während andere Zelllinien keine Reaktionen zeigten. Dies machten wir uns zu Nutzen und sequenzierten das Transkriptom dieser Zelllinien, um so durch subtraktive Analysen Rezeptoren einzugrenzen, welche voraussichtlich als Target von PGE2-G fungieren. Als vielversprechender Kandidat exprimierten wir den UDP-Rezeptor P2Y6 heterolog in HEK293-Zellen und wiesen mittels Zellkultur-basierter Assays den Agonismus von PGE2-G am P2Y6 nach. Weitere Untersuchungen bestätigten diese hochspezifische Bindung zwischen beiden Interaktionspartnern. Auffällig war jedoch die ausordentlich hohe Potenz von PGE2-G, welche schon bei picomolaren Stoffkonzentrationen eine Aktivierung von P2Y6 initiiert. Insbesondere in Hinblick auf den deutlich höheren EC50-Wert von UDP stellt sich die Frage, inwiefern dies die Signaltransduktionsmechanismen und die damit einhergehenden physiologischen Effekte moduliert. Es stellte sich weiterhin die Frage, wie der P2Y6 die Bindung zweier chemisch unterschiedlichen Substanzen realisieren kann. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es nun, die Struktur von P2Y6 auf molekularbiologischer Ebene zu untersuchen, um ein Verständnis über die Art und Weise der Bindung der unterschiedlichen Agonisten zu erhalten.:Entzündungsreaktionen ................................................................................................................. 6 Prostaglandine ............................................................................................................................... 7 Prostaglandin‐Glycerolester und die Identifizierung ihrer Rezeptoren ......................................... 9 Prostaglandin‐Glycerolester ........................................................................................................9 G‐Protein‐gekoppelte Rezeptoren (GPCR) ............................................................................... 11 Orphane GPCR .......................................................................................................................... 12 Screening potentieller Targets von Prostaglandin‐E2‐Glycerolester ........................................ 13 Der Pyrimidinrezeptor P2Y6 .......................................................................................................... 14 Nucleotidrezeptoren ................................................................................................................ 14 Pharmakologische Bedeutung von Nucleotidrezeptoren ........................................................ 15 P2Y6 .......................................................................................................................................... 15 Fragestellung ................................................................................................................................ 18 Publikationen ................................................................................................................................... 20 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse und Diskussion .......................................................................... 50 Prostaglandin‐E2‐Glycerolester ist ein endogener Agonist am P2Y6 .......................................... 50 Die Bindungstasche des P2Y6 ....................................................................................................... 50 Evolutionäre Konservierung der Agonisten‐Promiskuität........................................................ 50 Simulation der Ligandenbindung im Homologiemodell........................................................... 51 Experimentelle Prüfung der Interaktionspartner ......................................................................... 52 Interaktionspartner beider Agonisten: R103, Y107, R287 ....................................................... 53 Interaktionpartner mit UDP: Y262 ........................................................................................... 53 Interaktionspartner mit PGE2‐G: Y75, N109, S291, N293 ........................................................ 53 Korrelation der experimentellen Daten mit einem Homologiemodell ........................................ 53 Ausblick ........................................................................................................................................ 54 Literatur ............................................................................................................................................ 56 Anhang ............................................................................................................................................. 62 Darstellung des eigenen Beitrags ..................................................................................................... 85 Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit ................................................................. 87 Lebenslauf ........................................................................................................................................ 88 Publikationen und Vorträge ............................................................................................................. 90 Danksagung ...................................................................................................................................... 91

Enterprise networks are traditionally mapped via layers two or three, providing a view of what devices are connected to different parts of the network infrastructure. A method was developed to map connections at layer four, providing a view of interconnected systems and services instead of network infrastructure. This data was graphed and displayed in a web application. The information proved beneficial in identifying connections between systems or imbalanced clusters when troubleshooting problems with enterprise applications.

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Pour s’adapter à leur environnement, les plantes ont acquis la capacité de produire une grande quantité de métabolites spécialisés à partir d’un nombre limité de structures de base. Parmi les modifications apportées à ces structures de base, la réaction de glycosylation permet d’augmenter la solubilité du composé, de réduire sa toxicité et de contribuer à une meilleure stabilité de certaines molécules ayant pour conséquence la modification de leur transport et/ou de leur stockage. Les UDP-glycosyltransférases (UGT) forment une vaste famille de glycosyltransférases chez les plantes. Elles regroupent des enzymes glycosylant principalement des hormones et des phénylpropanoides en utilisant l’UDP-sucre comme donneur de sucre. L’objectif de ce travail consiste à contribuer à la caractérisation fonctionnelle de la famille des UGT72 chez le peuplier afin d’identifier le rôle de ses membres dans les processus développementaux liés aux arbres et dans leurs réponses au stress. Plusieurs membres de cette famille ont déjà été caractérisés chez d’autres espèces comme A. thaliana, M. truncatula et C. sinensis, mettant en évidence la capacité de certaines UGT72s à glycosyler les monolignols, une implication dans le processus de lignification, un rôle dans des processus de défense contre les pathogènes ou encore une fonction de détoxification de certains polluants. Parmi les 8 UGT72s identifiées chez le peuplier, nous avons montré qu’in vitro UGT72AZ2 glycosyle l’acide férulique et l’acide sinapique, UGT72B37 le p-coumaraldéhyde, le coniféraldéhyde, le sinapaldéhyde, le coniferyl alcool et le sinapyl alcool, UGT72B39 le coniféryl alcool et UGT72A2 la naringénine. Tous les membres de la famille UGT72 sont exprimés dans les tissus vasculaires, suggérant un rôle dans le développement vasculaire. La surexpression de UGT72AZ1 ou UGT72AZ2 provoque l’accumulation de glucosides de monolignols (respectivement coniférine et syringine ou coniférine seulement), sans toutefois affecter la quantité totale de lignine. Concernant la localisation subcellulaire, excepté pour UGT72A2, les UGT72s du peuplier sont localisées dans le réticulum endoplasmique et le noyau, suggérant respectivement, un rôle dans la régulation de la voie des phénylpropanoides et dans la maintenance de l’ADN. UGT72A2 se démarque des autres membres de cette famille, car elle est localisée dans les chloroplastes et dans des vésicules associées aux chloroplastes, suggérant un rôle dans la régulation des phénylpropanoides dans le chloroplaste et/ou dans la maintenance du chloroplaste. En appui de ces hypothèses, nous avons constaté que la photosynthèse est affectée dans les lignées sous-exprimant UGT72A2, provoquant un jaunissement des feuilles. De plus, les feuilles de lignées sous-exprimant UGT72A2 développent un stress oxydatif associé à une réduction de l’accumulation des flavonoïdes et de l’activité des enzymes antioxydantes, suggérant un rôle de UGT72A2 dans l’homéostasie des formes réactives de l’oxygène (ROS). / In order to adapt to their environment, plants have developed the capacity to produce a diversified range of specialized metabolites by modifying a core set of molecules. Among those modifications, glycosylation allows to increase the solubility, to reduce the toxicity and to stabilize compounds in order to modify their transport and/or allow their storage. The UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGT) forming the largest glycosyltransferase superfamily in plants, combine enzymes which glycosylate mainly hormones and phenylpropanoids by using UDP-sugar as sugar donor. The purpose of this dissertation is to contribute to the functional characterization of the UGT72 family in poplar to unravel the role of its members in tree developmental processes and in stress response. Members of this family already characterized in other species (e.g. Arabidopsis thaliana, Medicago truncatula and Camellia sinensis) have been found to glycosylate monolignols and some of them have been associated with lignification, defence against pathogens and detoxification of pollutants. Among the 8 UGT72s identified in poplar, we have shown that UGT72AZ2 glycosylates in vitro ferulic acid and sinapic acid, UGT72B37 p-coumaraldehyde, coniferaldehyde, sinapaldehyde, coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol, UGT72B39 coniferyl alcohol and UGT72A2 naringenin. All the UGT72 members are expressed in vascular tissues suggesting a role in vascular development. The overexpression of UGT72AZ1 or UGT72AZ2 in poplar triggers the accumulation of monolignol glucosides (both coniferin and syringin or only coniferin, respectively) but has no impact on lignin content. With respect to the subcellular localization, except for UGT72A2, poplar UGT72s are localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and in the nucleus suggesting a possible role in the phenylpropanoid pathway regulation and in DNA maintenance, respectively. UGT72A2 stands out from the other poplar UGT72s by being localized in the chloroplast and chloroplast associated bodies, suggesting a role in the phenylpropanoid regulation in chloroplasts and/or in chloroplast maintenance. Moreover, supporting these hypotheses, photosynthesis was affected in lines downregulated for UGT72A2, as shown by a leaf yellowing phenotype and an oxidative stress in these lines as compared to the wild type. The flavonoid biosynthesis and the activity of enzymes involved into the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging seem to be reduced by the downregulation of UGT72A2 suggesting a role of this UGT in the ROS homeostasis. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Hepatic UDP-GTs are partly responsible for metabolism of the thyroid hormone, thyroxine (T4), in mammals, but little is known of UDP-GT activity in birds. To determine the ontogenic pattern of UDP-GT activity in precocial birds, we measured activity in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) liver at days 12 and 14 of the 16.5-day incubation, 3 perihatch stages and <1, 1, 4, 6, 7, 20 and 42 days posthatch. We used an enzymatic reaction with para-nitrophenol (pNP) as substrate that was validated for quail tissue. The pattern of UDP-GT development included low embryonic activity, increased activity beginning in the perihatch period, a peak in activity at day 4 posthatch and a return to lower activity levels from day 6 to adults. The profile of UDP-GT activity, in relation to the ontogeny of circulating T4 and triiodothyronine (T3) in quail, is consistent with UDP-GT playing a role in regulating circulating T4 and with the perihatch peak in T3 stimulating the posthatch peak in UDP-GT activity. To examine the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on UDP-GT in developing precocial birds, we dosed chicken (Gallus domesticus) eggs with concentrations of PCB 126 from 0 to 0.80 ng/g egg (in sunflower oil) prior to incubation. Tissues were sampled at day 20 of the 21-day incubation and assayed for plasma hormones and UDP-GT activity. Eggs also were dosed with 0 or 0.25 ng PCB 126/g egg or with 0 or 0.64 ng/g egg of the coplanar PCB 77, allowed to hatch, and sampled at 42 days posthatch. There was no consistent pattern of altered thyroid hormones or UDP-GT activity in developing chickens exposed to either of these coplanar PCBs although previous studies indicated developmental alterations from exposure to the higher doses. / Master of Science

<p>Ova doktorska disertacija predstavlja istraživački rad sproveden sa ciljem da re&scaron;i problem koji se odnosi na realizaciju povezivanja laboratorijskog, medicinskog mernog uređaja sa personalnim računarom. Rezultat istraživačkog rada je op&scaron;ta metoda koja obezbeđuje efikasnu konverziju podataka I2S protokola u TCP/IP protokol.</p> / <p>This doctoral thesis presents the research work carried out in order to solve a practical problem, the realization of a connection between a medical measuring device and a personal computer. The result of the research is a general method that provides efficient data conversion from the I2S protocol to the TCP/IP protocol.</p>