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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

An evaluation of a 3D sampling technique and LiDAR for the determination of understory vegetation density levels in pine plantations

Clarkson, Matthew Thomas, January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Forestry. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.
52

Exploration of statistical methods for synthesizing the effects of variable-retention harvesting on multiple taxa /

Lam, Tzeng Yih. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2010. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 244-262). Also available on the World Wide Web.
53

Plant-soil interactions in succession on post-mining sites / Plant-soil interactions in succession on post-mining sites

MUDRÁK, Ondřej January 2012 (has links)
Field observation and manipulative experiments were carried out to describe and test important processes affecting the plant succession on Sokolov post-mining sites. Examined was mainly effect of dominant tree species (which are planted or spontaneously established) on understory plants, litter decomposability and effect of earthworms (Lumbricidae) on late successional plant species.
54

Estudo do estrato regenerativo em trechos de floresta estacional semidecidual, no sudeste do Brasil

Corrêa, Laine Silveira 15 March 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:26:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CORREA_Laine_2011.pdf: 1944443 bytes, checksum: 0899fb876fda57b1a5027ac9b264d2e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-15 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Was carried out the phytosociological survey of understory of remaining semideciduous forest located at Federal of São Carlos University campus Sorocaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. The goal of this study was to analyze the structural and floristic composition of the understory. Were identified 129 species from 41 botanical families, of these four threatened species and four exotic species. The species were identified in ecological groups as pioneer species (P) and non-pioneer species or latter species (NP), and as canopy species (D) and understory species (S). The families with highest importance value (VI) were Myrtaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Sapindaceae e Meliaceae, and the species were Actinostemon concepcionis (Chodat & Hassl.) Hochr, Mollinedia clavigera Tul., Eugenia pluriflora DC, Cupania vernalis Cambess., Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand, Trichilia elegans A. Juss., Piper amalago L., Enterolobium contorstisiliquum (Vell.) Morong, Endlicheria paniculata (Spreng.) J.F. Macbr, Matayba elaegnoides Radlk. From the total species collected (129), 77 are canopy species, 29 understory species, and 19 were not identified. As for the ecological groups, 41 species were identified as P, 65 species as NP and 19 were not identified. Among the 77 species of canopy, 38 were collected in previous study on the composition of the canopy. The results attest that in the future, the composition of the canopy will be partially changed, with the possibility of bigger richness, and with more NP species proportion. The results permits to say that these small remaining of semideciduous forest are in intermediate sucessional stage and are important to biodiversity regional conservation. / Foi realizado o levantamento fitossociológico do estrato regenerativo de trechos de remanescentes de floresta estacional semidecidual, localizados na Universidade Federal de São Carlos - campus Sorocaba, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a estrutura e composição florística do estrato regenerativo. Foram identificadas 129 espécies de 41 famílias botânicas, sendo quatro espécies ameaçadas e quatro espécies exóticas. As espécies foram identificadas em grupos ecológicos como espécies pioneiras (P) e espécies não-pioneiras ou espécies tardias (NP), e como espécie de dossel (D) e espécies de sub-bosque (S). As famílias com maior valor de importância (VI) foram Myrtaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Sapindaceae e Meliaceae, e as espécies foram Actinostemon concepcionis (Chodat & Hassl.). Hochr, Mollinedia clavigera Tul., Eugenia pluriflora DC., Cupania vernalis Cambess., Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand, Trichilia elegans A. Juss., Piper amalago L., Enterolobium contorstisiliquum (Vell.) Morong, Endlicheria paniculata (Spreng.) J.F. Macbr, Matayba elaegnoides Radlk. Do total de espécies coletadas (129), 77 são espécies de dossel, 29 são espécies de sub-bosque e 19 não foram identificados até espécie. Foram identificadas 41 espécies como P (pioneiras), 65 espécies como NP (não pioneiras) e 19 não foram identificadas. Entre as 77 espécies de dossel, 38 foram amostradas em estudos anteriores sobre a composição do dossel. Os resultados atestam que, no futuro, a composição dossel será parcialmente alterada, com a possibilidade de maior riqueza e com maior proporção de espécies NP. O resultado permite afirmar que estes pequenos remanescentes de floresta estacional semidecidual estão em estágio sucessional intermediário e são importantes para a conservação da biodiversidade regional.
55

Estrutura, diversidade e regeneração arbórea de uma floresta atlântica secundária submetida à supressão do sub-bosque / Structure, diversity and tree regeneration of a secondary Atlantic Forest subjected to suppression of understory

Moreira, Breno 19 February 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-11T14:31:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 brenomoreira.pdf: 7066182 bytes, checksum: 835c6d728e01a278403705bba36eb85c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-26T12:02:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 brenomoreira.pdf: 7066182 bytes, checksum: 835c6d728e01a278403705bba36eb85c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T12:02:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 brenomoreira.pdf: 7066182 bytes, checksum: 835c6d728e01a278403705bba36eb85c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-19 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar e descrever a composição, riqueza e diversidade de espécies do componente arbustivo-arbóreo nos diferentes estratos florestais de um trecho de floresta estacional semidecidual pertencente ao Jardim Botânico da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, município de Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil. A área total do trecho florestal que sofreu bosqueamento pretérito (~3 ha), foi delimitada como universo amostral. Foram alocadas aleatoriamente 25 parcelas de 20 x 20 m para a análise do estrato arbóreo, totalizando uma amostra de 1,0 ha e suas respectivas subparcelas de 5 x 5 m para a análise do estrato regenerante. No componente arbóreo foram amostrados 651 ind.ha-1, distribuídos em 53 espécies, pertencentes a 31 famílias botânicas, com predominância de Fabaceae (08 espécies) e Myrtaceae (04). Observou-se uma comunidade com forte dominância específica, com grande concentração dos Valores de Importância (VI) nas três primeiras espécies (Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) J.F. Macbr, Piptocarpha macropoda (DC.) Baker e Xylopia sericea A.St.Hil) que juntas somaram 43,74% do VI total. No estrato regenerante foram amostrados 901 indivíduos (equivalente a 14.416 ind.ha-1), distribuídos em 29 famílias e 62 espécies. Dentre as famílias de maior riqueza estão Fabaceae (07 espécies), Sapindaceae (05) e Asteraceae (05). As espécies que mais se destacaram segundo o VI foram Piptocarpha macropoda (DC.) Baker (35,61%) e Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell). Brenan (6,87%). Como reflexo da forte dominância ecológica, o valor do índice de diversidade de espécies de Shannon (H’ = 2,92 nats.ind-1 para o estrato adulto e H’ = 2,72 nats.ind-1 para o estrato regenerante) foi baixo em comparação com florestas secundárias de mesma fitofisionomia na região. A análise de distribuição diamétrica revelou nítida divisão da floresta em dois estratos: o estrato superior, formado por árvores de grande porte, com dossel amplo e um estrato inferior, formado pelos indivíduos regenerantes, com árvores de pequeno porte, em plena competição para se consolidar no ambiente. A análise de grupos ecológicos demonstrou predominância de espécies pertencentes a estágios sucessionais iniciais (pioneiras e secundárias iniciais) com a maioria das espécies apresentando dispersão do tipo zoocórica. Na Análise de Correspondência Canônica (CCA) foi possível detectar quatro blocos de espécies, demonstrando que as relações entre espécies e ambiente são sensíveis às variáveis ambientais de uma forma interativa e não isolada. / This study aimed to analyze and describe the composition and diversity of woody species in different forest strata component of a stretch of lowland forest belonging to the Botanical Garden of the Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. The total area of forest stretch that suffered slash past (~3 ha), was defined as the sampling universe. 25 random plots of 20 x 20 m for the analysis of the tree stratum were allocated a total sample size of 1.0 ha and their subplots of 5 x 5 m for the analysis of regenerating stratum. In the tree component were sampled 651 ind.ha-1, over 53 species belonging to 31 botanical families, with a predominance of Fabaceae (08 species) and Myrtaceae (04). There was a community with strong species dominance, with a large concentration of Importance Values (VI) in the first three species (Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) JF Macbr, Piptocarpha macropoda (DC.) Baker and Xylopia sericea A.St.Hil) which amounted 43.74% of total VI. In regenerating stratum 901 individuals were sampled (equivalent to 14,416 ind.ha-1), distributed in 29 families and 62 species. Fabaceae (07 species), Sapindaceae (05) and Asteraceae (05) are the richest families. The species that stood out according to VI were Piptocarpha macropoda (DC.) Baker (35.61%) and Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell). Brenan (6.87%). Reflecting the strong ecological dominance, the value of the index of species diversity (Shannon H '= 2.92 nats.ind-1 for the canopy layer and H' = 2.72 nats.ind-1 for regenerating stratum) was low compared with secondary forests of similar vegetation type in the region. The diameter distribution analysis revealed distinct division of the forest into two strata: the upper stratum, formed by large trees with large canopy; and a lower stratum, formed by regenerating individuals, small trees, in competition to colonize the environment. The analysis of ecological groups showed a predominance of species from early successional stages (pioneer and early secondary) with most species having dispersal zoochoric type. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was able to detect four blocks of species, demonstrating that the relationship between species and environment are sensitive to environmental variables in an interactive way and not isolated.
56

Distribuição de aves de sub-bosque em zonas ripárias e não ripárias em uma floresta urbana na Amazônia Central

Ferreira, Urania Cavalcante 06 April 2015 (has links)
Submitted by bruna ortiz (brunaortiz.f@gmail.com) on 2016-07-18T14:50:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-Urania C. Ferreira.pdf: 696113 bytes, checksum: ee5dd4958bf29e5a41d8a7568cc07d33 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-07-21T19:29:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-Urania C. Ferreira.pdf: 696113 bytes, checksum: ee5dd4958bf29e5a41d8a7568cc07d33 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-07-21T20:19:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-Urania C. Ferreira.pdf: 696113 bytes, checksum: ee5dd4958bf29e5a41d8a7568cc07d33 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-21T20:20:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-Urania C. Ferreira.pdf: 696113 bytes, checksum: ee5dd4958bf29e5a41d8a7568cc07d33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-06 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / Description of distribution patterns of species and the mechanisms that generate them are essential to understanding the relationships between organisms and environmental gradients. Riparian zones are distinguished form non-riparian zones by topography, hydrological regimes, soil types and plant and animal communities. In central Amazônia, distinctive bird assemblages have been described in riparian an non-riparian zones. Negative effects as those produced by human disturbance interfere directly on the richness and abundance of birds in forests, mainly through changes in some components of vegetation, affecting the availability of food resources and microclimate conditions. A pattern often observed in areas with urban influence is the homogenization of communities resulting in communities of mostly generalist species after the extinction of specialist species. Thus, it is important to know if in a forest with a strong influence of urbanization, bird assemblages respond to environmental variation generated by the proximity to water courses, as observed in undisturbed forests. It is also important to know if edge effects generated by the urbanization process negatively affect the distribution of these bird communities locally. This study was conducted in an urban forest of about 600 hectares in the city of Manaus (AM) in which the campus of the Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM is found. The forest includes the university campus and is surrounded by residential neighborhoods, streets and urban areas with different uses. To characterize the avifauna of the understory in riparian and non- riparian zones we used the capture-recapture technique and mist-nets. We selected 20 sampling sites, with 10 riparian sites and 10 non- riparian sites. At each site we used a mist-net line (120m) activated for two consecutive days from 06:30h to 11:30h from July to November 2013. Birds were identified, measured, weighed and banded, except humming birds. We, captured 27 species of 12 families with a total of 118 individuals of which 9.3% were recaptures. We found a similar total abundance (T = -0.17 , df = 9 , p = 0.86 ) and species richness (T = -0.2641 , df = 9 , p = 0.79) in riparian and non-riparian sites. We also found that quantitative composition of bird assemblages was not different between riparian and non- riparian sites. However, when the effect of distance to the edge was included into the models we found a different pattern. The best model to explain the variation of biomass of birds, was the one with an interaction between the effect of the distance to the edge and the effect of environment (riparian and non-riparian) (AICweight = 0.716). Thus, according to this model there was a positive relationship between the bird biomass and the distance to the edge in riparian zones while the opposite pattern was observed in non-riparian zones. Regarding similarity between riparian and non-riparian zones, we observed a pattern of increasing similarity between pairs of riparian sites and non-riparian sites with decreasing distance to the forest edge, that is, pairs of riparian / non-riparian sites that are closer to the forest edge are more similar to each other than sites that are in the interior of the forest. We conclude that the edge effect generated by the negative influence of the urban matrix into the forest is the determining factor in increasing the similarity between riparian and non- riparian zones, thus leading to a community homogenization process. / A descrição de padrões de distribuição de espécies e os mecanismos que os geram são essenciais para entender as relações entre os organismos e os gradientes ambientais. Zonas ripárias se distinguem de zonas-não ripárias pela topografia, regimes hidrológicos, tipos de solo e comunidades de plantas e animais. Em florestas primárias na Amazônia central existem assembleias de aves diferenciadas entre as zonas riparias e não ripárias. No entanto, efeitos negativos como os produzidos por perturbações antrópicas interferem diretamente sobre a riqueza e abundância de aves em florestas, principalmente através de mudanças em alguns componentes da vegetação, afetando a disponibilidade de recursos alimentares e as condições microclimáticas. Um padrão frequentemente observado em zonas com influência urbana é a homogenização das comunidades resultando em uma comunidade composta por espécies principalmente generalistas após a extinção das espécies especialistas. Assim, é importante conhecer se em uma floresta com forte influência da urbanização as assembleias de espécies de aves respondem à variação ambiental gerada pela proximidade de igarapés como observado em florestas não-perturbadas e se o efeito de borda gerado pelo processo de urbanização afeta negativamente a distribuição dessas aves localmente. Este estudo foi realizado em uma floresta urbana de aproximadamente 600 hectares na cidade de Manaus (AM) na qual se encontra o campus da Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM. A floresta que compreende o campus universitário é circundada por bairros residenciais, avenidas e áreas urbanas de diferentes usos. Para caracterizar a avifauna de sub-bosque nas zonas ripárias e não-ripárias utilizamos a técnica de captura-recaptura com o uso de redes de neblina. Selecionamos 20 sítios de amostragem, sendo 10 sítios ripários e 10 sítios não ripários. Em cada sítio utilizamos uma linha de rede (120m) ativadas durante dois dias consecutivos das 06:30h às 11:30h no período de julho a novembro de 2013. Identificamos, medimos, pesamos e anilhamos todas as aves capturadas, exceto beija-flores. No total, capturamos 27 espécies de 12 famílias com um total de 118 indivíduos dos quais 9,3% foram recapturas. A abundância foi similar nos sítios ripários e não ripários (T = -0.17, df = 9, p = 0,86) assim como riqueza também não variou entre sítios ripários e não ripários (T = -0.2641, df = 9, p = 0,79). Também verificamos que a composição quantitativa da assembleia de aves não se diferenciou nas zonas ripárias e não ripárias. Contudo, quando incluímos o efeito da distância à borda nos modelos os resultados mostrarem um padrão diferente. O melhor modelo para explicar a variação da biomassa de aves, foi aquele que considerou uma interação entre o efeito da distância à borda como o efeito do ambiente (ripário ou não ripário) (AICw = 0,716). Assim, de acordo com este modelo observamos uma relação positiva entre a biomassa de aves e a distância à borda nas áreas ripárias sendo que o padrão inverso foi observado para as áreas não riparias. Com relação a similaridade entre as áreas ripárias e não ripárias, observamos um padrão de aumento da similaridade entre pares de sítios ripários e não ripários com a diminuição da distância a borda, ou seja, aqueles pares de sítios que estão mais próximos a borda são mais similares entre si do que os sítios que estão no interior da floresta. Concluímos que o efeito de borda gerado pela influencia negativa da matriz urbana para o interior da floresta é o fator determinante no aumento da similaridade entre as zonas ripárias e não ripárias, acarretando assim ao processo de homogenização de comunidades.
57

Florística e fotossociologia da comunidade lenhosa no sub-bosque de um cerradão em Assis, SP / Floristics and phytosociology of the woody community at the understory of a cerradão at Assis, SP

Zanelli, Carolina Brandão, 1986- 22 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T23:57:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zanelli_CarolinaBrandao_M.pdf: 11021724 bytes, checksum: 074f594a75e3131636ec29a9f0cdbc07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A regeneração consiste no processo de reconstrução e reorganização da composição e estrutura de uma comunidade vegetal, e vem sendo bem estudada em florestas ombrofilas e estacionais sob a ótica da dinâmica de clareiras e da sucessão ecológica. No entanto, a regeneração de espécies lenhosas no cerrado ainda e pouco compreendida, e são poucos os estudos que avaliam conjuntamente o dossel e o sub-bosque em áreas de cerrado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a floristica e a fitossociologia da comunidade lenhosa do dossel e do sub-bosque de um cerradão em Assis, SP. O trabalho foi realizado na Estação Ecológica de Assis, em uma parcela permanente de 10,4 ha, parte do "Projeto Parcelas Permanentes" do Programa BIOTA/FAPESP. Essa parcela permanente e subdividida em 256 subparcelas contiguas de 20 m x 20 m, das quais 100 foram sorteadas para amostragem. Para avaliar o dossel, foram considerados os dados já coletados no Projeto Parcelas Permanentes, referentes aos indivíduos lenhosos com perímetro na altura do peito (PAP) ? 15 cm, para as 100 subparcelas sorteadas. Para analisar o sub-bosque, foi delimitado um setor de avaliação de 2 m x 2 m em cada subparcela sorteada, onde foram medidos e identificados todos os indivíduos de espécies lenhosas com altura > 20 cm e PAP < 15 cm. Todas as espécies do dossel e do sub-bosque foram classificadas de acordo com o habitat, com base em estudos regionais de fitossociologia, em categorias não excludentes: floresta (F), quando ha registro da espécie em formações florestais não pertencentes ao cerrado sensu lato; cerradão (C), quando ha registro da espécie em cerradão; e cerrado sensu lato (c), quando ha registro da espécie nas demais fisionomias de cerrado sensu lato. Alem disso, foram calculados os parâmetros fitossociologicos usuais para todas as espécies no dossel e no sub-bosque. Tanto o dossel quanto o sub-bosque do cerradão em Assis foram compostos por espécies intermediarias entre diferentes habitats, a maior parte (46% das espécies no dossel e 36% no sub-bosque) constituída de espécies de cerrado/cerradão, incluindo espécies de ampla distribuição no domínio (como Bowdichia virgilioides, Machaerium acutifolium, Plathymenia reticulata, Pouteria ramiflora, Qualea grandiflora, Roupala montana e Xylopia aromática) e comuns em cerrados da província Meridional (como Eriotheca gracilipes, Eugenia pluriflora, Gochnatia polymorpha, Machaerium brasiliense, Myrcia venulosa e Ocotea corymbosa). Regenerantes das espécies do dossel constituíram a maior parte do sub-bosque do cerradão, tanto em numero de espécies (81% do total, n=60) quanto em valor de importância (221 do total de 300). O cerradão apresentou um conjunto de espécies de sub-bosque composto por arvores de pequeno porte e arbustos heliofitos que também ocorrem nas fisionomias mais abertas de cerrado, incluindo: Lacistema hasslerianum, Miconia albicans, Miconia langsdorffii, Miconia stenostachya, Palicourea marcgravii, Piptocarpha rotundifolia, Psychotria hoffmannseggiana e Psychotria vellosiana. Esse resultado e consistente com as características estruturais do dossel do cerradão, que possibilitam maior entrada de luz ao sub-bosque; e contrasta com o relatado para outras fisionomias florestais, onde as espécies de sub-bosque são tipicamente tolerantes a sombra / Abstract: Regeneration consists on the process of reconstruction and reorganization of the structure and composition of a plant community, and has been intensively studied in ombrophilous and seasonal forests according to the paradigm of gap dynamics and ecological succession. However, regeneration of woody plant species in the cerrado is still poorly understood, and few studies evaluate both the overstory and the understory in cerrado areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the floristics and phytosociology of the woody community of the overstory and understory in a cerradao fragment at Assis, Sao Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. Field work was conducted at Assis Ecological Station, in a 10,4 ha permanent plot, part of the Permanent Plots Project from the BIOTA/FAPESP Program. This plot is divided in 256 contiguous subplots of 20 m x 20 m, of which 100 subplots were randomly selected and analyzed. To study the overstory, we used data collected at the Permanent Plots Project, regarding all woody individuals with perimeter at breast height (PBH) ? 15 cm, for these 100 subplots. To study of the understory, we delimited a sector of 2 m x 2 m within each selected subplot, in which all woody individuals with height > 20 cm and PBH < 15 cm were measured and identified. All overstory and understory species were categorized according to their habitat, based in regional phytosociological studies, into non excluding groups: forest (F), when there is record of the species in forest formations that do not belong to cerrado sensu lato; cerradao (C), when there is record of the species in cerradao; and cerrado sensu lato (c), when there is record of the species in the remaining cerrado sensu lato physiognomies. We also calculated the usual phytosociological parameters for all overstory and understory species. Both the overstory and the understory in the study site were composed of species of intermediate distribution between habitats, the majority (46% of overstory species and 36% of understory species) occurring in cerrado/cerradão, including widely distributed Cerrado species (such as Bowdichia virgilioides, Machaerium acutifolium, Plathymenia reticulata, Pouteria ramiflora, Qualea grandiflora, Roupala montana e Xylopia aromatica) and common southern Cerrado species (such as Eriotheca gracilipes, Eugenia pluriflora, Gochnatia polymorpha, Machaerium brasiliense, Myrcia venulosa e Ocotea corymbosa). Regenerating individuals belonging to overstory species accounted for most of the cerradão understory, both in number of species (81%, n=60) and importance value (221 of the total of 300). At the cerradão, we observed a group of understory species composed of heliophyte and small sized trees and shrubs that also occur in the open cerrado physiognomies, such as: Lacistema hasslerianum, Miconia albicans, Miconia langsdorffii, Miconia stenostachya, Palicourea marcgravii, Piptocarpha rotundifolia, Psychotria hoffmannseggiana e Psychotria vellosiana. This result is consistent with the structural characteristics of the cerradão overstory, which enable light penetration to the understory; and differs from data reported in other forest formations, where understory species are typically shade tolerant / Mestrado / Biologia Vegetal / Mestre em Biologia Vegetal
58

Post-fire species composition and regeneration of understory vegetation in a boreal forest in central Sweden

Hassel, Anna January 2018 (has links)
Post-fire survival, composition and regeneration of understory species in the boreal forest have shown to be affected by several factors, where consumption of the organic soil layer together with altered soil properties play important parts. There has however also been shown that the pre-fire site characteristics affect the post-fire understory vegetation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of fire and pre-fire site characteristics on understory regeneration and composition at a local scale in a boreal forest. Classification of species richness of the understory species together with measurements of biomass in terms of leaf area index (LAI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were performed in a Pinus sylvestris forest in the Gärsjön catchment area, three years after a stand-replacing wildfire. Data of site index, fire severity on soil and moss, fire severity on shrubs, stand age, and remaining humus depth were also used. A total of 36 species of vascular plants (10 forbs, 14 graminoids, 5 dwarf shrubs, 2 ferns, 1 shrub and 4 trees) together with 3 species of bryophytes were recorded in the area. The study revealed that understory species composition was explained by remaining humus depth and site index. The regeneration of the understory was affected differently, where LAI was affected by site index, and NDVI was connected to both site index and fire severity on soil and moss. LAI and NDVI differed in their sensitivity in capturing differences among plant species, where higher values of LAI were associated to species such as E. sylvaticum, P. erecta, C. arundinacea and J. conglomeratus, while NDVI was related to both the ground and field layer, with high values associated to a high abundance of C. canescens and C. ovalis. According to my result, it can be concluded that NDVI is a more appropriate measure of post-fire re-establishment and recovery of understory vegetation in the boreal forest.
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Long-term Effects of Deer Browsing on Northern Wisconsin Forest Plant Communities

Begley, Danielle Rae 26 July 2013 (has links)
No description available.
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Traversability analysis in unstructured forested terrains for off-road autonomy using LIDAR data

Foroutan, Morteza 25 November 2020 (has links)
Scene perception and traversability analysis are real challenges for autonomous driving systems. In the context of off-road autonomy, there are additional challenges due to the unstructured environments and the existence of various vegetation types. It is necessary for the Autonomous Ground Vehicles (AGVs) to be able to identify obstacles and load-bearing surfaces in the terrain to ensure a safe navigation (McDaniel et al. 2012). The presence of vegetation in off-road autonomy applications presents unique challenges for scene understanding: 1) understory vegetation makes it difficult to detect obstacles or to identify load-bearing surfaces; and 2) trees are usually regarded as obstacles even though only trunks of the trees pose collision risk in navigation. The overarching goal of this dissertation was to study traversability analysis in unstructured forested terrains for off-road autonomy using LIDAR data. More specifically, to address the aforementioned challenges, this dissertation studied the impacts of the understory vegetation density on the solid obstacle detection performance of the off-road autonomous systems. By leveraging a physics-based autonomous driving simulator, a classification-based machine learning framework was proposed for obstacle detection based on point cloud data captured by LIDAR. Features were extracted based on a cumulative approach meaning that information related to each feature was updated at each timeframe when new data was collected by LIDAR. It was concluded that the increase in the density of understory vegetation adversely affected the classification performance in correctly detecting solid obstacles. Additionally, a regression-based framework was proposed for estimating the understory vegetation density for safe path planning purposes according to which the traversabilty risk level was regarded as a function of estimated density. Thus, the denser the predicted density of an area, the higher the risk of collision if the AGV traversed through that area. Finally, for the trees in the terrain, the dissertation investigated statistical features that can be used in machine learning algorithms to differentiate trees from solid obstacles in the context of forested off-road scenes. Using the proposed extracted features, the classification algorithm was able to generate high precision results for differentiating trees from solid obstacles. Such differentiation can result in more optimized path planning in off-road applications.

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