Sidman's (2000) theory of stimulus equivalence predicts an interaction between the development of analytic units and the development of equivalence relations. Previous research has documented these interactions (stewart, Barnes-Holmes, Roche, & Smeets, 2002; Vaidya & Brackney, 2014), therefore the current study attempted to replicate the effects seen in Vaidya & Brackney, 2014 (Experiment 2). Baseline conditional discriminations were trained for two sets of three, three-member classes, while participants simply observed stimuli in the third set which was arranged identical to those of Sets 1 and 2. Following equivalence tests where performance met the accuracy criterion of 85% for Sets 1 and 2, participants then entered a simple successive discrimination training phase where common responses were then trained with an equivalence class (pressing the Q key in the presence of A1, B1, or C1), cross equivalence classes (pressing the R key in the presence of A4, A5, or A6), or for stimuli where the participants had experience with them, but the contingencies were never arranged to facilitate equivalence class formation. Results showed a facilitative effect for common responses drawn from within equivalence classes (Set 1), and a retardation effect for common responses drawn from across equivalence classes (Set 2), for three of the five participants. Results for Set 3 showed an acquisition that fell intermediate to that of Sets 1 and 2, respectively, suggesting an interaction occurring between existing equivalence relations and the development of analytic units.

No description available.

Elevated concentrations of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) contribute to adverse health outcomes in exposed populations. Anthropogenic source sectors, including aviation, residential combustion (RC), and electricity generating units (EGUs), lead to increased concentrations of these combustion-related pollutants. Quantification of the influence of emissions from specific source sectors on ambient pollutant concentrations can be very useful in better informing public health policy decision making on air quality improvements. Due to complex emissions dynamics, background concentrations, and meteorology, determining contributions of these sources to related health risks is challenging. To assess local impacts of aviation activity, concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and the PM2.5 constituent black carbon (BC) were monitored near airports. Moreover, aviation-attributable fractions were derived from monitored concentrations using regression modeling, and values were compared with predicted aviation-attributable concentrations from a near-field dispersion model. Regional impacts of aviation, RC, and EGUs were assessed using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) atmospheric chemistry and transport model with the Direct Decoupled Method (DDM) to determine sensitivity of ambient PM2.5 and O3 concentrations to emissions from individual sources. Health damage functions, quantified as mortality per thousand tons of emitted precursor species, were created by individual airport for 66 of the highest fuel-burning airports in the United States and by state for RC and EGUs. Physically-interpretable regression models were built to predict aviation-related health damage functions. With local aviation, comparisons of regression-predicted and dispersion-predicted BC and NOx concentrations are similar when aggregated, though diurnal patterns show potential weaknesses in near-field dispersion and emissions inventory accuracy. For regional aviation impacts, health damage function values varied by more than an order of magnitude across airports for each precursor-ambient pollutant pair, with seasonal effects present in secondary pollutant formation. Health damage functions were predicted by combinations of upwind and downwind population, meteorology, and atmospheric chemistry regime. State-resolution contributions of RC and EGUs varied both within and between source sectors, based on local characteristics including population density and EGU location. These findings reinforce the importance of quantification of source-specific air quality and health impacts in the design of health-maximizing emissions control policies.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The area of concentration of this particular project is focused on the central part of the Bredasdorp Basin, block 9, offshore South Africa. Petrophysical evaluation of sandstone reservoirs of the F-0 tract offshore South Africa has been performed. The main aim of this study is to investigate the reservoir potential of this tract, using processed data of four wells which include; F-01, F-02, F-R1 and F-Sl. The data used for this evaluation include; wireline logs, conventional core data and special core analysis data (SCAL). Combining these laboratory results with wireline log examinations and core descriptions gives an idea of the sedimentary environment, sandstone properties and ultimately generates an effective model. Six facies were identified from the core, based on the grain size (facies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6). Facies 1 and 2 had the best reservoir rock qualities, whereas facies 3 to 6 are classified as poor or non - reservoir rock. These reservoirs are deposited in a shallow marine environment. Porosity and permeability are the two main properties which ultimately determine the quality of the reservoir. These two property measurements were taken from the routine core analysis and SCAL data and generated for the entire well using various methods. The Steiber equation was used to calculate the volume of clay from the gamma ray log. The average porosity for all four wells range between 0.5% to 17%. The minimum value recorded for permeability is 0.009mD and the maximum value is 235mD, even though permeability seems to have a broad range, the majority of the values recorded is less than lOmD. Based on these values, the reservoir rock properties are generally classified as moderate to fair. In some places, where the permeability is more than 100mD, the reservoir is classified as very good. Capillary pressure and conventional core data was compared to the log calculated water saturation models. The best fit model was the Indonesia model. The average water saturations range from 10% to 88 %. A total of eleven reservoir intervals were identified from the four wells based on the cut - off parameters. For an interval to be classified as a reservoir interval, the porosity should be equal or greater than 6%, water saturation equal or less than 35% and the volume of clay should be equal to or less than 40%. From the eleven intervals identified, four intervals contain gas and the remainder of the intervals identified are water bearing. The gross thickness of the reservoir ranges from 10m to 66m and net pay interval from 0.46m to 51.6m.

This thesis deals with the analysis of application software for testing airconditioning units. The main objective of the work is to analyze the application software and create its documentation. On the basis of the documentation, the software problems are analyzed and the possible solutions are proposed. Within the thesis the technology of airconditioning units, the programmable logic controller FA-M3 and its programming tool Widefield are described.

The subject of my master´s thesis “Multi-functional Building” is to make operating project documentation to a building in Boskovice that is drawn as an energy saving house. The concept of the house respects the territorial plan of the city and complements the existing buildings. The house has a basement and three floors with a hipped roof. In the basement there is a cellar and technical background for the object in the 1st floor are 2 establishments , hairdressing salon and a cafe and 2nd floor and 3rd floor are designed for housing.

The purpose of this thesis is to design and implementation of the control unit for DC motors. Design is based on the concept of universal communication interface, which has been designed for simplification of communication between individual control systems. Control unit has been realized for DC motors within supply voltage range from 6 to 48 V, and maximal continuous current 2,5 A. For realization, we have used microcontroller LPC2103, and full bridge driver TLE 6209. In the thesis, we have described particular developmental steps of the control unit.

Les unités à taille réduite font partie des méthodes proposées pour la réduction de la consommation d’énergie. Cependant, la plupart de ces unités sont évaluées séparément,c’est-à-dire elles ne sont pas évaluées dans une application complète. Dans cette thèse, des unités à taille réduite pour le calcul et pour l’accès à la mémoire de données, configurables au moment de l’exécution, sont intégrées dans un processeur RISC-V. La réduction d’énergie et la qualité de sortie des applications exécutées sur le processeur RISC-V étendu avec ces unités, sont évaluées. Les résultats indiquent que la consommation d’énergie peut être réduite jusqu’à 14% pour une erreur ≤0.1%. De plus, nous avons proposé un modèle d’énergie générique qui inclut à la fois des paramètres logiciels et architecturaux. Le modèle permet aux concepteurs logiciels et matériels d’avoir un aperçu rapide sur l’impact des optimisations effectuées sur le code source et/ou sur les unités de calcul. / Reduced width units are ones of the power reduction methods. However such units have been mostly evaluated separately, i.e. not evaluated in a complete applications. In this thesis, we extend the RISC-V processor with reduced width computation and memory units, in which only a number of most significant bits (MSBs), configurable at runtime is active. The energy reduction vs quality of output trade-offs of applications executed with the extended RISC-V are studied. The results indicate that the energy can be reduced by up to 14% for an error ≤ 0.1%. Moreover we propose a generic energy model that includes both software parameters and hardware architecture ones. It allows software and hardware designers to have an early insight into the effects of optimizations on software and/or units.

This study presents an exploration of the structure, dynamics and utilisation of woody plants in vegetation units of northern Maputaland. Animal (in Tembe Elephant Park) and human (in the rural community of Manqakulane) utilisation of woody plants were compared against a control area (Tshanini Community Conservation Area) where animals were extirpated and people were precluded through tribal rules. The tree assemblages of the unique Sand Forest were explored, and compared with previous studies. A new classification was proposed and a new subcommunity was established. Contrary to previous studies, a gradient from Short to Intermediate to Tall Sand Forest was defined, and it was suggested that structurally different Sand Forest subcommunities represent a mosaic of different evolutionary states, rather than stationary states as perceived currently. Animal utilisation appeared to have transformed Sand Forest in conserved land to such an extent that it no longer resembled Sand Forest outside conserved areas. The structure of Sand Forest and woodlands of the region was evaluated at the vegetation unit level (21 vegetation units), through a size and height class distribution analysis of woody plants. Humans and animals had clearly modified the woodlands and appeared to force succession from closed woodland to open woodland. The Sand Forest appeared to benefit from low intensity animal utilisation, with increased diversity, and possibly enhanced dynamics. However, signs that current animal utilisation have negative effects were perceived. The size class distribution of Sand Forest and woodland woody species was presented and an analysis of species grain was performed. The grain concept was successfully applied to woodland species for the first time. It appeared that nearly all vegetation units were fine-grained, and therefore governed by small-scale dynamics. Frequent small disturbances are necessary to maintain diversity. There was cause for concern that current animal and human utilisation threaten such fine-scale dynamics. The utilisation level by the browsing mammals guild in Tembe Elephant Park and by small browsers and people in Manqakulane Rural Community were evaluated over two periods. Small to medium browsers utilised more woody species and height classes than any other agent, but with short-term effects. However, utilisation marks linked to elephants and people were accumulating significantly, and the long-term effects of these agents were threatening the dynamics of Maputaland vegetation. The case of woody species utilisation by elephants was evaluated further and compared with a previous study. Overall utilisation by elephants reached 100% of individuals for several woody species, while other species’ regeneration potential was severely threatened. Woody species preferred in 1994 were nearly extirpated. Utilisation of woody species by elephants throughout Tembe Elephant Park appeared correlated with distance to permanent water points during a dry spell. In conclusion, it appeared clear that policies in favour of high animal numbers in formally conserved areas were not suited for northern Maputaland and this result should be considered when the expansion of the South African protected areas of Maputaland into Mozambique becomes effective. Community-based conservation appeared promising, but novel ways of generating income should be investigated. / Thesis (PhD (Wildlife Management))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Animal and Wildlife Sciences / unrestricted

Orientador: Gener Tadeu Pereira / Resumo: As Unidades de Conservação é um instrumento da Política Nacional de Meio Ambiente que determinou a criação de espaços para que sejam utilizados como proteção e garantia do equilíbrio ecossistêmico no território brasileiro. A Área de Proteção Ambiental do rio Uberaba (APA) é uma Unidade de Conservação criada com o objetivo de garantir a qualidade das águas do rio Uberaba, sendo este, o manancial de abastecimento público da cidade de Uberaba - MG. É caracterizada como uma unidade de conservação de uso sustentável, e algumas atividades altamente impactantes vêm sendo realizadas na sua área, com isso, causando diversas alterações no meio, tais como erosão, eutrofização de cursos d’água e alterações na qualidade e quantidade de água. Objetivou-se nesta proposta identificar as áreas prioritárias para conservação do solo e da água na Área de Proteção Ambiental do rio Uberaba utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento. As áreas foram definidas a partir da estimativa de perdas de solos pela Equação Universal de Perda de Solo e dos usos e ocupação dos solos nas Áreas de Preservação Permanente. O modelado do relevo fora mapeado em 5 unidades: Dissecado Homogêneo de Topo Tabular – Dt (42,39%); Dissecado Homogêneo de Topo Convexo – Dtc (24,78%); Rampa de Colúvio– Arc (17,21%); Pediplano Degradado Inumado ‒ Pgi (11,45%); e o Dissecado Estrutural de Topo Convexo – DE (4,17%) da APA. O Potencial Nacional de Erosão (PNE) apresentou valores baixos(<100 t ha-1 ano-1 ) em 41,99% da APA, médios (100... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Conservation Units is an instrument of the National Environmental Policy that determined the creation of spaces to be used as protection and guarantee of the ecosystem balance in the Brazilian territory. The Uberaba River Environmental Protection Area (EPA) is a Conservation Unit created with the objective of guaranteeing the quality of the waters of the Uberaba River, which is the source of public supply of the city of Uberaba - MG. It is characterized as a sustainable use conservation unit, and some highly impacting activities have been carried out in its area, causing several changes in the environment, such as erosion, eutrophication of watercourses and changes in water quality and quantity. The objective of this proposal was to identify priority areas for soil and water conservation in the Uberaba River Environmental Protection Area using geoprocessing techniques. Areas were defined by estimating soil losses by the Universal Equation of Soil Loss and land use and occupation in Permanent Preservation Areas. The relief models were mapped in 5 units: Homogeneous Dissected Tabular Top - Dt (42.39%); Top Convex Homogeneous Dissected - Dtc (24.78%); Coluvium Ramp - Arc (17.21%); Degraded Pediplane - Pgi (11.45%); and the EPA Convex Top - Structural Dissection (4.17%). The Natural Erosion Potential presented low values (<100 t ha-1 year-1 ) in 41.99% of the APA, average values (100-200 t ha-1 year-1 ) in 25.64% and the high values (200-600 t ha-1 year-1 ), very high (600 -1... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor