L’Arabie Saoudite, depuis la découverte du pétrole dans les années 1950, a connue une urbanisation brutale, entraînant de grands changements sociaux et spatiaux. Djeddah illustre cette mutation de la société saoudienne. De village côtier au milieu du XXe siècle, elle est devenue une grande agglomération, et cela en quelques décennies. C’est dire l’expansion phénoménale enregistrée par la ville.Mais une urbanisation aussi rapide et massive ne peut que susciter de graves problèmes de gestion, de fonctionnement et d’équipement. Pour y faire face, les autorités ont eu recours à la planification comme instrument de prévision et d’anticipation. Toutefois, les différents plans élaborés par les professionnels de l’urbain, se sont très vite révélés inadaptés. Ainsi, la population de la ville n’a cessé de s'amplifier et les surfaces urbanisées se sont étalées dans tous les sens, rendant de ce fait aléatoire toute approche en termes de « modèle » conçu et préétabli.Ces indications révèlent que la ville n’est pas un simple « objet », mais un rapport social, donc un espace en mouvement. Dès lors, si notre souci consiste à appréhender la façon dont les pouvoirs publics ont conçu la structuration du milieu urbain, les méthodes et les concepts utilisés, les projets et programmes envisagés, il importe également de décrypter les pratiques des habitants engendrant, selon les cas, une évolution harmonieuse ou chaotique du tissu urbain. Posé sous cet angle, ce point traduit notre problématique. Celle-ci consiste, plus précisément, à savoir comment les divers acteurs, en particulier les « citadins ordinaires », interfèrent dans le processus d’expansion et de production de la ville. Dans cette approche de la ville, il s’est avéré nécessaire d’élaborer une base de données, d’effectuer une analyse cartographique et de prendre appui sur l’observation de terrain. / Since the discovery of oil in the 1950s, Saudi Arabia has experienced a sudden Urbanization, causing major social and spatial changes. Jeddah demonstrates this transformation of the Saudi society. In only few decades, this coastal village turned into a large city in the middle of the twentieth century. This in turn, has marked a phenomenal growth recorded by the city. This rapid and massive urbanization has created serious problems in terms of management, operation and equipments. Authorities, in response, have devised planning as a means of prediction and anticipation. However, different plans that have been suggested by professionals in Jeddah were not sufficient. Thus, the city population has continued to grow and urban areas have expanded in all directions, and therefore making the designed model and all other approaches uncertain. Therefore, it is important to understand that, the city is not just an "object" but a growing space where there is an active social relationship amongst the population. So, if we are to understand how the government designed urban areas, methods and concepts used, projects and programs planned, it is appropriate to consider at the same time what the resulting population will look like while developing the urban fabrics. Our main problem from these points of view is more precisely to comprehend how the various factors, especially "the ordinary citizen", involved in the whole process of expansion and city creation work. As far as this approach is concerned, it is necessary to develop a database, build and analyze maps and also to perform field observation in order to deal with the problems in all aspects.

Les écoulements en milieu urbain sont complexes et à l’heure actuelle estimés à l’aide d’outils informatiques. Pourtant, le manque de données expérimentales sur des géométries urbaines rend la validation et l’encadrement de l’utilisation de ces derniers difficile. Cette thèse présente les résultats obtenus sur un modèle physique d’un quartier urbain. La distribution des hauteurs d’eau ainsi que la répartition des débits en sortie du quartier expérimental sont mesurées. Leur étude a mis en évidence certains comportements caractéristiques des écoulements. Les données expérimentales ont été comparées aux simulations numériques générées avec un code 3D (Ansys-Fluent®) et un outil de recherche (Neptune 2D) mis au point durant cette thèse. Ce dernier résout les équations de Barré de Saint Venant 2D à l’aide d’un schéma EVR-DG, associé à une modification des solveurs de Riemann qui rend le code de calcul well-balanced.Les écarts observés entre Ansys-Fluent® et l’expérimental sont majoritairement en-dessous de 10%. Le code Neptune 2D apparait quant à lui légèrement moins précis : les écarts peuvent atteindre 20 à 30%. Diverses hypothèses sont avancées pour expliquer ces écarts. / This study deals with urban floods. Nowadays, numerical tools are used to simulate those complex flows. Nevertheless, the lack of experimental make the validation of the softwares difficult. This work presents experimental results of an urban flood physical model. The water height and the outflows at every outlet are measured and compared to numerical results. This study highlights some observed specificities of urban flows. In order to simulate those flows, a numerical tool (Neptune 2D) was developed during this PhD to solve the 2D shallow water equations with an EVR-DG scheme. Modifications of the Riemann solvers lead to a wellbalanced scheme. Numerical results were also provided with a 3D software (Ansys-Fluent®). Differences between Ansys-Fluent® and experimental results are mainly under 10%. Neptune2D is less accurate, with differences reaching 20 to 30%. Some hypotheses are discussed to explain those discrepencies.

The aim of this diploma thesis is reconstruction design of Húskova Street in Brno, which is located in Černovice district. Static traffic, cycling and movement of pedestrians will be solved within reconstruction. The project was processed in four variant solutions. Variant A is emphasised on maximal number of parking space in draft form 45° angled parking driving ahead, variant B takes into account existing condition, the number of parking space and cycling, variant C leaves current status and adjustment consists of marking by horizontal road marking, in variant D is once again effort for maximal number of parking space, but with driving to the place by reversing. Evaluation of variants was done and variant B was chosen for detailed processing

The diploma thesis is focused on the assessment of the stream and the proposal against flood risk in the location of town Březová nad Svitavou. The stream Svitava flows under administration of Povodí Moravy. s. p. The stream Svitava flowing through urban area, has a high potencial flood risk. The current situation of a section of the stream is assessed based on defined data and personal inspection. On the stream, there were provided the measurements by the method of HEM. Capacity of the stream along with the objects for the particular section were calculated in the software HEC-RAS. Based on the results, there have been designed the flood protection. The final design was verified by the calculation in the program HEC-RAS.

This thesis deals with reconstruction in front of the main train station in Brno. The space is an important transfer terminal and there are hight intensity of pedestrians due to the fact the train station is next to this location. The pedestrians are chaotically moving in the examine space (especially in the location of crossway). The goals of the thesis are to improve the quality of mobility of pedestrians in this location, to ensure barrier – free access to public transport stops which are not ensured today and to reduce static and transit traffic that does not belong into this space.

The subject of my thesis is the project-level documentation for the building location on the roundabout on Vojackovo namesti in Prostejov. Current condition create light controlled crosroad of roads II/150 and III/44934. In this thesis was examinated several options and for selected option was elaborated capacity assessment. For the final shape of new designed crossroad, wich is technically elaborated Attached are the text and drawing documentation in accordance with all legal and technical standards.

This master's degree thesis is focused on the traffic problem at Míru square in the city of Brno where the intersection with tram terminus turning loop is located. Thesis is based on local engineering survey with the outcome of six different design variants. The variant with the tram turning loop displaced north-west was chosen for detailed design with the outcome of full technical documentation and drawings.

The main objective of the thesis is to design a roundabout in the depth of anurbanistic study. The concerned crossroad is found in a village of Prestanov where the roads I/13 and II/253 intersecting. The goal of a supposed reconstruction is to change the traffic scheme of the current crossroad to design a roundabout. The change would provide the traffic flow going from the minor road II/253 with free-flowing traffic and better safety issues. Three new versions of the crossroad were designed. The spiral type roundabout is pursued further to the final design. The drawings and the technical report are also included. On top of that, the thesis contains an engineering geology survey and a road capacity assessment.

This work aims to create transport–urbanism study which will lead to the improvement of attractivity of the whole region, whether for permanent or migrant populations, converts the traffic so that the least interfere with visitors of the city center while retaining its good accessibility, supports the development of pedestrian and cycling routes in context of the surrounding area. Traffic-urban solution will work with the master plan of Ostrava city and also take into account results of performed architectural and urban design competitions of a city in the area of interest. Emphasis will be placed on an economically resonable solution with connection to the future development of the site, construction phasing and quick implementation.

En France, dans un contexte d’accident technologique, les consignes de mise en sécurité de la population préconisent le confinement à défaut de l’évacuation, pour laquelle les retours d’expérience à l’échelle d’une ville sont rares. De plus, s’il existe de nombreux documents de gestion du risque et de crise, ces derniers n’intègrent que de manière très marginale la population automobile, pour laquelle l’évacuation demeure pourtant la solution la plus adaptée. Le (bon) déroulement d’un tel processus dépend à la fois de la stratégie mise en place par les autorités publiques (le cas échéant) et des dynamiques de déplacement, rythmées par les choix opérés par chaque automobiliste. En effet, certains comportements individuels peuvent générer des conflits en quelques points du réseau routier et contribuer ainsi à une augmentation du temps nécessaire pour évacuer les automobilistes présents sur l’ensemble du réseau exposé. Ce travail de recherche s’est attaché, par la simulation multi-agents, à développer une méthode capable de rendre compte, dans l’espace et dans le temps, des conséquences que pourraient engendrer telle ou telle stratégie d’évacuation, à Rouen (Normandie). À partir d’une modélisation des déplacements quotidiens, une série de scénarios d’évacuation a été testée, combinant la mise en place ou non d’itinéraires spécifiques, le maintien ou non de la signalétique et l’adoption d’un comportement impatient de conduite par un certain nombre d’automobilistes. L’efficacité de chaque stratégie, définie en termes de durée d’évacuation totale, est complétée par une analyse cartographique et dynamique des zones problématiques (saturées) du réseau rouennais. / In France, when an industrial accident occurs, the population confinement mainly prevails over its evacuation. Moreover, the latter suffers a lack of experience feedbacks, especially at the city scale. In addition, while numerous risk management and crisis documents exist, they marginally integrate the car drivers, for which evacuation does remain the most appropriate solution. The (good) progress of such a process depends both on (1) the public authorities’ strategy and (2) the choices made by each car driver during his trip. Indeed, some individual behaviors can generate conflicts in some points of the road network, and thus increase the duration of the whole network discharge. Thanks to the multi-agents simulation, we developed a method able to report the spatio-temporal consequences generated by different evacuation strategies, in Rouen (Normandy). Based on a daily travel model, a series of evacuation scenarios is tested, combining whether or not specific routes are set up, whether or not signage are maintained, and the adoption of an impatient behavior by some car drivers. The effectiveness of each strategy is defined by the total evacuation duration, and completed by a cartographic and dynamic analysis of the jammed areas of the Rouen network.