This thesis investigates the design and implementation of wireless communication system over the GNU Radio. Wireless applications are on the rise with advent of new devices, therefore there is a need to transfer the hardware complexity to software. This development enables software radio function with minimum hardware dependency. the purpose of this thesis is to design a system that will transmit compressed data via Software Defined Radio (SDR). Some parameters such as modulation scheme, bit rate can be changed to achieve the desired quality of service. in this thesis GNU (GNU’s not unix) radio is used while the hardware structure is Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP). in order to accomplish the goal, a compression technique called H264 (MPEG_4) encoding is applied for converting data into compressed format. the encoder was implemented in C++ to get compressed data. After encoding, the transmitter reads the compressed data and starts modulation. After modulation, the transmitter put the packets into USRP and sends it to the receiver. Once packets are received they are demodulated and then decoded to recover the original data.

Software Defined Radios (SDRs) are systems in which components such as filters, modulators, demodulators, etc., typically implemented in hardware are instead implemented in software. Thus, SDR systems shift signal processing from analog to digital domain. The signal processing is performed in reconfigurable devices like General Purpose Processors (GPP) or Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). The resulting flexibility of SDR systems brings in many advantages to wireless communications such as improved interoperability, adaptation capability and more future-proof hardware. Various prototype/laboratory friendly hardware are available such as Universal Software Radio Peripherals (USRPs), developed by Ettus Research, which in combination with software interfaces such as GNU Radio can be used to design and implement a Software Defined Radio(SDR) system. This has in turn enabled numerous research opportunities and advancements in field of wireless communication. However one major drawback of these simple USRP devices is that they are un-calibrated in terms of power or voltage and hence give the results in relative terms/counts. This poses a disadvantage in real world scenarios where parameters such as power measured in milliwatts or dBm, are used to design, implement, and test devices and systems and to collect and interpret experimental results. Lack of connectivity with these metrics leads to the USRP devices being confined to proof of concept implementation and demonstrations, and limits their utility for experimentation. In this thesis an attempt has been made to calibrate the USRPN210 (with WBX daughter board) devices and derive some calibration factors that would help relate the experimental results obtained from the USRP and GNU Radio combination to real world metrics. This also makes the result-set clearer and easily understandable. Several experiments were conducted to understand and characterize the performance of the USRP under different conditions. Experiments such as determination of 1-dB compression point, Third order intercept point helped understand the linearity range of the device under transmitter and receiver operations. The 3rd order input intercept point for USRPN210 device with WBX board with calibration was found to be around 0.25 dBm, which is closer to the expected value of 0 dBm at 400 MHz. Amplitude and frequency stability tests over the operational frequency range of the daughter board helped to note if change in frequency produced any variation in the received or transmitted power. Also variation with respect to gain helped derive a reference table for transmitted power, which could be used in for future experiments. Conducting these experiments over a sample of 10 USRPs helped in obtaining standardized values and benchmarking them. The factors obtained were also used in some experiments like path loss modeling, position location estimation in order to determine their effectiveness and impact on such applications. Although, these factors obtained may not be directly applicable to all USRP devices, as in any analog circuitry, and also since they are conducted relative to some specific applications such as the predefined spectrum analyzer utility of GNU Radio (UHD_FFT.grc), they do help to understand the basis of derivation of calibration metrics resulting from the various experiments and also provide a platform for future work in this area to obtain more uniform and globally acceptable results. All photos by the author unless cited, 2014. / Master of Science

Main topic of this thesis is development of software for capture and analysis of RFID communication in UHF band (standard EPC Class-1 Generation-2). One part of the work is focused on the basics of the RFID systems, software defined radio concept and graphical programming language LabVIEW. Main part of this thesis is discussing the developed software itself, its methods and principles. Next part is dedicated to present the graphical user interface of created application and its functionality. Last part of this thesis contains examples of captured and analysed processes in UHF RFID communication.

The usage of wireless technology has in the past decade vastly increased and it continues to do so as well. Because of this, we become more and more reliant on this considerably fragile technology. Wireless technology, which uses radio waves to transmit data from one point to another can easily be interfered by radio jammers. This thesis work is about the detection and classification of the interference that is produced by jammers over the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) air interface. A typical GSM jammer that can be found on the Internet is analyzed but also more advanced GSM jammers are analyzed. The GSM standard is analyzed to find vulnerabilities that a jammer can take advantage of. The result is an interference detector that can be used to detect and classify interference over the GSM networks. The detector is constructed with an Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) but is also portable to other software-defined radio (SDR) platforms.

The result of this thesis is the architecture design for a software-defined radio, which is used to analyze the signal emitted by RFID tags in real time. The aim of this analysis is to measure the frequency characteristics of the RFID tag. The main means for achieving the objective of optimizing signal processing algorithms and reduce the time needed to control the hardware compared to the classical concept of SW radio USRP. It is described how to obtain and display digitally sampled signals using a graphical programming language LabVIEW and subsequent processing of these data in MATLAB. Further described is the skeleton of the proposed solution.

abstract: In this paper, the Software Defined Radio (SDR) platform is considered for building a pseudo-monostatic, 100MHz Pulse-Doppler radar. The SDR platform has many benefits for experimental communications systems as it offers relatively cheap, parametrically dynamic, off-the-shelf access to the Radiofrequency (RF) spectrum. For this application, the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) X310 hardware package is utilized with GNURadio for interfacing to the device and Matlab for signal post- processing. Pulse doppler radar processing is used to ascertain the range and velocity of a target considered in simulation and in real, over-the-air (OTA) experiments. The USRP platform offers a scalable and dynamic hardware package that can, with relatively low overhead, be incorporated into other experimental systems. This radar system will be considered for implementation into existing over-the-air Joint Radar- Communications (JRC) spectrum sharing experiments. The JRC system considers a co-designed architecture in which a communications user and a radar user share the same spectral allocation. Where the two systems would traditionally consider one another a source of interference, the receiver is able to decode communications information and discern target information via pulse-doppler radar simultaneously. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2019

Nowadays the rapid developments of wireless communication technologies there are more and more ways to look into the RF measurements and designs in detail such as Universal Software Radio Peripheral(USRP) from LabVIEW, Advance Design System(ADS),etc.Moreover a lack of measurements what compared with different digital modulation schemes is becoming a problem. In this thesis by building the simulations of communication system in NI-USRP system and measuring the results then compare with the different PSK system in order to give a deeper insight of this new software of USRP from LabVIEW. and in the end analyze bit error rate varus signal to noise ratio from the PSK system. To get the characterizations of NI-USRP system the first step is to build multiple simulations such as FM receiver, PSK wireless communication systems. By performing the FM receiver is to analyze the quality of the receiving and baseband FM signal. And from the simulation of different PSK communications through the analysis of the performance of BPSK,QPSK,OQPSK and compared with bit error rate it could give an insight of characterization of NI-USRP system and in the end the conclusions give in which kind of prototype or simulation that suit the best of NI-USRP system.

<p>GNU Radio is a software framework allowing easy creation of digital signal processing applications on a regular PC. The Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) is a hardware component that can be used as a radio front-end and that is connected to a PC using USB. GNU Radio and the USRP together form a system for software-defined radio. The purpose of this thesis project have been to insert a large programmable logic circuit into the system that GNU Radio and the USRP together form. The goal of this is to make it possible to move parts of the signal processing away from GNU Radio and instead implement these parts in hardware. Possibilities for doing this has been analyzed and one of the possible systems performing this has been designed.</p>

GNU Radio is a software framework allowing easy creation of digital signal processing applications on a regular PC. The Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) is a hardware component that can be used as a radio front-end and that is connected to a PC using USB. GNU Radio and the USRP together form a system for software-defined radio. The purpose of this thesis project have been to insert a large programmable logic circuit into the system that GNU Radio and the USRP together form. The goal of this is to make it possible to move parts of the signal processing away from GNU Radio and instead implement these parts in hardware. Possibilities for doing this has been analyzed and one of the possible systems performing this has been designed.

Cognitive radio is an autonomous transceiver that is continuously sensing theongoing communication in its environment, it then starts the communication whenever it is appropriate. Therefore, cognitive radio helps improving the spectrum utilization of the overall communication system. However, without suitable spectrum sensing techniques, cognitive radio would fail. Hence, in this thesis we investigate and implement various spectrum sensing algorithms via software defined radio for both single antenna and multiple antenna cases. The main communi-cation scheme that we are using is OFDM. Moreover, both computer simulations and real-world measurements, have also been done for comparison and analysis ofthe detector’s performance. The detectors we are using are based on correlationfunction of the received signal and generalized likelihood ratio test with its eigen-value. The results from the simulations and measurements are then representedas probability of missed detection curves for different signal to noise ratios. Ourresults show that the performance of the generalized likelihood ratio test baseddetectors are at least 2 dB better than the correlation based detector in our mea-surement. Moreover, our simulations show that they are able to outperform thecorrelation function detector by more than 6 dB. Although, generalized likelihoodratio test based detectors seem to be better than the correlation function baseddetector, it requires more computational power which may limit its practical use.