L'Internet des Objets, dont la vision et les technologies provoquent la rencontre des mondes physique et numérique, amène aujourd'hui à la création de nouveaux types d'applications permettant d'interopérer les services du World Wide Web avec les produits du quotidien. Ces applications « orientées produit », capables de représenter, contrôler ou de compléter les fonctions d'artéfacts intégrant des capacités de traitement de l'information, remettent en cause les principes et conventions établies par les métiers de la conception. Elles préfigurent l'émergence de produits connectés à Internet, dont l'offre fonctionnelle peut être « augmentée » et modifiée au cours du temps, de manière à répondre aux besoins changeants des utilisateurs. Cette recherche, menée à l'intersection des sciences de la conception, de l'informatique ubiquitaire et des interactions homme-machine, vise à étudier les enjeux que suscitent ces applications lors la conception de produits. Elle met en exergue la nécessité d'établir un modèle descriptif des applications orientées produit facilitant leur figuration par les utilisateurs, ainsi que d'explorer les problèmes pragmatiques résultant de leur intégration dans les produits. Elle conduit également à l'élaboration et l'évaluation, par la pratique, de principes pour le design de la forme et des interactions des produits augmentés. Elle décrit plus particulièrement la ductilité de futurs produits, le nouveau rapport entre fonction, comportement et structure qu'ils établissent, et leurs possibles évolutions. Cette recherche contribue aux travaux sur l'Internet des Objets en proposant un nouveau cadre de discussion, et en offrant aux chercheurs et aux praticiens des outils qui peuvent être employés durant le processus de conception. / The Internet of Things, whose underlying vision and technologies aim at bridging the physical and digital worlds together, lead to the creation of new types of applications coupling Web services with everyday products. Such product-oriented applications, which enable the functional exposition, control or enhancement of artifacts that embed information processing capabilities, question the established design principles and conventions. They open up the possibility for Internet-enabled products, whose functions can be “augmented” and adapted to better support users' changing needs, to be designed. This research, which is at the intersection of Design Science, Ubiquitous Computing and Human-Computer Interactions, aims at studying the impact brought about by applications on product design. It highlights the need to build an application model that facilitates their representation by users, and to explore the pragmatic issues rose by their integration into products. It leads to the definition and evaluation, through practice, of principles for the design of augmented products' form and interactions. It describes the ductility of future products, the novel coupling between functions, behavior and structure they implement and their potential evolutions. This work contributes to the Internet of Things research by reframing the discussion and by providing researchers and practitioners with tools that can be leveraged during the design process.

Le déploiement de logiciels répartis dans des environnements à grande échelle et ouverts (tels les systèmes ubiquitaires, les systèmes mobiles et les systèmes P2P) est une problématique actuelle ouverte. Ces environnements sont distribués, hétérogènes et peuvent être de nature instable (dotés d’une topologie dynamique du réseau). Le déploiement dans ces environnements met en jeu un très grand nombre de machines, de liens réseau ainsi qu’un ensemble de contraintes de déploiement. Quelques solutions de déploiement existent aujourd’hui, mais ne sont exploitables que dans le cadre d’architectures figées et fiables. Dans la plupart des solutions, une personne en charge du déploiement doit décrire plus ou moins manuellement la topologie. En outre, la majorité de ces outils ne prennent pas en compte les problèmes dûs à la variabilité de la qualité de service du réseau, aux pannes des hôtes, aux défaillances des liens du réseau ou encore aux changements dynamiques de topologie, qui caractérisent les environnements ouverts. Dans ce mémoire, nous présentons les motivations de la réalisation d'une infrastructure de déploiement logiciel autonomique et les exigences sous-jacentes d'une telle plate-forme. Nous présentons un état de l’art du déploiement logiciel que nous analysons au regard du contexte visé. Ensuite, nous présentons notre contribution pour le déploiement autonomique. Notre proposition s'appuie sur une combinaison de technologies (composants logiciels, agents mobiles adaptables, intergiciel, langage dédié). Nous proposons j-ASD, un intergiciel qui exploite la complémentarité de ces technologies pour réaliser un déploiement logiciel autonomique. Le processus de déploiement contient trois étapes : description des contraintes de déploiement, résolution, et déploiement autonomique. Pour la première étape, nous avons défini un langage dédié (DSL) comme langage de haut niveau pour exprimer des contraintes de déploiement. Pour la deuxième, nous avons conçu une infrastructure répartie pour collecter les propriétés des sites cibles, ce qui permet de résoudre les contraintes de déploiement. Pour la troisième étape, nous proposons un intergiciel à base d’agents mobiles pour la réalisation et la supervision du déploiement autonomique. Enfin, nous donnons les éléments de conception du prototype que nous avons implémenté, ainsi que les résultats de certaines expérimentations pour montrer la validité de notre approche / Software deployment in large-scale and open distributed systems (such as ubiquitous systems, mobile systems and P2P systems) is still an open issue. These environments are distributed, heterogeneous and can be naturally unstable (fitted with a dynamic network topology). Deployment in such environments require the management of a large number of hosts, network links and deployment constraints. Existing distributed deployment solutions are usable only within static and reliable topologies of hosts, where a man in charge of the deployment has to describe more or less manually the topology. Moreover, majority of these tools do not take into account network and computer QoS variabilities, hosts crashes, network link failures and network topology changes, which characterize open and mobile environments. In this thesis, we discuss the motivations for an autonomic software deployment and the requirements underlying for such a platform. We carefully study and compare the existing work about software deployment. Then, we propose a middleware framework, designed to reduce the human cost for setting up software deployment and to deal with failure-prone and change-prone environments. We also propose an autonomic deployment process in three steps : deployment constraints description step, constraints resolution step and the autonomic deployment step. For the first step, we defined a high-level constraint-based dedicated language (DSL) as support for expressing deployment constraints. In the second step, we have designed a distributed infrastructure to collect target hosts properties used to solve deployment constraints. For the third step, we propose an agent-based system for establishing and maintaining software deployment. At last, we give an overview of our working prototype with some details on some experimental results

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-06-15T15:02:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristofe Coelho Lopes da Rocha_.pdf: 1206259 bytes, checksum: 92abbbebe733f12b9fba88483243b093 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-15T15:02:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristofe Coelho Lopes da Rocha_.pdf: 1206259 bytes, checksum: 92abbbebe733f12b9fba88483243b093 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-18 / IFRR - Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Roraima / Pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca e sem acompanhamento médico diário podem ter os sinais fisiológicos do coração comprometidos, causando graves problemas à saúde. Esse cenário recorrente diminui a qualidade de vida do paciente resultando em readmissões hospitalares, onerando assim o sistema de saúde. Considera-se que o emprego de cuidados ubíquos, usando sensores e wearables, pode melhorar esse processo, reduzindo sensivelmente o número de readmissões em sistemas de saúde. Nesse âmbito, esse trabalho propõe o modelo UbHeart, que emprega ciência da situação para identificar possíveis problemas cardíacos. Como contribuição científica o modelo provê o monitoramento da evolução da degradação dos sinais vitais do coração do paciente, por meio da detecção de possíveis situações de complicação cardíaca. A avaliação foi realizada por meio de um cenário prático com uso de um aplicativo móvel e um conjunto de 100 dados fisiológicos agrupados em cinco intervalos para a análise de dois pacientes de 72 e 23 anos. Os resultados foram positivos quanto à aplicação do modelo UbHeart, que possibilitou a compreensão da situação de forma distinta. Foram encontrados valores de 80% de grau envolvimento dos dois pacientes em relação ao risco quando considerado a média dos sinais fisiológicos no intervalo, e de 50% e 20% para os pacientes idoso e jovem, respectivamente, quando considerado a tendência lógica dos sinais fisiológicos no intervalo. / Patient with heart failure and without daily monitoring may have heart vital signals comitted becaming inevitable their hospitalization. This recurrent scene decreases the patient's life quality, resulting in hospital readmissions generating costs to health of system. The use of ubiquitous care, using sensors and wearables, can automate this process reducing the number of hospital admissions. In this context, we are proposing a model named Ubheart, which employs situation awareness to identify possible heart problems. As a scientific contribution the proposed model monitors the possible degradation of patient's heart vital signs, using the detection of situations of cardiac complications. The evaluation was performed by means of a practical scenario with use of a mobile application and a set of physiological data 100 grouped into five intervals for analysis two patients 72 and 23 years. The results were positive and the application of UbHeart model that allowed us to understand the situation differently. They found values of 80% degree of engagement of the two patients compared to the risk when considering the average of the physiological signals in range and 50% and 20% for elderly and young patients, respectively, when considered logical tendency of physiological signals in interval.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-07-14T12:32:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 George Almeida De Oliveira_.pdf: 1203626 bytes, checksum: 54258ab2dd96b3f2309b53d61fd0ce0f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-14T12:32:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 George Almeida De Oliveira_.pdf: 1203626 bytes, checksum: 54258ab2dd96b3f2309b53d61fd0ce0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-21 / Nenhuma / Com a popularização no mercado de consumo de wearables, ou dispositivos vestíveis, a computação móvel e ubíqua vem se tornando presente em diversas áreas como educação, comércio e entretenimento. Na área da saúde estes dispositivos têm um importante papel, pois contam com sensores para captura de sinais fisiológicos, como por exemplo, medir a temperatura corporal e batimentos cardíacos do usuário. Em muitos casos não há qualquer padronização ou comunicação entre os diferentes sistemas de cuidados ubíquos que administram os dados fisiológicos do usuário. Esse trabalho apresenta uma proposta para gerenciamento de históricos de contextos fisiológicos através de um modelo denominado GECONFI. O modelo suporta a coleta de dados através de aplicações que utilizam dispositivos e sensores de monitoramento, também define uma ontologia para o domínio de contextos fisiológicos. Esse trabalho apresenta o uso de três aplicações integradas ao GECONFI que permitiram avaliar e testar os serviços disponibilizados pelo modelo. A primeira aplicação chamada SiCuide foi aplicada com treze pacientes e um enfermeiro, que apresentaram pareceres positivos em relação a sua utilidade para o monitoramento fisiológico dos usuários. Os outros dois sistemas denominados FitBurn e Heart-Control foram aplicados em um cenário baseado em sensibilidade a contexto permitindo o acesso compartilhado de uma mesma trilha. Os resultados obtidos mostraram a viabilidade para que outros sistemas realizem a administração de históricos contextuais de maneira genérica através do modelo proposto. / With the popularization in wearables market, or wearable devices, the mobile and ubiquitous computing is becoming present in areas such as education, commerce and entertainment. In healthcare these devices have an important role, as have sensors for capturing physiological signals, such as measuring the body temperature and heart rate of the user. In many cases there´s no standardization or communication between different Ubiquitous care systems that manage the physiological user data. This work presents a proposal for historical contexts of physiological management through a model called GECONFI. The model supports data collection through applications that use devices and monitoring sensors, defines an ontology for the domain of physiological contexts. This work presents the use of three integrated applications to GECONFI, that allowed evaluate and test the services provided by the model. The first application called SiCuide was applied with thirteen patients and a nurse, who showed positive opinions regarding its usefulness for physiological monitoring of users. The other two systems called FitBurn and Heart-Control were applied in a scenario based on sensitivity to context allowing shared access to the same track. The results showed the feasibility for other systems to perform the administration of contextual historical generically through the proposed model.

In the future world of ubiquitous computing, wireless devices will be everywhere. Personal area networks (PANs), networks that facilitate communications between devices within a short range, will be used to send and receive data and commands that fulfill an individual’s needs. This research determines the future prospects of PANs by examining success criteria, application areas and barrierschallenges. An initial set of issues in each of these three areas is identified from the literature. The Delphi Method is used to determine what experts believe what are the most important success criteria, application areas and barrierschallenges. Critical success factors that will determine the future of personal area networks include reliability of connections, interoperability, and usability. Key application areas include monitoring, healthcare, and smart things. Important barriers and challenges facing the deployment of PAN are security, interference and coexistence, and regulation and standards.

The future Internet will need to cater for an increasing number of powerful devices and entire groups of networks to roam in heterogeneous access networks. The current approach towards meeting such requirements, which is to retrofit mobility solutions to different layers of the protocol stack, has given rise to an increasingly fragmented network control layer. Furthermore, retrofitting solutions in an ad-hoc manner to the protocol stack does not provide consistent support from the network to different applications. This lack of a common control layer for facilitating roaming in heterogeneous networking environments represents a crucial challenge both technically and from a user perspective. To this end, a novel mobility architecture forms the basis and the first part of this dissertation. The work on investigating current network mobility solutions and improving these solutions if deemed necessary, in order to reuse within the novel mobility architecture constitutes the second part of this dissertation. The IETF standard protocol for network mobility was implemented and its performance was analysed on a real networking environment. This enabled to identify problems in the standard which affect the handover and routing performance. To address the identified routing and protocol header overheads of the standard network mobility protocol a novel optimal routing framework, OptiNets was proposed. To address the handover latency issues, optimizations to IPv6 network attachment were incorporated and also an access technology independent multiple interface Make-Before-Break handover mechanism was proposed. The viability of the OptiNets framework and the handover optimizations were demonstrated by analysis and by implementation. A more general external factor that affects the performance of mobile networks which is bandwidth scarcity of Wireless Wide Area Networks was addressed, by proposing a bandwidth fuelling architecture for on-board mobile networks. The feasibility of the bandwidth fuelling architecture was analysed by implementing a prototype and evaluating its performance.

La plupart des réseaux de capteurs sans fill d'aujourd'hui fonctionne sur le protocole CSMA/CA. Fournir la qualité de service (QdS) dans un tel réseau est un problème difficile compte tenu de la dynamique du réseau et des contraintes en termes de ressources (énergie et mémoire). Dans cette thèse, sans changer le socle commun du CSMA/CA, nous avons proposé des mécanismes auto-adaptatifs qui permettent de gérer la QdS "best-effort" pour des applications nécessitant de la différenciation de services. Trois mécanismes sont proposés : CoSenS pour "Collecting then Sending burst Scheme", P-CoSenS qui a joute la gestion de priorités à CoSenS, et S-CoSenS qui a joute la dimension énergie à CoSenS. La dynamique du réseau est prise en compte grâce à l'auto-adaptation de périodes de collecte et de transmission en rafale. Il est à souligner que le mécanisme CoSenS permet non seulement d'améliorer les performances de CSMA/CA mais aussi de surmonter la difficulté d'ordonnancer les trafics entrant dans un nœud (routeur) car chaque paquet entrant est immédiatement retransmis vers la sortie. En effet, grâce à la pério de de collecte, les paquets entrants sont mis en file d'attente, rendant ainsi possible d'ordonnancer différemment les paquets selon leur priorité (P-CoSenS). Enfin, le compromis énergie/performance est pris en compte dans S-CoSenS. Selon l'état de l'environnement surveillé, le réseau peut se trouver dans une période où circule un trafic non urgent et souvent faible pendant laquelle il est judicieux de minimiser la consommation d'énergie et une pério de de trafic important pendant laquelle le réseau doit transporter des données urgentes pour suivre une situation alarmante de plus près. Comme CoSenS, S-CoSenS permet de s'auto-adapter dynamiquement en fonction de ces situations. L'ensemble de nos propositions est validé par simulations et CoSenS est implémenté sur une plateforme de réseau de capteurs.

Les nouvelles technologies en matière d'accès à l'information, de communication sans-fil et de localisation d'informations ouvrent la voie à des innovations majeures dans l'utilisation des systèmes informatiques. Ces avancées permettent d'imaginer de nouveaux usages informatiques dont la mise en œuvre motive le développement de méthodes de conception appropriées. Plus particulièrement, l'informatique mobile combine désormais des enjeux conceptuels tels que l'accès à des services par un utilisateur en mobilité, la généralisation d'outils de localisation, la compréhension de systèmes complexes par un public non-expert ou l'importante variabilité des situations d'exécution. Cette thèse propose un cadre de conception qui adresse certains des enjeux pour la mobilité des systèmes d'information. Dans cette perspective, les attentes des utilisateurs et les contraintes technologiques inhérentes à la mobilité des constituants du système définissent un espace contextuel dont les dimensions sont prises en compte dès les premières étapes de la conception. Le modèle proposé établit comme point d'entrée une description de l'espace géographique du système pour différencier un ensemble de contextes d'exécution. L'énoncé de ces contextes permet de corréler les attentes des utilisateurs avec les capacités techniques de la plate-forme et d'offrir le niveau fonctionnel le plus acceptable dans une situation donnée. Dans un second temps, les différentes fonctionnalités et les données mises en œuvre dans chaque contexte d'exécution peuvent être ordonnées ou filtrées afin d'optimiser la présentation des informations aux utilisateurs. Ces recommandations sont produites par l'analyse conjointe des préférences d'utilisateurs selon leurs interactions et leurs comportements spatiaux. Deux cadres expérimentaux viennent illustrer les propositions du modèle. La conception d'un système mobile de suivi de compétition nautique prend en compte différents contextes d'exécution et adapte un niveau de service à des situations dégradées. Un système de documentation et de visite de campus illustre les algorithmes de recommandation et affine la présentation d'informations localement à chaque contexte d'exécution.

With the ubiquity of digitalization, digital convergence of applications, devices, networks and artifacts presents both challenges and opportunities for individuals, organizations and society. Physical artifacts that were not digital in the recent past are now increasingly becoming intertwined with digital components, providing them with digital capabilities. As a consequence, vast amounts of information that used to be invisible can now be captured, digitized and used in new places and novel ways. Organizations thus seek to innovate IT-enabled services based upon the flows of information across both internal and external organizational boundaries. Because IT-enabled services support organizational actors in communicating and collaborating both inside and outside the organizations’ boundaries, they can also assimilate and diffuse knowledge across these boundaries. The thesis is a collection of five papers and a cover paper reporting an exploration of the role of digitalized equipment in boundary-spanning practices as a contribution to the design and implementation of IT-enabled services. Three embedded case studies of Swedish industrial organizations provide an opportunity to address the research question. The findings are based on studies of remote diagnostics services for industrial equipment enabled by remote diagnostics systems, an application family within ubiquitous computing. The thesis illustrates that remote diagnostics systems have a profound impact on how organizational boundaries that were drawn as ‘cross-overs’ are becoming less limited by constraints of time, space and the type of data shared. These systems permit workers at remote sites to gain access to information about external dispersed equipment and production processes. They also create new boundaries between entities that were not previously connected and across existing boundaries with new information and knowledge. This thesis gives insight into how such information sharing across boundaries may leverage multicontextual practices. This thesis contributes to the existing literature with the development of a conceptual apparatus for understanding how embedded technology transforms boundary-spanning practices from a pure social activity to a boundary-spanning assemblage. Boundary spanning is an increasingly complex sociomaterial practice that fundamentally rests on technology as well as human competencies. The technology is deeply intertwined in the boundary-spanning activity as the sensors installed in the monitored equipment serve as the remote technicians’ eyes and ears. Together, the technology and the technicians form a boundary-spanning assemblage. While information systems research has called for attention to the ‘IT artifact’, this thesis underscores the importance of the characteristics of the specific technology and the profound effects it has had on its surroundings. In contrast to predominant ubiquitous computing research that mainly explores mobile applications, this thesis also shows how the increased embeddedness of IT makes technology an invisible but ever-present part of everyday work practices. Digitalized equipment with embedded technology thus raises not only novel opportunities but also novel challenges for both users and researchers. We can design IT solutions today where people close to the technology have no access to or awareness of it. People can be monitored without visual cues revealing the monitoring. Furthermore, developing or using an IT-enabled service is not merely about developing/using a technology or a system; it also involves issues about the technology’s value creation, its ownership, competencies and customer relationships. IT and services should thus not be considered as separate and subsequent processes: they are deeply intertwined and mutual. This thesis thus suggests that digitalized equipment with embedded technology deserves critical scrutiny.

La mise en réseau des dispositifs de gestion de l'information, qu'ils soient de petite taille (capteur - dispositif) ou de grande taille (cluster -super calcu- lateur) accompagnent et accélèrent l'émergence d'une informatique ubiquitaire. Ce mouvement de fond entraîne une explosion, tant de la quantité que de la diversité de l'information disponible. Le sens même de ces informations est souvent ignoré par les traitements opérés dans les couches basses des systèmes qui gèrent ces informations. Dans un contexte où les sources d'information deviennent surabondantes, l'exé- cution de l'opération la plus élémentaire, portant sur la plus élémentaire des in- formations, passe par la maîtrise du sens associé aux données manipulées. Une des évolutions majeures à venir est donc, l'intégration, au cœur des systèmes, du sens associé à l'information et aux processus de traitement. Les domaines plus particulièrement développés sont la recherche de sens dans les textes et la gestion de données dans les systèmes ubiquitaires à grande échelle. Ces recherches ont été conduites au sein de la communauté IMAG et se poursuivent aujourd'hui dans l'équipe SIGMA - laboratoire LIG et de l'Université Joseph Fourier.