Time-dependent cosmic ray modulation in the heliosphere is studied by using a two-dimensional time dependent modulation model. To compute realistic cosmic ray modulation a compound approach is used, which combines the effect of the global changes in the heliospheric magnetic field magnitude and the current sheet tilt angle to establish realistic time dependent diffusion and drift coefficients. This approach is refined by scaling down drifts additionally (compared to diffusion) towards solar maximum. The amount of drifts needed in the model to realistically compute 2.5 GV proton and electron and 1.2GV electron and helium intensities, as measured by Ulysses from 1990 to 2004, is established. It is shown that the model produces the correct latitudinal gradients evident from the observations during both the Ulysses fast latitude scan periods. Also, much can be learned on the magnitude of perpendicular diffusion in the polar direction, K┴θ, especially for solar minimum conditions and for polarity cycles when particles drift in from the poles. For these periods K┴θ = 0.12K║ in the polar regions (with K║ the parallel diffusion coefficient)and K┴θ /K║ can vary between 0.01 to even 0.04 in the equatorial regions depending on the enhancement factor toward the poles. The model is also applied to compute radial gradients for 2.5 GV cosmic ray electrons and protons in the inner heliosphere. It is shown that, for solar minimum, and in the equatorial regions, the protons (electrons) have a radial gradient of 1.9 %/AU (2.9 %/AU), increasing for both species to a very fluctuating gradient varying between 3 to 4 %/AU at solar maximum. Furthermore, the model also computes realistic electron to proton and electron to helium ratios when compared to Ulysses observations, and charge-sign dependent modulation is predicted up to the next solar minimum expected in 2007. Lastly the model is also applied to model simultaneously galactic cosmic ray modulation at Earth and along the Voyager 1 trajectory, and results are compared with> 70 MeV count rates from Voyager 1 and IMP8. To produce realistic modulation, this model gives the magnitude of perpendicular diffusion in the radial direction as K┴r/K║= 0.035 and that the modulation boundary seemed to be situated between at 120 AU and 140 AU. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Physics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

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Time-dependent cosmic ray modulation in the heliosphere is studied by using a two-dimensional time dependent modulation model. To compute realistic cosmic ray modulation a compound approach is used, which combines the effect of the global changes in the heliospheric magnetic field magnitude and the current sheet tilt angle to establish realistic time dependent diffusion and drift coefficients. This approach is refined by scaling down drifts additionally (compared to diffusion) towards solar maximum. The amount of drifts needed in the model to realistically compute 2.5 GV proton and electron and 1.2GV electron and helium intensities, as measured by Ulysses from 1990 to 2004, is established. It is shown that the model produces the correct latitudinal gradients evident from the observations during both the Ulysses fast latitude scan periods. Also, much can be learned on the magnitude of perpendicular diffusion in the polar direction, K┴θ, especially for solar minimum conditions and for polarity cycles when particles drift in from the poles. For these periods K┴θ = 0.12K║ in the polar regions (with K║ the parallel diffusion coefficient)and K┴θ /K║ can vary between 0.01 to even 0.04 in the equatorial regions depending on the enhancement factor toward the poles. The model is also applied to compute radial gradients for 2.5 GV cosmic ray electrons and protons in the inner heliosphere. It is shown that, for solar minimum, and in the equatorial regions, the protons (electrons) have a radial gradient of 1.9 %/AU (2.9 %/AU), increasing for both species to a very fluctuating gradient varying between 3 to 4 %/AU at solar maximum. Furthermore, the model also computes realistic electron to proton and electron to helium ratios when compared to Ulysses observations, and charge-sign dependent modulation is predicted up to the next solar minimum expected in 2007. Lastly the model is also applied to model simultaneously galactic cosmic ray modulation at Earth and along the Voyager 1 trajectory, and results are compared with> 70 MeV count rates from Voyager 1 and IMP8. To produce realistic modulation, this model gives the magnitude of perpendicular diffusion in the radial direction as K┴r/K║= 0.035 and that the modulation boundary seemed to be situated between at 120 AU and 140 AU. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Physics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

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This thesis is based on the premise that questions about human affairs, including questions about art, need to be considered in the context of our deep history as a species. Darwinian theories of human existence have given scholars in evolutionary psychology the chance to analyze human cognition, emotions, and behaviour by considering the trajectory of our evolution and how that has shaped our current situation. Taking a Darwinian literary approach, this thesis tries to answer one of the main questions about James Joyce’s novel, Ulysses: What is the purpose behind a style that many find so difficult in this novel? In order to answer this question, I explore the adaptive purposes of literature (in general) and stylistic experimentation (in particular). I argue that art can be seen as a form of sexual display where stylistic difficulty and originality are ways of indicating fitness for survival. In this way, both the author and readers of Ulysses spend their time and energy to produce and consume the difficult style of Ulysses because they find pleasure in an activity that is adaptively useful. Furthermore, I suggest that earning social status could have been an evolutionary motive for both the authors and readers of difficult modernist texts, including Ulysses. To support this, I show how gaining social status is part of other sexual ornamentation that handicap the displayer by imposing excessive difficulty in terms of the time and energy needed to put on those displays of fitness. / Graduate / 2018-10-23

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T23:02:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo9493_1.pdf: 9165257 bytes, checksum: 7aa0f08d845fa823997b7308df577aac (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / O presente trabalho investigou a existência e descreveu a fundação de uma Escola pernambucana de Psiquiatria, ou seja, de um conjunto de estudiosos que, trabalhando em conjunto ou separadamente, compartilharam semelhantes preocupações, interesses e objetivos. Examinou seu surgimento, assim como esboçou as principais características e investigou a adequada nomenclatura propondo que seja conhecida como a Escola de Psiquiatria (Social) do Recife (EPR). Situou o psiquiatra e professor Ulysses Pernambucano como seu patrono e grande incentivador. A obra escrita do fundador da Escola foi analisada em pormenores, contextualizando sua produção científica. A atuação de Ulysses Pernambucano nos mais diversos campos do saber também foi objeto de atenção e, deste modo, analisaram-se seus feitos como docente, psicólogo, diretor de instituições, reformador dos serviços de assistência a doentes mentais no estado de Pernambuco, pensador, homem de ação e, sobretudo, como criador de Escola. Estabelecemos os marcos delimitatórios da fundação da Escola de Psiquiatria do Recife (EPR); relatando suas características, princípios e vertentes. Adentramos no percurso que chegou à 1ª sucessão na EPR; nomeando os continuadores da obra do professor Ulysses Pernambucano, tanto na área psiquiátrica sensu strictu como nas áreas correlatas e afins; detendo-se, mais amiúde, sobre algumas das personagens que o sucederam, tais como os psiquiatras e professores Gildo Neto, Arnaldo Di Lascio, Luiz Cerqueira, René Ribeiro, Zaldo Rocha e José Otávio de Freitas Jr., até chegar 10 naquele que viria a assumir a Cátedra de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) em 1953; o professor José Lucena. Sobre este, e a fim de revelar-lhe o papel assumido; demos ênfase a algumas particularidades e caracteres pessoais, por meio de revisão histórica e relato (depoimento) de seus continuadores e discípulos; e, de forma mais detalhada, examinamos sua obra, sua produção científica e o grau de proximidade e vinculação desta com os trabalhos pioneiros de Ulysses Pernambucano, estabelecendo sua filiação, em razão de afinidades de corpo teórico doutrinário, com a EPR. Propôs-se uma nova ordenação da produção científica do professor Lucena, trazendo dados novos como um reagrupamento dos trabalhos analisados, um acréscimo no intuito classificatório e uma atualização do seu valor, à luz da visão psiquiátrica atual. Concluiu-se este estudo com uma análise e interpretação do material estudado, com ênfase no alcance e nas conseqüências de seus resultados, ressalvando que, para tema tão pouco trabalhado como objeto de pesquisa, qualquer consideração conclusiva haveria de ser parcial, em virtude de sua própria natureza e amplitude, embora importante para ensejar novas abordagens sobre o tema

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Esta pesquisa interdisciplinar centrada no segmento da fotografia de acervo de intelectual apresenta o estudo de caso de 84 imagens feitas pelo fotógrafo amador Ulysses Freyre de alguns prédios e ruas das cidades de Olinda e do Recife entre 1923 e 1925. Ulysses fotografou durante passeios de bicicleta aos domingos ao lado do irmão, o sociólogo Gilberto Freyre. Objetiva-se traçar os dois usos dados por Gilberto às fotos de Ulysses: de base aos desenhos de Manoel Bandeira para o \"Livro do Nordeste\", organizado pelo sociólogo em 1925 para o centenário do Diário de Pernambuco; e como parte da concepção de inventário de edificações da arquitetura civil que serviu à Inspetoria de Monumentos Estaduais em 1928 em Pernambuco. Vale-se do campo acerca do circuito fotográfico nestas cidades, que estavam sob reformas urbanas no início do século XX, a fim de situar e revelar a fotografia de Ulysses como artefato de memória propulsor do embrionário projeto político-intelectual de Gilberto neste período. As fotos estão no acervo da Fundação Gilberto Freyre, em Recife, Pernambuco. / This interdisciplinary research focused on the segment of the photographic collection of intellectual presents a case study of 84 images taken by amateur photographer Ulysses Freyre about some buildings and streets of the cities of Olinda and Recife from 1923 to 1925. Ulysses took the photos during trips bicycle on Sundays with his brother, the sociologist Gilberto Freyre. The objective is to trace two uses of their photographs: as a basis for drawings by Manoel Bandeira for the \"Livro do Nordeste\", organized by the sociologist in 1925 on the centenary of the Diario de Pernambuco newspaper and as part of a project of inventory of the civil architecture. These photographs were used by the Historic Superintendence of Monuments in 1928 in Pernambuco. These studies are related to the field of the photographic circuit at these cities in urban transformation in the early twentieth century in order locating and disclosing the Ulysses\' photos as artifact of memory to the political-intellectual embryonic project of Gilberto in the period. The photos are in the collection of Gilberto Freyre Foundation, in Recife, Pernambuco.