This study is concerned with analyzing the ways in which the members of an organization faced with problems of unpredictability and uncertainty, adapt to the situation and achieve some degree of control over it. Chapter 1 describes the organization within which the study was conducted, and also discusses the methodology employed. Chapter 2 reviews the literature pertinent to the problem, both on the spheres of organization theory and medical sociology. Chapter 3 describes the role and mode of adaptation of the physician to the situation. Chapter 4 examines the role of the head nurse and her relations with other ward members. Chapter 4 examines the role of the head nurse and her relations with other ward members. Chapter 5 provides an analysis of the sources of tension and conflict in the ward and the final chapter contains a summery of the previous arguments and a discussion of their pertinence to sociological theory. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

This Master’s thesis deals with standard uncertainity determination for electrical quantities measurement. Next, there are proposals of uncertainity calculation procedures for impedance measurement. Impedance is measured by LCR meter Agilent 4263B. Using the proposed procedures, standard uncertainities are then calculated. Furthermore, there is proposal for an improved laboratory exercise for the MEMT subject, implementing the standard measurement uncertainities calculations.

ABSTRACTThe global retail business is always changing and this change brings new issues in front of us and deserves responsibilities to address these issues. The Textile Retail Business is also experiencing this change as the whole retail textile supply chain has already become globalized with the time especially in terms of sourcing of raw materials and production as well. This phenomenon has raised the questions of threats regarding sustainability and resiliency of the supply chain. Today’s retailers are working closely with these topics in a competition basis to achieve competitive advantages in their supply chain. This dissertation aims to sketch out the possible latent challenges for which the companies prefer to work with a scattered supply chain in terms of different geographical location as it involves lot of time, transportation and business risks. Additionally this scattered supply chain disputes the environmental and resilient approach of the total chain. Moreover, we try to shed light to validate the inter-relation between ecological sustainability and resiliency of the supply chain. Based on the case study on two companies having different sizes but similar values towards environment which are also located in different geographical region, we have tried to find out the answers. Companies build up supply chain firstly evaluating flexibility and resiliency of their own supply chain only by considering the technology availability, quality and pricing involved with the product and then they want to be sustainable and resilient by addressing other issues. The main challenges for the companies to alter their position are the product specific characteristics, availability of knowhow and the suitable process cost involved with product. It has proposed for the companies who are working with numerous supply chains located in different geographical location to do some adjustments among their nearby suppliers for a typical product on experimental basis especially providing technological and logistics support to their suppliers. / Program: Magisterutbildning i Applied Textile Management

abstract: Recent advancements in external memory based neural networks have shown promise in solving tasks that require precise storage and retrieval of past information. Re- searchers have applied these models to a wide range of tasks that have algorithmic properties but have not applied these models to real-world robotic tasks. In this thesis, we present memory-augmented neural networks that synthesize robot navigation policies which a) encode long-term temporal dependencies b) make decisions in partially observed environments and c) quantify the uncertainty inherent in the task. We extract information about the temporal structure of a task via imitation learning from human demonstration and evaluate the performance of the models on control policies for a robot navigation task. Experiments are performed in partially observed environments in both simulation and the real world / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Computer Science 2018

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Soil chemical analysis must be accurate to avoid errors in the recommendations of lime and fertilizers. The quality control program of the ROLAS-RS/SC network evaluates the analysis accuracy by the distance of a result, through standard deviation, from the median of four soil samples analyzed monthly during a year. This way of judgment requires that data sets must have normal distribution to insure that the median can be considered an estimation of the true value. Outliers should be eliminated because they change the standard deviation spreads and consequently, the accuracy. The mathematical procedure of the accuracy calculation may also allow that asterisks attributed to accurate data might be poised by accurate ones. In addition, the cancellation criteria of the asterisks may be at odds with the uncertainty associated with analytical methods. Therefore, the objective of this work was to check the normal distribution of data sets, identify outliers, evaluate procedures of accuracy calculation and quantify analytically the uncertainty associated to the extractions and determination methods of P and K in order to verify how these aspects may affect laboratories accuracy. The Lilliefors test was run to check the normality and outliers were identified through the quartile test. Procedures to evaluate the accuracy by normality adjustment through outliers elimination of data sets were tested. The substitution of the median by the average as criteria of central reference and calculation of accuracy for each attribute analyzed, instead of annual average accuracy was also tested. Repetitions of the analysis of P and K were carried out to determine the intrinsic variability of the methods. Only 59% of data followed normal distribution, indicating that 41% of the attributes analyzed were considered in disaccordance with statical assumptions. When outliers were eliminated of the data sets, analyzes with normal distribution increased up to 75%, which decreased the number of laboratories that had the minimum accuracy required by the laboratories network. When data sets have normal distribution, the use of the average instead of median showed to be better for the estimation of the true value. Data sets out of the analytical expected range should be eliminated, while those framed within it, if amplitude is less than 1,5 interquartile distances, should not be excluded for the calculation of the accuracy. The procedure to calculate annual average accuracy hide attributes less accurate then the minimal the required. The intrinsic variability associated with the methods of analysis indicates that the criteria for the cancellation of asterisks from P should be reassessed, but the criteria for K seem to be appropriate. Studies on the variability of each analytical method are needed. / Os resultados de análises químicas de amostras de solo devem apresentar exatidão satisfatória para que não sejam induzidos erros de recomendação da adubação e calagem. O controle de qualidade dos laboratórios da rede ROLAS-RS/SC avalia a exatidão média anual dos resultados, sendo a mesma estabelecida em função do afastamento em desvios padrão de um resultado em relação à mediana das análise de cada uma das amostras de solo realizadas ao longo do ano. Nesse sistema, é necessário que os dados apresentem distribuição normal para que a mediana seja assumida como estimativa do valor central das amostras de solos, associada à ausência de outliers, pois estes alteram a magnitude do desvio padrão e, consequentemente, a exatidão. O procedimento matemático de cálculo da exatidão média também pode permitir que os asteriscos recebidos em atributos de análise inexatos sejam contrabalanceados pelos atributos exatos. Além disso, os critérios de cancelamento de asteriscos podem estar em desacordo com a incerteza analítica associada aos métodos. Portanto, o objetivo do trabalho foi testar a distribuição normal dos resultados do controle de qualidade da rede ROLAS-RS/SC, identificar a presença de outliers, avaliar o procedimento de cálculo da exatidão e quantificar analiticamente a incerteza associada aos métodos de extração e determinação de P e K para verificar como estes fatores podem afetar a exatidão dos laboratórios. O teste de Lilliefors foi aplicado para avaliar a normalidade e os outliers foram identificados pelo método dos quartis. Procedimentos para avaliar a exatidão pelo ajuste à distribuição normal através da eliminação dos outliers foram testados, além da substituição da mediana pela média e avaliação do procedimento de cálculo da exatidão por atributo de análise das amostras de solo ao invés da exatidão média de todos os atributos. Repetições das análises de P e K foram realizadas para verificar a variabilidade intrínseca dos métodos. Somente 59% dos dados apresentaram distribuição normal, indicando que 41% das análises foram avaliadas em desacordo com os pressupostos estatísticos. A exclusão dos outliers elevou de 59 para 75% o número de análises com distribuição normal, que tornou o método de avaliação mais rígido, uma vez que diminuiu o número de laboratórios com a exatidão mínima exigida de 85%. Em dados com distribuição normal, a média parece melhor estimar o valor verdadeiro que a mediana. Dados sem distribuição normal por ultrapassarem as faixas de trabalho devem ser eliminados, enquanto aqueles enquadrados dentro das faixas de trabalho e que apresentam amplitude inferior a 1,5 vezes a distância interquartílica não devem ser excluídos para o cálculo da exatidão. O procedimento que calcula a exatidão média anual oculta atributos com exatidão inferior ao mínimo preconizado pelo sistema. A variabilidade intrínseca associada aos métodos de análise indica que os critérios de cancelamento de asteriscos do P devem ser reavaliados enquanto os critérios referentes ao K parecem estar adequados, contudo, deve-se aprofundar os es

This Final thesis is focused on analysis of stock markets with more detailed view at S&P 500 index. The goal of market analysis is to reveal possible price bubble in relation to effect of quantitative easing, Federal Reserve Bank policy and behavioural factors. The content of practical part is to evaluate possible significant overvalue of S&P 500 index and possible price bubble of mentioned index.

Computing with Words based Question Answering (CWQA) system provides a foundation to develop futuristic search engines where more of reasoning and less of pattern matching and statistical methods are used for information retrieval. In order to perform successful reasoning, these systems should analyze the semantic of the query and the related information in the Knowledge Base. The concept of Computing with Words (CW) which is a kind of perception based reasoning where manipulation of perceptions using fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic play a key role in recognition, decision and execution processes can be utilized for this purpose. Two concepts that were introduced by Computing with Words are the Generalized Constraint Language (GCL) and the Generalized Theory of Uncertainty (GTU) . In GCL propositions, i.e. perceptions in natural language, are denoted using generalized constraints. The Generalized Theory of Uncertainty (GTU) uses GCL to express proposition drawn from natural language as a generalized constraint. The GCL plays a fundamental role in GTU by serving as a precisiation language for propositions, commands and questions in natural language. In GTU, deduction rules are used to propagate generalized constraints to accomplish reasoning under uncertainty. In the previous work a CW-based QA-system methodology was introduced which uses a knowledge tree data structure, called as a Constraint Propagation Tree (CPT) that utilizes the concepts briefed above. The realization of Constraint Propagation Tree, the first phase, and partial implementation of constraint propagation and node combination, the second phase, is the main goal of this work.

The diploma thesis deals mainly with the issue of calibration laboratories in a manufacutring company and calibration procedures for workshop gauges. The current state of the calibration laboratory in the organization is described in this thesis. Part of the creation of calibration procedures is the determination of measurement uncertainties and creation of a sample calibration sheet as a calibration output.

In this study, various stability control systems are developed to remove the lateral instability of a conventional articulated steer vehicle (ASV) during the oscillatory yaw motion or “snaking mode”. First, to identify the nature of the instability, some analyses are performed using several simplified models. These investigations are mainly focused on analyzing the effects of forward speed and of two main subsystems of the vehicle, the steering system and tires, on the stability. The basic insights into the stability behavior of the vehicle obtained from the stability analyses of the simplified models are verified by conducting some simulations with a virtual prototype of the vehicle in ADAMS. To determine the most critical operating condition with regard to the lateral stability and to identify the effects of vehicle parameters on the stability, various studies are performed by introducing some modifications to the simplified models. Based on these studies, the disturbed straight-line on-highway motion with constant forward speed is recognized as the most critical driving condition. Also, the examinations show that when the vehicle is traveling with differentials locked, the vehicle is less prone to the instability. The examinations show that when the vehicle is carrying a rear-mounted load having interaction with ground, the instability may happen if the vehicle moves on a relatively good off-road surface. Again, the results gained from the analyses related to the effects of the vehicle parameters and operating conditions on the stability are verified using simulations in ADAMS by making some changes in the virtual prototype for any case. To stabilize the vehicle during its most critical driving condition, some studies are directed to indicate the shortcomings of passive methods. Alternative solutions, including design of different types of stability control systems, are proposed to generate a stabilizing yaw moment. The proposed solutions include an active steering system with a classical controller, an active torque vectoring device with a robust full state feedback controller, and a differential braking system with a robust variable structure controller. The robust controllers are designed by using simplified models, which are also used to evaluate the ability to deal with the uncertainties of the vehicle parameters and its variable operating conditions. These controllers are also incorporated into the virtual prototype, and their capabilities to stabilize the vehicle in different operating conditions and while traveling on different surfaces during the snaking mode are shown.

In this study, various stability control systems are developed to remove the lateral instability of a conventional articulated steer vehicle (ASV) during the oscillatory yaw motion or “snaking mode”. First, to identify the nature of the instability, some analyses are performed using several simplified models. These investigations are mainly focused on analyzing the effects of forward speed and of two main subsystems of the vehicle, the steering system and tires, on the stability. The basic insights into the stability behavior of the vehicle obtained from the stability analyses of the simplified models are verified by conducting some simulations with a virtual prototype of the vehicle in ADAMS. To determine the most critical operating condition with regard to the lateral stability and to identify the effects of vehicle parameters on the stability, various studies are performed by introducing some modifications to the simplified models. Based on these studies, the disturbed straight-line on-highway motion with constant forward speed is recognized as the most critical driving condition. Also, the examinations show that when the vehicle is traveling with differentials locked, the vehicle is less prone to the instability. The examinations show that when the vehicle is carrying a rear-mounted load having interaction with ground, the instability may happen if the vehicle moves on a relatively good off-road surface. Again, the results gained from the analyses related to the effects of the vehicle parameters and operating conditions on the stability are verified using simulations in ADAMS by making some changes in the virtual prototype for any case. To stabilize the vehicle during its most critical driving condition, some studies are directed to indicate the shortcomings of passive methods. Alternative solutions, including design of different types of stability control systems, are proposed to generate a stabilizing yaw moment. The proposed solutions include an active steering system with a classical controller, an active torque vectoring device with a robust full state feedback controller, and a differential braking system with a robust variable structure controller. The robust controllers are designed by using simplified models, which are also used to evaluate the ability to deal with the uncertainties of the vehicle parameters and its variable operating conditions. These controllers are also incorporated into the virtual prototype, and their capabilities to stabilize the vehicle in different operating conditions and while traveling on different surfaces during the snaking mode are shown.