Univ., Diss./97--Regensburg, 1996.

Univ., Diss./95--Freiburg (Breisgau), 1994.

acase@tulane.edu / Cross-border cases involving admiralty and bankruptcy law are troublesome because of the fundamentally different natures of the policy objectives of these two private avenues. The current declining shipping market shows the urgent need to address these issues at both a theoretical and practical level. The basic problem considered in this dissertation is what should happen when a ship owner files an insolvency proceeding in one country, while at the same time facing an in rem action against its vessel in another country? In other words, should the in rem action arising in one country be stayed or dismissed because of the existence of insolvency proceedings in another country? This dissertation also discusses the relevant issues regarding the determination of the “center of main interest” of an offshore shipping company and the scope of a debtor’s assets. The author uses a comparative law analysis, selecting four leading shipping countries—Australia, the U.K., the U.S., and Singapore—and examining their approaches to the treatment of maritime claimants. The author also proposes a solution to help eliminate the ambiguity occurred in maritime cross-border insolvency cases under the UNCITRAL Model Law regime, with an eye to enhancing the development of the shipping industry. / 1 / Jingchen Xu

Univ., Diss.--München, 2001.

Le commerce international a connu une expansion remarquable dans le monde depuis quelques décennies. Or, face au caractère inadapté de la justice étatique à résoudre les litiges inhérents à cette activité qui transcende les limites géographiques, il fallait nécessairement concevoir un mode juridictionnel adéquat, qui soit à même de régir ces litiges en vue de respecter l’impératif de célérité, principe gouvernant toutes les relations commerciales. C’est ainsi que l’arbitrage, en tant que mode privé de règlement de certaines catégories de litiges par un tribunal arbitral auquel les parties confient la mission de les juger, en vertu d’une convention d’arbitrage, a posé un jalon significatif, en se manifestant comme le mode normal de règlement des litiges inhérents au commerce international. Et c’est précisément la prééminence de l’arbitrage en la matière qui a fait qu’une grande importance a été accordée à sa réglementation juridique par les Nations Unies. Dans ce cadre, la Commission des Nations Unies pour le Droit Commercial International (CNUDCI) fut investie de la mission d’élaborer une loi-type pour l’arbitrage commercial international, qui puisse représenter un mode souple d’harmonisation internationale du Droit de l’arbitrage. Cette loi a vu le jour en 1985 et fut amendée en 2006. L’objectif de cette thèse consiste à déterminer la portée précise de la contribution de la loi-type de la CNUDCI à la mondialisation du Droit de l’arbitrage et à proposer des perspectives d’évolution pour ladite loi en vue d’une mondialisation plus efficiente du Droit de l’arbitrage. / International trade has grown remarkably around the world in recent decades. This has led to an exponential increase in the number of disputes duly established in this field. However, due to the inadequacy of State justice to resolve the disputes inherent to this activity which transcends geographical boundaries, it was necessary to devise an adequate means of dispute resolution capable of regulating these disputes while respecting the imperative of celerity which represents a principle governing all commercial relations. Thus arbitration, as a private means of resolution of certain categories of disputes by an arbitral tribunal to which the parties entrust the task of judging them by virtue of an arbitration agreement, has set a significant milestone, by manifesting itself as the regular mode of settlement of disputes inherent to international trade. And it is precisely the pre-eminence of arbitration in this area that has led the United Nations to give a great importance to its legal regulation. In this context, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) was entrusted with the task of elaborating a Model Law on international commercial arbitration, which would represent a flexible mode of international harmonization inherent to arbitration Law. This law came into being in 1985 and was amended in 2006. The aim of this thesis lies in determining the precise scope of the contribution of UNCITRAL model law to the globalization of arbitration Law and to propose prospects of evolution to the above mentionned law, which may lead to a more efficient globalization of arbitration Law.

The main aim of this thesis is to explain the substance and function of intervention of the national courts in international commercial arbitration, explanation of its necessity and notice of possible danger connected to it. Besides describing all the principal situations when national courts usually participate in the proceedings, the attention is also given to concrete legislations and fundamental differences between them. The main focus is on Revised UNCITRAL Model Law of December 2006, which influenced the significant part of national legislations. Limitedly the thesis also deals with legislations and case-law of the United States of America, Great Britain, France and Germany. There is also clarified the specifics of the Czech national legislation at the end of the chapters. The thesis is divided into two logical units. At the beginning of the first part you can find an introduction to international commercial arbitration in the form of a brief historical excursus, an explanation of differences between the court proceedings and arbitration, a description of particular kinds of arbitration and an enumeration of both Czech and international sources of law. The main part of this chapter is formed by a general specification of fundamental principles and terms related to international arbitration. The second...

A arbitragem é um instituto previsto no direito brasileiro que consiste num método de solução de conflitos alternativo ao Poder Judiciário. Quando as duas partes concordam, procuram uma instituição especializado para que a controvérsia seja solucionada por meio da decisão de um ou mais árbitros. Desde 1996 com a aprovação da Lei da Arbitragem o laudo arbitral apresenta a validade de uma sentença judicial regular, devendo igualmente ser cumprido. Essa incorporação do instituto no Brasil está inserida no movimento transnacional de reforma dos sistemas de justiça nacionais visando adaptá-los ao mercado em expansão da arbitragem internacional. Inspirado em vários instrumentos internacionais, principalmente na Lei Modelo da Comissão das Nações Unidas para o Comércio Internacional (UNCITRAL), o método também permite a integração do país no esforço mais amplo de harmonização do direito entre os países. O principal objetivo desta tese é, assim, analisar esse processo de transplante da arbitragem ao contexto jurídico brasileiro. Para isso, inicialmente reconstitui o surgimento das mais importantes instituições da arbitragem comercial internacional e, em seguida, investiga a assimilação local deste instituto. Este último processo é analisado à luz da mobilização que resultou na aprovação da legislação em 1996, bem como da abordagem do funcionamento da arbitragem atualmente. O argumento destaca a participação fundamental dos intermediários para o sucesso da operação de mediação entre instâncias globais e locais. O trabalho finaliza com uma reflexão acerca do encaixe estrutural da arbitragem no campo do direito nacional. / Arbitration is an alternative dispute resolution mechanism allowed by the Brazilian law. When both parties agree about it, they search for an specialized institution that will delegate the resolution of the conflict to one or more arbitrators. Passage of Brazils 1996 Arbitration Act recognized the validity of decisions reached by arbitrators. The incorporation of arbitration in the country happens as part of an international movement to reform local justice systems adapting them to the growth of the commercial arbitration market. Brazil\'s law was inspired by various international instruments, including the UNCITRAL (United Nations Commission on International Trade Law) Model Law and can be considered part of a broader effort to homogenize law across countries. The main goal of this dissertation is, thus, to analyze the arbitration transplant to the Brazilian legal context. To do so, it first explores the emergence of the main institutions of international commercial arbitration and then it investigates its local assimilation. This process is analyzed through the mobilization that resulted in the approval of the law in 1996 and also through the exploration of the way by which arbitration operates today. The argument emphasizes the role of the gatekeepers in intermediating the local and the global. This work finishes with a reflection about the structural fitting of arbitration in the local judicial field.

A arbitragem é um instituto previsto no direito brasileiro que consiste num método de solução de conflitos alternativo ao Poder Judiciário. Quando as duas partes concordam, procuram uma instituição especializado para que a controvérsia seja solucionada por meio da decisão de um ou mais árbitros. Desde 1996 com a aprovação da Lei da Arbitragem o laudo arbitral apresenta a validade de uma sentença judicial regular, devendo igualmente ser cumprido. Essa incorporação do instituto no Brasil está inserida no movimento transnacional de reforma dos sistemas de justiça nacionais visando adaptá-los ao mercado em expansão da arbitragem internacional. Inspirado em vários instrumentos internacionais, principalmente na Lei Modelo da Comissão das Nações Unidas para o Comércio Internacional (UNCITRAL), o método também permite a integração do país no esforço mais amplo de harmonização do direito entre os países. O principal objetivo desta tese é, assim, analisar esse processo de transplante da arbitragem ao contexto jurídico brasileiro. Para isso, inicialmente reconstitui o surgimento das mais importantes instituições da arbitragem comercial internacional e, em seguida, investiga a assimilação local deste instituto. Este último processo é analisado à luz da mobilização que resultou na aprovação da legislação em 1996, bem como da abordagem do funcionamento da arbitragem atualmente. O argumento destaca a participação fundamental dos intermediários para o sucesso da operação de mediação entre instâncias globais e locais. O trabalho finaliza com uma reflexão acerca do encaixe estrutural da arbitragem no campo do direito nacional. / Arbitration is an alternative dispute resolution mechanism allowed by the Brazilian law. When both parties agree about it, they search for an specialized institution that will delegate the resolution of the conflict to one or more arbitrators. Passage of Brazils 1996 Arbitration Act recognized the validity of decisions reached by arbitrators. The incorporation of arbitration in the country happens as part of an international movement to reform local justice systems adapting them to the growth of the commercial arbitration market. Brazil\'s law was inspired by various international instruments, including the UNCITRAL (United Nations Commission on International Trade Law) Model Law and can be considered part of a broader effort to homogenize law across countries. The main goal of this dissertation is, thus, to analyze the arbitration transplant to the Brazilian legal context. To do so, it first explores the emergence of the main institutions of international commercial arbitration and then it investigates its local assimilation. This process is analyzed through the mobilization that resulted in the approval of the law in 1996 and also through the exploration of the way by which arbitration operates today. The argument emphasizes the role of the gatekeepers in intermediating the local and the global. This work finishes with a reflection about the structural fitting of arbitration in the local judicial field.

v angličtině: International commercial arbitration is a type of arbitration that is on the rise. It should be in the interest of every state to provide favourable conditions for holding an international commercial arbitration on its territory. It brings not only international recognition and improves competitiveness and; the holding of an arbitration on a territory of a given states also brings new financial resources. One of the ways how to provide favourable conditions is the adoption of the UNCITRAL Model Law. Above all, it brings legal certainty and easy orientation to foreign entities that are not familiar with national arbitration laws. The adoption of the UNCITRAL Model Law by the Czech Republic would be a step towards more favourable conditions for international commercial arbitration and would bring the aforementioned advantages.

No description available.