An attempt was made to determine empirically the structure of self-disclosure. Based on the literature, a list of statements relating to the rating of self-disclosure was assembled. This list was condensed into dimensions by two evaluators, working independently. The dimensions were then used to score transcripts of male undergraduate students' verbal self-disclosures. Factor analyses of these scores produced four factors relating to self-focus, intimacy or depth, risk taking, and amount. A tentative fifth factor, intimacy value of disclosure topic, was also found. Regression analysis of dimensions on the Doster (1971) Disclosure Rating Scale produced three tentative scales for measuring self-disclosure. The first scale utilized stepwise regression of all dimensions, the second used stepwise regression of mechanical dimensions, and the third regression used composite scales representing the factors of the orthogonal factor analysis. For each scale, only three dimensions were included in the regression equation.

Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych) / Despite the increase in South African trauma studies over the years, few studies focus on distinct groups, such the group represented by students with disabilities (SWD) - 1% of the total student population at universities. Recent studies established widespread exposure to trauma amongst the general student population. This study investigated exposure to trauma amongst SWD and the role of fortitude in psychological outcomes. Fortitude is defined as the ability to manage stress well and to remain emotionally steady. The objectives of this study included: i) assessing the prevalence of exposure to trauma amongst SWD; ii) investigating the association between such exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); iii) investigating the role of fortitude in this association; and iv) identifying demographic correlation concerning exposure to trauma and PTSD.

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Computer Science students need to understand the mechanism of programming systems that involve computation, automation, and information. Computer scientists need to know how to design and analyze a problem and solve it with an algorithm. We study students' behaviors in CS education to find out patterns of those who need help. Several behaviors are examined: Time Management, Incremental development, Self-checking, Persistence, and Planning. Help-seeking, when done correctly, is known as a good strategy related to self-regulated learning. This behavior includes online searching, coming to office hours for help from instructional staff, and asking instructors and peers publicly on online forums. Some of these sources of help can be tracked more easily than others. We present efforts to collect and analyze data related to the help-seeking behavior of students in a second-semester programming course. The goal of this work is to establish mechanisms that will permit us to collect sufficient data from a variety of sources so that we can determine what help-seeking behavior patterns are associated with successful course outcomes. Our current data collection efforts are tied in part to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused courses to be taught online during our data collection period that normally would be taught face-to-face. Data includes logs of viewing or posting questions to the online forum system Piazza, office hour visit logs, Zoom logs, and grades from the Canvas LMS. We present initial analysis such as comparing course grades with the number of times students received help from instructional staff both in office hours and online forum Piazza. / Master of Science / Computer Science students need to understand the mechanism of programming systems that involve computation, automation, and information. Computer scientists need to know how to design and analyze a problem and solve it with an algorithm. We study students' behaviors in CS education to find out patterns of those who need help. Several behaviors are examined: Time Management, Incremental development, Self-checking, Persistence, and Planning. Help-seeking, when done correctly, is known as a good strategy related to self-regulated learning. This behavior includes online searching, coming to office hours for help from instructional staff, and asking instructors and peers publicly on online forums. Some of these sources of help can be tracked more easily than others. We present efforts to collect and analyze data related to the help-seeking behavior of students in a second-semester programming course. The goal of this work is to establish mechanisms that will permit us to collect sufficient data from a variety of sources so that we can determine what help-seeking behavior patterns are associated with successful course outcomes. Our current data collection efforts are tied in part to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused courses to be taught online during our data collection period that normally would be taught face-to-face. Data includes logs of viewing or posting questions to the online forum system Piazza, office hour visit logs, Zoom logs, and grades from the Canvas LMS. We present initial analysis such as comparing course grades with the number of times students received help from instructional staff both in office hours and online forum Piazza.

Feedback has long been used and studied in medical education. To acknowledge the complexity of the feedback process, the term feedback literacy has been introduced into the medical education literature. This thesis attempted to explore feedback literacy in the undergraduate medical education context by aggregating a comprehensive body of evidence and using different research methodologies. It focused on providing a more complete understanding of feedback literacy, identifying factors and learning strategies that could improve medical students’ feedback literacy skills, and direct further research on this topic. Results showed that little is known on how to teach feedback literacy and educational interventions to increase students’ feedback literacy skills are still not well established. When exploring factors that could improve students’ feedback literacy skills, this thesis’ results identified that being more intrinsically goal oriented, having strong self-regulated learning traits, and seeking help when needed were positively associated to having better feedback literacy skills. Strategies that students could use to improve their own feedback literacy included self-reflection about the feedback received and how to be more proactive in the feedback process, take small steps when applying the feedback received, and actively discuss the feedback with the giver. Additionally, self-reflections on ones’ motivational beliefs and interests, combined with actions such as creating and implementing strategies to manage motivations, could help students to adjust their learning goal orientation and, consequently, improve their feedback literacy skills. Students should encourage themselves to regulate their learning in the areas of planning, monitoring, and making adjustments in learning strategies to adapt to new situations whenever needed. Lastly, students should seek assistance from others by bringing concerns up, asking questions, and asking clarifications about the feedback received. Taken together, the findings of this thesis support students’ empowerment in the feedback process to help them to make the most of their feedback opportunities in medical school. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Stress är vanligt förekommande hos studenter. Tidigare forskning har visat att self-efficacy reducerar stress och self-handicapping. Syftet med studien var att undersöka sambandet mellan akademisk self- efficacy, self-handicapping och upplevd stress samt vilka variabler som förklarar mest variation i upplevd stress. Deltagarna var 156 studerande, varav 24 män, på en högskola i Mellansverige. Deltagarna besvarade en enkät bestående av Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), College Academic Self-efficacy Scale (CASES) samt Self- handicapping Scale (SHS). Resultaten visade att akademisk self- efficacy hade ett negativt samband med stress och self-handicapping. Däremot hade self-handicapping ett positivt samband med stress. En hierarkisk regression visade att både akademisk self-efficacy och self- handicapping förklarade signifikant variation i upplevd stress och att det var akademisk self-efficacy som bidrog mest. Studien bidrar med kunskap om studenternas situation och för framtida forskning skulle det vara intressant att göra interventionsstudier med fokus på att höja akademisk self-efficacy hos studenter.

Magister Curationis - MCur / Studies have indicated that the global population of older people will reach 1.53 billion by 2050. The ageing population is a large consumer of health-care services and this remains a global concern due to the impact on existing health care systems. To have an adequately prepared workforce, nurses must have enough knowledge and skills to care for older people and positive attitudes toward them. This is because nurses’ attitudes towards older people might influence the quality of care they provide. Studies have documented nurses’ reluctance to care to work with older people, but little is known about the attitudes and knowledge of nursing students towards caring for older people in South Africa. The aim of this study was to examine undergraduate nursing students’ knowledge about ageing and their attitudes towards caring for older people. A quantitative descriptive survey, utilizing a self-administered questionnaire was used. A pre-tested self-report questionnaire was used to collect the data from a stratified sample of 240 nursing students across 5 levels of Bachelor of Nursing programme, from the foundation year to the 4th year.. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. The response rate was 100%. The findings showed that the first- and second-year students had minimal clinical exposure to older people while the third and fourth year had extensive contact with patients in clinical and other health settings. The students had an average level of knowledge with a generally positive attitude towards older people, though significant differences were found between the year levels. Just over half of the respondents reported that they intend to work with older people after graduation. The study recommended the improved training of nursing students in caring for older people.

The purpose of the present study is (1) to describe the North Texas State University organizational climate as perceived by undergraduate-and graduate-level students, (2) to compare their perceptions of institutional characteristics with students in other (norm group) universities throughout the nation, (3) to compare selected nominal subgroup data of the undergraduate-graduate student population in regard to their perception of the organizational climate, and (4) to provide sound information that is of use to administrative , faculty, and staff personnel that are interested in efficient and effective utilization of university manpower in order to facilitate the educational experiences that undergraduate-and graduate-level students receive during their tenure at the university.

<p>Back pain has been reported to be the most common type of discomfort in all occupational groups. Studies have shown that dentists experience more neck, shoulder and back pain than practitioners in other occupational groups. This has caused an increase of social and economic costs of healthcare and increased frequency of sickness absenteeism in Western countries. About 72% of dentists experience back pain according to studies done in Western countries thus showing a very high prevalence among dentist. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of back pain among dentistry undergraduate students. As there have been reports of high prevalence of back pain among dentistry students in<br /> Western countries.</p>

This thesis is about the effects of online game addiction on both Swedish and Chinese undergraduate students at University of Gävle, Sweden. It aims at investigating the impact that online games have on undergraduate students at University of Gävle, Sweden. As most of the previous researchers in this area conducted a quantitative research, we decided to do a qualitative research which can help us to get a deeper and better understanding of online game addiction.