The continuous population growth and the notable development of the mining industry have resulted in challenges for potable water supply in South Africa. The ever-increasing number of people migrating to urban areas has resulted in the demand of potable water supply in South Africa. Water is regarded as a human basic right which is promulgated by the recent amendment of the potable water service provisioning Water Services Act 108 of 1997 and the National Water Act 36 of 1998. The afore-mentioned Acts started a process to address the imbalance that existed during the apartheid regime. (The apartheid regime essentially had one objective initially, namely the control of (black, coloured and Indian) people in order to protect white privilege). It was meant to separate people of different races).The Acts were formulated to address the equal distribution of national resource for all South Africans. Mogwase Township in Moses Kotane Local Municipality is undergoing continuous growth with several mining areas being developed. Consequently, the supply of potable water has been a challenge in the area. It is, therefore, in the interest of the researcher to investigate the management of potable water supply in Mogwase Township with the aim of suggesting improved service delivery by the Moses Kotane Local Municipality. Water is now recognised as a scarce resource that belongs to all South Africans. The provision of potable water by the water services authorities (WSAs) is an important basic service that faces a number of challenges, such as the use of outdated infrastructure, namely: pipelines from the Vaalkop Dam, the lack of skilled and knowledgeable people, improper planning, and the booming population that place overt pressure on the demand for effective and efficient service delivery. This research was undertaken to investigate how Moses Kotane Local Municipality which obtains its potable water supply from Vaalkop Dam can improve the supply of water in a more effective, efficient, equitable, economic and sustainable manner through improved co-operative governance and integrated water resource management (IWRM). The qualitative and quantitative research designs were used to conduct the research, which included a literature review, semi-structured interviews, data sampling and scientific analysis of the responses. The researcher arrived at logical conclusions and S.M.A.R.T. (Simple, Measureable, and Achievable Realistic Timebound) recommendations with regard to all aspects related to the future management of potable water supply in Mogwase Township. / MA (Development and Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

The continuous population growth and the notable development of the mining industry have resulted in challenges for potable water supply in South Africa. The ever-increasing number of people migrating to urban areas has resulted in the demand of potable water supply in South Africa. Water is regarded as a human basic right which is promulgated by the recent amendment of the potable water service provisioning Water Services Act 108 of 1997 and the National Water Act 36 of 1998. The afore-mentioned Acts started a process to address the imbalance that existed during the apartheid regime. (The apartheid regime essentially had one objective initially, namely the control of (black, coloured and Indian) people in order to protect white privilege). It was meant to separate people of different races).The Acts were formulated to address the equal distribution of national resource for all South Africans. Mogwase Township in Moses Kotane Local Municipality is undergoing continuous growth with several mining areas being developed. Consequently, the supply of potable water has been a challenge in the area. It is, therefore, in the interest of the researcher to investigate the management of potable water supply in Mogwase Township with the aim of suggesting improved service delivery by the Moses Kotane Local Municipality. Water is now recognised as a scarce resource that belongs to all South Africans. The provision of potable water by the water services authorities (WSAs) is an important basic service that faces a number of challenges, such as the use of outdated infrastructure, namely: pipelines from the Vaalkop Dam, the lack of skilled and knowledgeable people, improper planning, and the booming population that place overt pressure on the demand for effective and efficient service delivery. This research was undertaken to investigate how Moses Kotane Local Municipality which obtains its potable water supply from Vaalkop Dam can improve the supply of water in a more effective, efficient, equitable, economic and sustainable manner through improved co-operative governance and integrated water resource management (IWRM). The qualitative and quantitative research designs were used to conduct the research, which included a literature review, semi-structured interviews, data sampling and scientific analysis of the responses. The researcher arrived at logical conclusions and S.M.A.R.T. (Simple, Measureable, and Achievable Realistic Timebound) recommendations with regard to all aspects related to the future management of potable water supply in Mogwase Township. / MA (Development and Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

This research deals with organisation culture in the Chemical Industry, with specific reference to the culture in Gas Production. In the literature survey, the concept 'organisation culture' is studied theoretically from the perspective of Burke and Litwin. Theoretically, differences may occur between the current and desired organisation culture, between divisions and between levels of authority. The conclusion is drawn that culture change involves the whole organisation. In the empirical investigation, the Organisation Culture Index is applied to 36 employees at management level and 138 at employee level. The empirical findings show that there are significant differences. The empirical findings therefore support the theoretical findings that a single culture does not always exist in an organisation. This research also confirms that the culture in this organisation may not be appropriate for the present era. / Hierdie navorsing ondersoek organisasiekultuur in die Chemiese Bedryf, met spesifieke verwysing na die kultuur in Gasproduksie. In die literatuuroorsig word die konsep "organisasiekultuur" teoreties vanuit Burke en Litwin se perspektief beskou. Teoreties kan verskille in organisasiekultuur tussen die huidige en die verlangde organisasiekultuur, tussen afdelings en tussen gesagsvlakke voorkom. Die afleiding word gemaak dat kultuurverandering die totale organisasie betrek. In die empiriese ondersoek word die Organisasiekultuurindeks op 36 werknemers van die bestuursgroep en 138 van die werknemersgroep toegepas. Uit die empiriese bevindinge blyk dit dat daar betekenisvolle verskille in organisasiekultuur voorkom. Die empiriese bevindinge steun die teoretiese bevindinge dat daar nie altyd sprake is van 'n enkele kultuur in 'n organisasie nie. Daar word ook vasgestel dat hierdie organisasie se organisasiekultuur nie toespaslik is vir die huidige era nie. / Industrial & Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

The birth of a non-racial democracy in South Africa brought many challenges such as the supply of potable water to all societies irrespective of their colour or even location. Migration of people from rural to urban has increased the demand of potable water supply in many areas that were previously neglected by the former Apartheid regime. The increase of the human population in urban or developing areas of South Africa will therefore imply that various public services such as potable water supply, proper housing, electricity supply, schooling and basic health facilities should be provided in an efficient, effective and economic manner. As the resident of Khuma Township, the researcher has a keen interest in the management of potable water supply in this area, inter alia, the nature and extent of the physical environment and the efficiency and effectiveness of a potable water supply as a means of improving service delivery by the Matlosana Local Municipality to Khuma Township. The area has the history of gold mining and the majority of the people from other rural areas and neighbouring states moved into this area and were later joined by their families. This resulted in an increase in the population to a point where people were placed in dangerous areas such as underlying dolomite and along the Koekemoer spruit. For example, extension 6 is known to experience sinkholes due to underground mining activities and the underline dolomite rock. The population has increased in Khuma Township to such an extent that a shortage of potable water supply is been experienced. Khuma Township had one water reservoir for the past 40 years and Matlosana Local Municipality did not improve or developed infrastructure related to potable water supply to be able to cater for the increasing population of this area. An empirical study was conducted in among the residents of Khuma Township, Matlosana Local Municipality and role-players in the management of potable water supply. From this study, it was evident that the supply of potable water in Khuma Township is insufficient, and there was poor communication, cooperation and participation between Matlosana Local Municipality and the residents of Khuma Township. The ineffective management of potable water supply in Khuma Township by the Matlosana Local Municipality as well as ignoring the significance of settling people in a safe area that is free from water pollution, sinkholes and underlying dolomite rock left a lot to be desired. The researcher arrived at logical conclusions and recommendations with regard to all aspects related to future management of potable water supply in Khuma Township. / M Development and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Problembakgrund och problemdiskussion: Som följd av samhällets ökade medvetenhet avseende hållbarhet står näringslivet inför utmaningar av att möta de förändrade förhållandena, som externa och interna drivkrafter bidragit till, för att bibehålla en etablerad marknadsposition. Dessa utmaningar reflekteras även i företags förmågor att inkludera hållbarhet inom verksamhetsstyrningens komponenter, vilket ramverk som “Sustainability Control System as a Package” ämnar att underlätta. Däremot varierar beslutet av att inkludera hållbarhet inom verksamheter och dess styrning utifrån olika motiv, vilka förklaras som kognitiva, normativa och regulativa fundament. Hur dessa fundament påverkar den hållbara verksamhetsstyrningen har inte tidigare tagits till hänsyn vid forskning, vilket följande studie ämnar att göra.   Metod: Den kvalitativa studien har utförts som en flerfallstudie där semistrukturerade intervjuer från fallföretag, som representerat de tre kognitiva, normativa och regulativa fundamenten, utgjort grunden för studiens empiriska materialinsamling. Detta för att gentemot den teoretiska referensramen kunna urskilja mönster för hur hållbara element genomsyrar respektive verksamhetsstyrning.   Syfte: Syftet med följande studie är att bidra med analyser och förklaringar över hur företags kognitiva, normativa och regulativa fundament genomsyrar den hållbara verksamhetsstyrningen. Detta för att sedan kunna urskilja varför verksamhetsstyrningen är utformad på ett visst sätt, med utgångspunkt i “Sustainability Control System as a Package”.   Slutsats: Utifrån studien anses företags hållbara verksamhetsstyrning utformas olika utifrån de fundament som grundat vilka samt till vilken grad hållbara aspekter prioriteras. För verksamheter som drivs utifrån kognitiva fundament genomsyrar deras hållbarhetsarbete verksamhetsstyrningen med grund i ett företags affärskoncept och influerar främst informella styrsätt som kulturen, värderingar, en transparent och tvärfunktionell kommunikation samt en allokerad ansvarsfördelning, vilket understöttas av ett antal formella styrmedel. För företag med normativa fundament genomsyrar hållbarhet verksamheten som en utav flera delar av det grundläggande affärskonceptet via den överordnade strategin. Formella styrsätt som tydliga strategier och målsättningar, uppföljning av dessa samt tydlig arbetsfördelning, influerar verksamhetsstyrningen för att strukturerat samordna hållbarhet med de övriga affärskonceptens områden. Företag med regulativa fundament bibehåller det grundläggande affärskoncept, där hållbarhet istället genomsyrar verksamhetsstyrningens komponenter direkt med övervägande formella styrsätt, främst målsättningar och riktlinjer, för att strukturerat etablera och upprätthålla ett accepterat hållbarhetsarbete utifrån lagar och externa krav. / Background and Problem: As a consequence from the society's increased sustainability awareness, companies face challenges of meeting the changed conditions, which external and internal incentives have contributed to, in order to attain an established market position. These challenges also reflect the constitution of the management control system, which frameworks like the “Sustainability Control System as a Package” intends to facilitate. However, the choice of including sustainability within companies and their management control varies between different motives, which are described as cognitive, normative and regulatory reasons. How these underlying reasons affect the sustainable management control haven’t been researched before, which is the aim of this study.                                                                  Method: The qualitative study has been made by a multiple case study on companies, that represents the three cognitive, normative and regulative underlying reasons, using semi structured interviews which has constructed the basis for the empirical data collection. This has been compared to the theoretical framework in order to distinguish patterns of how sustainability permeate each management control system. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to contribute with an analysis and explanations of how a company’s regulatory, normative or cognitive underlying reason permeate its sustainable management control system. This will be made in order to distinguish why the management control is constructed in a certain way, by using the framework “Sustainability Control System as a Package”.   Conclusion: Based on the made study, companies sustainable management control is considered to be constructed based on what underlying reasons that have formed which, and how much, sustainable elements are prioritized. Companies who are driven by cognitive reasons permeate their business with sustainable elements by making sustainability their business concept. Mostly the informal control systems like culture, values, a transparent and cross functional communication as well as an allocated responsibility have been affected, which are supported by a number of formal control systems. Companies who have normative reasons permeate their business with sustainability by making it as one of several parts in their business concept, through their overall strategy. Formal control systems like distinctive strategies and goals, performance measurements and a clear division of responsibility are being used as a way to coordinate the sustainability in a structured way, to facilitate with the other parts of the business concept. On the contrary, companies who have regulative reasons keep their already established fundamental business concept, where sustainability directly permeate the different components of their management control system. Formal control systems, mainly goals and policies, are used, in order to create and keep a structured sustainability implementation according to laws and external demands.

Whilst there are numerous studies on young people’s engagement in academic study, the internal relationship between young people and academic study is still unclear. This thesis seeks to explain the relation of young people to their academic study, in the context of Brunei Darussalam, through analysing young people’s motive hierarchy. The research is based on the understanding that young people are faced with multiple contradicting demands from the society, which evolve with their developmental age. The contradicting demands generate conflicts for young people as they participate across the different institutional practices in their everyday lives. The research entailed a semi-participatory research approach, which emphasised young people’s lived experiences, from a first-person perspective. Eight (8) young people aged 16-18 years who are studying for their GCE A Level examinations, played roles as both trained Student Researchers, as well as participants in this research. Data were collected from focus group discussions, annotated photo albums (MyAlbum) and a ‘participant self-generated’ questionnaire (MyQuestionnaire). The focus of the data collection was on the young people’s experiences of conflicts with respect to their academic study and the different agendas in their everyday lives. Intermediary tools were developed to focus the data analysis to identify motive-orientations and their relative importance in the construct of the motive hierarchy of a young person. An initial general model of motive hierarchy was developed from this study too. It is a societal demand for young people in late adolescence to be vocational and career oriented. However this study shows the eight (8) young people are also oriented towards other objects, apart from being future oriented. They can still have a dominant motive-orientation towards intimate personal relations, which usually prevails for early adolescence. Two other motive-orientations have also emerged from this study, i.e. the societal value system and self-comfort related. These different motive-orientations of the young people contradict the societal demands and create conflicts for the young people as they participate in and across the practices. These findings are important in informing intervention programmes to improve young people’s engagement in academic study.

Dans divers domaines de la physique, certains phénomènes sont modélisés par des systèmes hyperboliques non-conservatifs. En particulier, dans le domaine de la physique des plasmas, dont l'un des champs d'application majeur est la Fusion par Confinement Inertiel, le système d'Euler bi-température, modélisant les phénomènes de transport de particules chargées, en est un exemple. La difficulté de l'étude de ces systèmes réside dans la présence de termes non-conservatifs, qui empêchent la définition classique des solutions faibles. Pour parvenir à une définition de ce type de solutions, on a recours à l'emploi de systèmes cinétiques sous-jacents. Dans ce manuscrit, on s'intéresse à l'étude numérique de ces systèmes cinétiques pour la résolution du système d'Euler bi-température.Ce manuscrit se divise en deux parties. La première partie contient l'étude numérique du système d'Euler bi-température. Dans un premier chapitre, on résout numériquement les équations en dimension 1 d'espace par le biais d'un système sous-jacent issu de la physique des plasmas: le système de Vlasov-BGK-Ampère. On présente une méthode numérique préservant l'asymptotique pour ce système sous-jacent et on montre, par des simulations numériques, que le schéma limite obtenu donne des résultats consistants avec Euler bi-température. Dans un second chapitre, on résout le même modèle en dimension 2 d'espace par un système sous-jacent de type BGK discret. On démontre une inégalité d'entropie pour les solutions issues du modèle sous-jacent, ainsi qu'une inégalité discrète de dissipation d'entropie pour le schéma.Dans la deuxième partie de ce manuscrit, on s'intéresse au développement de méthodes numériques pour quelques modèles cinétiques. On considère ici le cas des écoulements raréfiés de mélanges de gaz, dans l'optique d'une application aux cas des plasmas. Premièrement, on présente un schéma cinétique adaptatif et dynamique en vitesse pour les gaz inertes. Par l'emploi de lois de conservation discrètes, la solution est approchée sur un ensemble de vitesses discrètes local et dynamique. Dans un second temps, on propose une extension de cette méthode visant à améliorer les performances de celle-ci. Puis, ces deux versions de la méthode sont comparées à la méthode classique sur grille fixe uniforme sur une série de cas tests.Enfin, dans le dernier chapitre, on propose une méthode numérique pour la résolution d'une extension de ces équations, prenant en compte la présence de réactions chimiques au sein du mélange. Le contexte considéré est celui des réactions chimiques bi-moléculaires réversibles lentes. La méthode proposée, de type implicite-explicite, est linéaire, stable et conservative. / In various domains of physics, several phenomena can be modeled via the use of nonconservative hyperbolic systems. In particular, in plasma physics, in the process of developping and understanding the phenomena leading to Inertial Confinement Fusion, the bi-temperature Euler sytem can be used to model particle transport phenomena in a plasma. The difficulty of the mathematical study of such systems dwells in the presence of so-called non-conservative products, which prevent the classical definition of weak solutions via distribution theory. To attempt to define these quantities, it is useful to supplement the hyperbolic system with an underlying kinetic model. In this work, the objective is the numerical study of such kinetic systems in order to solve the bi-temperature Euler system.This manuscript is split in two parts. The first one contains the study of the bi-temperature Euler system. In the first chapter, this system in dimension 1 is solved by the use of an underlying kinetic model sprung from plasma physics: the Vlasov-BGK-Ampère system. An asymptotic-preserving numerical method is introduced, and it is shown that the scheme obtained in the limit is consistant with a scheme for teh bi-temperature Euler system. In the following chapter, the same hyperbolic model in dimension 2 is studied, this time via a discrete-BGK type underlying model. An entropy inequality is proved for solutions coming from the kinetic model, as well as a discrete entropy dissipation inequality.In the second part of the manuscript, we are interested in the development of numerical schemes for gas mixture rarefied flows. Firstly, an adaptive kinetic scheme is introduced for inert gas mixtures. By the use of discrete conservation laws, the solution is approximated on a set of discrete velocities that depends on space, time and species. Secondly, an extension of the method is proposed in order to improve the efficiency of the first method. Finally, the two methods are compared to the classical fixed grid method on a series of test cases.In the last chapter, a numerical method is proposed for rarefied flows of reacting mixtures. The setting considered is the case of slow bimolecular reversible chemical reactions. The method introduced is an explicit-implicit treatment of the relaxation operator, which is shown to be stable, linear and conservative.

This paper attempts to evaluate a dotcom start-up company and a professional young basketball player using Real Option Analysis in the investors’ points of view. That is, we are standing in the financers’ shoes and valuing both cases if they are worth investing in. We believe that real option analysis is the most appropriate valuation method from our current knowledge compared to other traditional valuation methods notably like the Net Present Value (NPV), therefore we try to prove that using both qualitative and quantitative descriptions. The authors concentrate more on applying quantitative methods than giving detailed definitions of real options. Binomial Pricing Model and Monte Carlo simulation with the help of MS Excel and MATLAB were used in the evaluation. The paper consists of two case studies, each tackled differently but both summarized up all together. The paper concludes with a table exhibiting when real options are valuable and a belief that game theory is essential in ROA. / Matlab Codes and Simulation&Binary Tree Model(Excel)

The birth of a non-racial democracy in South Africa brought many challenges such as the supply of potable water to all societies irrespective of their colour or even location. Migration of people from rural to urban has increased the demand of potable water supply in many areas that were previously neglected by the former Apartheid regime. The increase of the human population in urban or developing areas of South Africa will therefore imply that various public services such as potable water supply, proper housing, electricity supply, schooling and basic health facilities should be provided in an efficient, effective and economic manner. As the resident of Khuma Township, the researcher has a keen interest in the management of potable water supply in this area, inter alia, the nature and extent of the physical environment and the efficiency and effectiveness of a potable water supply as a means of improving service delivery by the Matlosana Local Municipality to Khuma Township. The area has the history of gold mining and the majority of the people from other rural areas and neighbouring states moved into this area and were later joined by their families. This resulted in an increase in the population to a point where people were placed in dangerous areas such as underlying dolomite and along the Koekemoer spruit. For example, extension 6 is known to experience sinkholes due to underground mining activities and the underline dolomite rock. The population has increased in Khuma Township to such an extent that a shortage of potable water supply is been experienced. Khuma Township had one water reservoir for the past 40 years and Matlosana Local Municipality did not improve or developed infrastructure related to potable water supply to be able to cater for the increasing population of this area. An empirical study was conducted in among the residents of Khuma Township, Matlosana Local Municipality and role-players in the management of potable water supply. From this study, it was evident that the supply of potable water in Khuma Township is insufficient, and there was poor communication, cooperation and participation between Matlosana Local Municipality and the residents of Khuma Township. The ineffective management of potable water supply in Khuma Township by the Matlosana Local Municipality as well as ignoring the significance of settling people in a safe area that is free from water pollution, sinkholes and underlying dolomite rock left a lot to be desired. The researcher arrived at logical conclusions and recommendations with regard to all aspects related to future management of potable water supply in Khuma Township. / M Development and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

This research deals with organisation culture in the Chemical Industry, with specific reference to the culture in Gas Production. In the literature survey, the concept 'organisation culture' is studied theoretically from the perspective of Burke and Litwin. Theoretically, differences may occur between the current and desired organisation culture, between divisions and between levels of authority. The conclusion is drawn that culture change involves the whole organisation. In the empirical investigation, the Organisation Culture Index is applied to 36 employees at management level and 138 at employee level. The empirical findings show that there are significant differences. The empirical findings therefore support the theoretical findings that a single culture does not always exist in an organisation. This research also confirms that the culture in this organisation may not be appropriate for the present era. / Hierdie navorsing ondersoek organisasiekultuur in die Chemiese Bedryf, met spesifieke verwysing na die kultuur in Gasproduksie. In die literatuuroorsig word die konsep "organisasiekultuur" teoreties vanuit Burke en Litwin se perspektief beskou. Teoreties kan verskille in organisasiekultuur tussen die huidige en die verlangde organisasiekultuur, tussen afdelings en tussen gesagsvlakke voorkom. Die afleiding word gemaak dat kultuurverandering die totale organisasie betrek. In die empiriese ondersoek word die Organisasiekultuurindeks op 36 werknemers van die bestuursgroep en 138 van die werknemersgroep toegepas. Uit die empiriese bevindinge blyk dit dat daar betekenisvolle verskille in organisasiekultuur voorkom. Die empiriese bevindinge steun die teoretiese bevindinge dat daar nie altyd sprake is van 'n enkele kultuur in 'n organisasie nie. Daar word ook vasgestel dat hierdie organisasie se organisasiekultuur nie toespaslik is vir die huidige era nie. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)