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Texte augmenté de: Thesis, 1989. / Bibliogr. p. 203-210.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Lehigh University, 1999. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 243-256).

This dissertation presents a biographical study of Philip Murray (1886-1952) who was one of America's premier labour leaders of the twentieth century. The work examines the major influences and historical events that shaped Murray's career. The thesis argues that Murray's career has been unfairly dismissed. It explains how the enduring effects of his formative years in Lanarkshire, Scotland, shaped his character as a trade unionist. It examines his early role as an official of the United Mineworkers of America (UMW A) in the 1920s and 1930s; his leadership of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) during the stormy era of its organising drive of America's industrial workers and of the Steelworkers Organizing Committee (SWOC); and his subsequent presidency of both the United Steelworkers of America (USWA) and the CIO during and after the Second World war. Murray's Catholicism and his relationship with Communists occupy a central position in the historical narrative. This thesis contends that Murray's motivations were not based on the crude antiCommunism of the McCat1hyism period following his death, and it seeks to prove the hypothesis that, in spite of his purging of the left-led unions inside the CIO, ironically, Murray throughout his life consistently strove to adhere to his class consciousness and uphold his convictions as a sincere advocate for labour's adversarial role inside capitalism. This thesis questions Murray's purported belief in class collaboration, as advocated in the papal encyclicals Rerum Novarum (1891) and Quadragessimo Anno (1931), and argues that, even if Murray agreed with the sentiments of the encyclicals' support and sympathy for the rights of workers and trade unions, he was never naive enough to reject the social and political reality of class struggle as an intrinsic, or motive, force in capitalist society.

<p>This dissertation consists of an examination of the Liberal Unionist party over the entire period of its existence, from 1886to1912, and demonstrates the importance of the party to a complete understanding of British political history in the late-Victorian and Edwardian periods. The Liberal Unionist party retained a significant degree of independence from other parties for far longer than historians have generally assumed. In particular, the relationship between the Liberal Unionist party and the Conservative party, with whom they co-operated in an electoral alliance from 1886 and participated in a coalition government from 1895 to 1905, continued to be fraught with tension and conflicts over parliamentary representation and ideology until the last years of the party's existence. Conversely, many Liberal Unionists retained ties of sentiment and ideology with the Liberal parties for many years after the Home Rule division of 1886. In the course of demonstrating the continued independence of the Liberal Unionist party, this dissertation examines the central and local party organization, the operation of the electoral alliance between the Liberal Unionists and Conservatives, and the construction and nature of Liberal Unionist identity. An important component of this dissertation is the identification of every Liberal Unionist candidate and M.P. based on a variety of primary sources (see Appendixes C and D), which allows for a more detailed and accurate discussion of the history of the party than previously had been possible.</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This thesis examines the ways in which definitions and perceptions of refugees in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia evolved over the course of the American Civil War. It investigates perspectives from individuals in both the United States and Confederate States to illustrate how misconceptions about refugees—who they were, what they wanted, and how they could benefit each side—dominated how displaced people were discussed. I argue that despite significant attention to refugees in newspapers, military reports, and among the public, both sides failed to adequately assist refugees who were displaced as a result of the war. Utilizing a broadly chronological approach allows greater insight into how the situation in the Shenandoah Valley escalated over time with the addition of various refugee demographic groups, including white Unionists, Black self-emancipated people, deserters, and pro-Confederate civilians. This thesis discusses how each of these groups challenged Americans' culturally-constructed definition of the word "refugee." It also demonstrates how military commanders made use of refugees as sources of military intelligence who directly influenced the events of several military campaigns. This thesis argues that misconceptions about refugees hindered an effective and meaningful response to the Valley's refugee crisis among government officials, military officers, and the general populaces of the North and the South. / Master of Arts / The devastation wrought by the American Civil War in the Shenandoah Valley of western Virginia sparked a refugee crisis that grew in size over the course of the war. From the earliest days of the conflict in 1861, Americans correctly predicted that the war would displace many people. However, mistaken ideas about who qualified as a refugee and what to do with or for refugees prevented an effective response that could have alleviated the suffering of many of these people. This thesis examines how Americans struggled to understand refugees as matters of gender, race, and loyalty appeared to complicate the subject. It offers insight into not only how Americans perceived refugees, but also explores refugee experiences in order to illuminate voices that were overlooked both in the 1860s and in the decades since the war.

Esta dissertação busca refletir sobre as alterações na organização do trabalho na sociedade brasileira do final do século XX, determinadas por políticas de caráter neoliberal, que demandaram alterações também nas abordagens de resistência da classe trabalhadora. Com este intuito, é estudado o processo da assim chamada globalização que trouxe elementos novos para o capitalismo da virada do século: financeirização e liberalização mundial da economia. São analisados os impactos causados no movimento sindical, através do resgate de sua história e seus processos de construção de lideranças, especialmente diante das mudanças trazidas pela reestruturação produtiva na transição híbrida de um modelo essencialmente fordista para outro, flexível, o toyotismo. O estudo foca o exemplo da categoria bancária, utilizando como referencial o Sindicato dos Bancários do Rio de Janeiro. O objeto de estudo centrou-se nos desafios gerados pela conjuntura, notadamente na formação de uma geração de sindicalistas capaz de fazer frente a um capitalismo oxigenado por tal processo de globalização. A fim de entender os desafios da formação de sindicalistas na contemporaneidade, a abordagem empírica baseia-se em entrevistas com dez dirigentes da atual Diretoria Executiva da entidade mencionada, cujo primeiro mandato iniciou nos anos 1990. A orientação metodológica tomou por base a consulta e análise de dados documentais, provenientes majoritariamente do Sindicato dos Bancários do Rio de Janeiro; da Contraf/CUT (Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores do Ramo Financeiro da Central Única dos Trabalhadores); do Dieese (Departamento Intersindical de Estatísticas e Estudos Sócio Econômicos), além de literatura especializada referente aos temas afins. / This dissertation seeks to account for changes in work organization in the Brazilian society in the end of the 20th Century, determined by neoliberal policies, which required changes in the resistance strategies from working class. In order to do so, it is studied the process of the so called globalization, which brought new elements to the turning-Century capitalism: financing and global liberalization of economy. The impacts on unionist movement are analysed by retrieving its history and its processes for building leaderships, particularly in face of changes brought by production restructuring in the hybrid transition from an essential Fordist model to a flexible one, the Toyotism. The study focuses the example of the banking class, using the Sindicato dos Bancários do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro Banking Worker Trade Union) as reference. The study subject has concentrated on challenges brought about by the conjuncture, especially on educating a unionist generation in order to be able to face the capitalism empowered by such globalization process. Aiming to understand the challenges on unionist training at present time, the empiric approach is based on interviews with ten directors of the present Executive Board of the mentioned entity, whose first term started on the 1990 decade. The methodological orientation focused the consultation and analysis of printing data, coming mainly from Sindicato dos Bancários do Rio de Janeiro; Contraf/CUT (Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores do Ramo Financeiro da Central Única dos Trabalhadores -- National Confederation of Financing Industry Workers); Dieese (Departamento Intersindical de Estatísticas e Estudos Sócio Econômicos -- Inter-Unionist Agency of Socio-Economic Statistics and Studies); as well as the specialised literature concerning related topics.

Esta dissertação busca refletir sobre as alterações na organização do trabalho na sociedade brasileira do final do século XX, determinadas por políticas de caráter neoliberal, que demandaram alterações também nas abordagens de resistência da classe trabalhadora. Com este intuito, é estudado o processo da assim chamada globalização que trouxe elementos novos para o capitalismo da virada do século: financeirização e liberalização mundial da economia. São analisados os impactos causados no movimento sindical, através do resgate de sua história e seus processos de construção de lideranças, especialmente diante das mudanças trazidas pela reestruturação produtiva na transição híbrida de um modelo essencialmente fordista para outro, flexível, o toyotismo. O estudo foca o exemplo da categoria bancária, utilizando como referencial o Sindicato dos Bancários do Rio de Janeiro. O objeto de estudo centrou-se nos desafios gerados pela conjuntura, notadamente na formação de uma geração de sindicalistas capaz de fazer frente a um capitalismo oxigenado por tal processo de globalização. A fim de entender os desafios da formação de sindicalistas na contemporaneidade, a abordagem empírica baseia-se em entrevistas com dez dirigentes da atual Diretoria Executiva da entidade mencionada, cujo primeiro mandato iniciou nos anos 1990. A orientação metodológica tomou por base a consulta e análise de dados documentais, provenientes majoritariamente do Sindicato dos Bancários do Rio de Janeiro; da Contraf/CUT (Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores do Ramo Financeiro da Central Única dos Trabalhadores); do Dieese (Departamento Intersindical de Estatísticas e Estudos Sócio Econômicos), além de literatura especializada referente aos temas afins. / This dissertation seeks to account for changes in work organization in the Brazilian society in the end of the 20th Century, determined by neoliberal policies, which required changes in the resistance strategies from working class. In order to do so, it is studied the process of the so called globalization, which brought new elements to the turning-Century capitalism: financing and global liberalization of economy. The impacts on unionist movement are analysed by retrieving its history and its processes for building leaderships, particularly in face of changes brought by production restructuring in the hybrid transition from an essential Fordist model to a flexible one, the Toyotism. The study focuses the example of the banking class, using the Sindicato dos Bancários do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro Banking Worker Trade Union) as reference. The study subject has concentrated on challenges brought about by the conjuncture, especially on educating a unionist generation in order to be able to face the capitalism empowered by such globalization process. Aiming to understand the challenges on unionist training at present time, the empiric approach is based on interviews with ten directors of the present Executive Board of the mentioned entity, whose first term started on the 1990 decade. The methodological orientation focused the consultation and analysis of printing data, coming mainly from Sindicato dos Bancários do Rio de Janeiro; Contraf/CUT (Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores do Ramo Financeiro da Central Única dos Trabalhadores -- National Confederation of Financing Industry Workers); Dieese (Departamento Intersindical de Estatísticas e Estudos Sócio Econômicos -- Inter-Unionist Agency of Socio-Economic Statistics and Studies); as well as the specialised literature concerning related topics.

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