The purpose of this thesis is to identify the names of the students who died while attending the Brandon Indian Residential School (BIRS) and determine the location of the school’s burial grounds along with the number of unmarked graves on the school property. My research project uses mixed methods including; archival research, qualitative interviews, Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR), Electromagnetic Ground Conductivity (EM38), control burns, and aerial photography to systematically survey the school’s burial grounds. My investigation into the deaths and burials of BIRS students aligns closely with a larger project being conducted by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada’s (TRC) Working Group on Missing Children and Unmarked Burials (n.d.). This Working Group attempts to locate the burial grounds for the Indian residential schools across Canada and identify the names of the students who died at the schools in the archives. This research was conducted in collaboration with Sioux Valley Dakota Nation, the University of Manitoba, Brandon University, the United Church of Canada, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), and in consultation with the TRC, Manitoba Historic Resources Branch, and Brandon Research Centre. By using an applied anthropological approach my thesis works to contribute to the ongoing TRC’s Missing Children’s Project. It is my hope that this research can assist the Sioux Valley Dakota Nation with future restoration, protection and commemoration plans. / May 2015

The aim of this study is to semantically analyze the use of marked and unmarked adjunct clauses in Middle Egyptian documentary texts in order to investigate the limits of choosing an unmarked form in more informal language use. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used in the analysis. The results show that marked adjunct clauses are more frequent than unmarked, and the choice between these two is to a great extent based on the semantic role of the clause. Additionally, unmarked forms can often be regarded as marked, e.g. by tense or mood, and the overall co(n)text, which indicates that markedness should be seen as a continuum, instead of two polar opposites marked and unmarked. Consequently, the results indicate that markedness – although in different forms – is the norm in non-literary Middle Egyptian texts, thus differing from the official language that is used in literary, royal, and religious texts. Furthermore, the present study has a diachronic dimension. The comparison between texts from the earlier and later Middle Kingdom clearly show the development in the use of adjunct clauses that took place between Old and Late Egyptian, when marked forms eventually became the norm in all language use. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att semantiskt analysera markerade och icke-markerade bisatser i mellanegyptiska dokumentära texter för att klargöra gränserna för användningen av icke-markerade former i ledigare språkbruk. För denna studie tillämpades både en kvalitativ och en kvantitativ metod. Resultaten visar att markerade bisatser är mer frekventa än icke-markerade, och att valet mellan dessa två former i stort sett beror på bisatsens semantiska roll. I många fall kan icke-markerade bisatser dessutom vara mer eller mindre markerade, bl.a. med hjälp av tempus och modus. Därför bör fenomenet markerad och icke-markerad betraktas som ett kontinuum istället för två motpoler. Resultaten tyder med andra ord på att markering – om än på olika sätt – är norm i det mindre formella mellanegyptiska språkbruket. Denna norm skiljer sig i detta avseende från det officiella språkbruket, som är typiskt i bl.a. litterära och religiösa texter. Denna studie innefattar dessutom en diakronisk del. Jämförelsen mellan tidigare och senare texter från Mellersta riket visar tydligt den utveckling i användningen av bisatser som skedde mellan gammalegyptiska och senegyptiska, då markerade bisatser till slut blev norm i allt språkbruk.

No description available.

Carter Mansion is a well-known historic site in Tennessee. It is estimated to have been built in the 1770s and is believed to be the oldest frame house, a house with a wooden skeleton for the base, in the state. This house was built by John and Landon Carter, father, and son respectively, who were well known influential leaders of the Watauga Settlement in the late 18th century. Prior to their arrival, the area was home to Native Americans. The aim of this research was to perform a geophysical survey of a previously unresearched area of the site, providing guidance for future development of the property. A ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey was conducted with a GSSI SIR4000 with 400 MHz antennas. Previous research was able to identify both historic and prehistoric graves in other areas of the property. This project extends this knowledge and aims to determine if there are graves associated with the headstones of the Carters on the eastern margin of the property, thus enriching the history and prehistory of the site without disturbing the grounds.

The Brush Arbor Cemetery is an early-to-late 19th century Black cemetery that was also the meeting place of one of the first Black church congregations in Starkville, Mississippi. The cemetery has suffered greatly from structural violence and degradation. Utilizing Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), this research has revealed important information about the Brush Arbor Cemetery. The results of the GPR survey suggest there are 54 potential unmarked burials in addition to 35 marked burials. The Viewshed analysis suggests that the likely meeting place of the church congregation is in complete view of the white Odd Fellows Cemetery directly across the street. The Nearest Neighbor Index shows that the remaining headstones are randomly distributed throughout the property, but that the vandalism of these headstones are dispersed indicating that vandals target undamaged headstones on the property. Although this research recognizes the structural violence that has taken place at the Brush Arbor Cemetery it also highlights the ongoing vandalism that continues to transpire on this landscape.

Noninvasive methods for monitoring wildlife species have revolutionized the way population parameters, such as population density and survival and recruitment rates, are estimated while accounting for imperfect detection using capture-recapture models. Reliable estimates of these parameters are vital information required for making sound conservation decisions; however to date, noninvasive sampling methods have been of limited use for a vast number of species which are difficult to identify to the individual level–a general requirement of capture-recapture models. Capture-recapture models that utilize partial identity information have only recently been introduced and have not been extended to most types of noninvasive sampling scenarios in a manner that uses the spatial location where noninvasive samples were collected to further inform complete identity (i.e. spatial partial identity models). Herein, I extend the recently introduced spatial partial identity models to the noninvasive methods of remote cameras for species that are difficult to identify from photographs and DNA from hair or scat samples. The ability of these novel models to improve parameter estimation and extend study design options are investigated and the methods are made accessible to applied ecologists via statistical software. This research has the potential to greatly improve wildlife conservation decisions by improving our knowledge of parameters related to population structure and dynamics that inform those decisions. Unfortunately, many species of conservation concern (e.g., Florida panthers, Andean bears) are managed without having the necessary information on population status or trends, largely a result of the cost and difficulty of studying species in decline and because of the difficulty of applying statistical models to sparse data, which can produce imprecise and biased estimates of population parameters. By leveraging partial identity information in noninvasive samples, the models I developed will improve these parameter estimates and allow noninvasive methods to be used for more species, leading to more informed conservation decisions, and a more efficient allocation of conservation resources across species and populations. / Ph. D. / Noninvasive methods for monitoring wildlife species have revolutionized the way population parameters, such as population density and survival and recruitment rates, are estimated while accounting for imperfect detection using capture-recapture models. Reliable estimates of these parameters are vital information required for making sound conservation decisions; however to date, noninvasive sampling methods have been of limited use for a vast number of species which are difficult to identify to the individual levela general requirement of capture-recapture models. Capture-recapture models that utilize partial identity information have only recently been introduced and have not been extended to most types of noninvasive sampling scenarios in a manner that uses the spatial location where noninvasive samples were collected to further inform complete identity (i.e. spatial partial identity models). Herein, I extend the recently introduced spatial partial identity models to the noninvasive methods of remote cameras for species that are difficult to identify from photographs and DNA from hair or scat samples. The ability of these novel models to improve parameter estimation and extend study design options are investigated and the methods are made accessible to applied ecologists via statistical software. This research has the potential to greatly improve wildlife conservation decisions by improving our knowledge of parameters related to population structure and dynamics that inform those decisions. Unfortunately, many species of conservation concern (e.g., Florida panthers, Andean bears) are managed without having the necessary information on population status or trends, largely a result of the cost and difficulty of studying species in decline and because of the difficulty of applying statistical models to sparse data, which can produce imprecise and biased estimates of population parameters. By leveraging partial identity information in noninvasive samples, the models I developed will improve these parameter estimates and allow noninvasive methods to be used for more species, leading to more informed conservation decisions, and a more efficient allocation of conservation resources across species and populations.

Cette présente recherche se situe dans le cadre des études contrastives. Elle recouvre, dans une perspective d’analyse, en matière de traduction d’une oeuvre littéraire du thaï au français, en particulier sur l’utilisation des temps verbaux. Puisque des différences importantes existent entre ces deux langues qui ne sont pas linguistiquement proches, il y a souvent des difficultés dans la traduction de l’expression du temps d’une langue à l’autre. En la matière, la principale différenciation réside dans le fait que le thaï, langue sans morphologie, possédant des mots invariables, exprime le temps par l’adjonction de morphèmes. De plus, le thaï utilise le système temporel primaire avec trois temps principaux : présent, passé et futur. Au contraire, pour le français, langue flexionnelle, le verbe transporte avec lui la marque de temps, et dès lors, chaque forme verbale indique un temps grammatical : une forme verbale fait référence au moment où se déroule le procès. L’expression de temps en français se sert des temps divisés en des époques de sous-divisions, dont le système temporel secondaire. Le thaï utilise des moyens très différents pour se référer aux moments du déroulement des événements par rapport au système du français. Alors, les objectifs de cette recherche sont d’étudier les systèmes qui commandent l’usage des temps verbaux de chaque langue afin de chercher des formes équivalentes. Nous espérons que cette recherche constituera un bon point de départ pour des études de linguistique comparée thaï – français / The present research is situated in the domain of contrastive studies. It covers, in an analytical perspective, the translation of a literary work from Thai to French and in particular the use of verb tenses. Since these two languages are not linguistically close and are significantly different, difficulties arise when translating the expression of tenses from one language to the other. The main difference comes from the fact that Thai language, which does not have any inflectional morphology and possesses invariable words, expresses tenses by addition of morphemes. Furthermore, Thai uses the primary tense system of three main moments : past, present and future. On the contrary, in French, which is an inflectional language, the verb carries the tense mark, and as such, every verbal form indicates a grammatical tense : a verbal form indicates the moment at which the process occurs. To express tenses, French uses tenses which are divided into periods which include the secondary temporal system. Compared to the French tense system, Thai language uses different ways of expressing the moments at which an event occurs. Therefore, the objectif of this reserach is to study the system which commands the usage of verbal tenses of each language in order to find equivalent forms. We hope that this research will provide a good starting point for comparative linguistics studies between Thai and French

Submitted by Cristiane Chim (cristiane.chim@ucpel.edu.br) on 2018-07-12T12:43:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SUÉLEN RIBEIRO DUTRA.pdf: 1590690 bytes, checksum: 2e518d46cb15acd2cf1ca5fc068be94a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-12T12:43:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SUÉLEN RIBEIRO DUTRA.pdf: 1590690 bytes, checksum: 2e518d46cb15acd2cf1ca5fc068be94a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-12-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES# / #2075167498588264571# / #600 / Focusing on Brazilian Portuguese phonology, specifically on the attribution of marked and unmarked stress of non-verbs in this language, this Master’s Dissertation has as its main goal researching the phonological knowledge in students from four different levels of Elementary School – 3 rd, 5th, 7thand 9thyear – in relation with the attribution of primary stress in syllables. According to Bisol (1992), are considered to be unmarked: (1) words in which the second syllable (from the right, to the left) carries the stress and the following and last syllable is light and (2) words in which the stress falls on the last and heavy syllable. The method of this study consisted of creating and applying three different tests: in the first test, students were asked to read invented words; in the second test, students were asked to attribute the primary stress to invented words; and, in the third test, students were asked to create words. Based on the Metrical Phonology and on Bisol’s (1992) proposition for stress attribution in Portuguese, the results show that the students’ phonological grammar (Brazilian Portuguese native speakers) fit the established stress pattern for Brazilian Portuguese, since no words were created with non-licensed stress. The three types of primary stress that belong to the language system can be considered to be part of students’ phonological knowledge, being effectively productive only the cases in which the primary stress is considered to be unmarked. The research corpus also allowed the discussion on the attribution of stress to word sending in high vowels /i/ and /u/, since data showed that, in the invented lexical items with this context, the attribution of last-syllable and second-syllable (right-left)stress had similar occurrences. Among the main results found, it is relevant to mention that, when attributing the primary stress to new words, it is possible to perceive the emergency of the internal grammar and it is also possible to establish a relation between progressive contact with the writing acquisition and graphic stress marks in school and their interference on students’ phonological knowledge. / Com foco na fonologia do Português Brasileiro (PB), particularmente na atribuição do acento marcado e não marcado a não-verbos da língua, o objetivo primeiro do presente estudo foi buscar o desvelamento do conhecimento fonológico que alunos de quatro anos distintos do Ensino Fundamental (EF)– 3º, 5º, 7º e 9º anos–possuem em relação ao acento primário. Seguindo-se Bisol (1992), consideraram-se não marcados o acento paroxítono de palavras terminadas em sílabas leves e o acento oxítono de palavras terminadas em sílabas pesadas. A metodologia da pesquisa incluiu a criação e a aplicação de três testes distintos: o primeiro teste exigia dos alunos a leitura de palavras inventadas, o segundo pedia a atribuição do acento primário em palavras inventadas e, o último, solicitava a criação de palavras. Analisados à luz da Fonologia Métrica (FM) e da proposta de Bisol (1992) para o acento em português, os resultados evidenciaram que a gramática fonológica dos alunos, falantes nativos de PB, integra a pauta acentual da língua, uma vez que jamais foram criadas palavras com acento não licenciado. Os três tipos de acento primário presentes no sistema – oxítono, paroxítono e proparoxítono – podem ser reconhecidos como pertencentes ao conhecimento fonológico dos alunos, sendo que se mostram efetivamente produtivos apenas os casos de acento primário considerados não marcados. O corpus da pesquisa também permitiu a discussão do acento atribuído às palavras terminadas nas vogais altas /i/ e /u/, já que os dados mostraram, nos itens lexicais inventados com esse contexto, a atribuição do acento oxítono e paroxítono em índices próximos. Dentre os principais resultados extraídos da aplicação dos testes aos alunos do Ensino Fundamental, merece destaque que, na atribuição do acento primário a palavras novas, há a emergência da gramática internalizada e que o contato progressivo com a escrita e com as regras de acentuação na escola pode interferir nesse conhecimento fonológico.

In this essay I analyze the performative aspects relating to Marina Abramović's The Artist Is Present, which took place in spring 2010 at MoMA in New York, from the context of the artist and work, institution and documentation. In this performance work, for the duration of the exhibition, Abramović sits completely still opposite another chair where anyone from the audience may sit. The art arises through this participation. The audience are not only viewers, but also the observed, thus becoming part of the work and the negotiation of this exchange of living gazes. The performative pervades this work on multiple levels. The Artist Is Present reached a surprisingly large public, of over 500,000 visitors and continues to circulate in the form of blogs, documentary film and photography long after the exhibition duration. In order to conduct a performative analysis of The Artist Is Present I apply the theories of Peggy Phelan, regarding the relationships between the political and representative visibility in contemporary culture. Phelan's explanation of the unmarked field reveals the importance of the 'other' to see oneself. This is especially relevant in Abramović's performance which challenges and revolves around self reflection in the other. Phelan's theories are also pertinent in analyzing what Abramović as the performer and her work create for re-negotiations around positions and the gaze. The assertions of Carol Duncan in considering the Art Museum as a place of ritual are applied to the ritualistic context of The Artist Is Present, which may well build up a form of liminality. Duncan's claims of the museum as ritual in combination with Phelan's theories provide interesting grounds to further investigate the effect and eventual mythology of the performance work and artist. How do these contexts of institution, documentation, artist and art, which I propose contribute to a kind of myth creation, operate in a ritualized performance art work? This essay analyses these contexts together in order to find a connection between the performative aspects and the effect that they have on the viewer and receiver, which have contributed to the public success of this exhibition. Despite that we now live in an era of reproduction, perhaps the wishes of our era still revolve around a cult value? That even in this post industrial age of reproduction, new needs are recreated for mythology and cult? Or can it be that the reverse is true, that the rites and symbols speak to us before the mythology has fully arisen?

This diploma thesis deals with the marked word order in Italian and its translation into Czech. The work is divided into two parts. In the opening of the first, theoretical one the author applies her mind to the development of the linguistic attitude to the word order. The author focuses on the description of the basic parameters of the Czech and Italian word order with respect to the marked structures. The second, analytical part works with the selected examples of the Italian marked word order and its translation into Czech. The comparative examples of word order in the analytical part are chosen from the spoken corpus, fictional text and the parallel corpus InterCorp. The aim of this thesis is firstly comparing the Italian marked word order to the Czech one and secondly mapping general principles of translations into Czech. Conclusions and recommendations are drawn for translation into Czech.