Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work / Alisa M. Garni / In the 21st century, millions of older adults in the United States are coming out of retirement to work. In some cases, inadequate benefits and savings force them out of retirement, especially when they or their spouses experience costly health problems. In other cases, older workers “unretire” after losing loved ones, or as they experience social loss and disengagement. These older workers seek companionship through work. Although many older workers enjoy aspects of the jobs they attain in unretirement, their compensation is often insufficient, forcing some of them to perpetually delay re-retiring. Such unretirement reverses decades of movement toward greater and earlier retirement for older adults and significantly affects cultural meanings of old age. Focusing on six different worksites in Kansas, I examine how older workers and employers socially and culturally re-construct age. Evidence from ethnographic observation and thirty-three in-depth interviews with older workers and their employers suggest that employers view older workers’ agedness as an asset they can exploit to cut costs and boost profits. In sharp contrast, many older employees’ younger co-workers and clients treat them as if agedness diminishes their competence and relevance in the workplace. This is particularly true for women, who struggle more than their male colleagues to fend off the negative labels some younger co-workers and clients attempt to apply to them. Ultimately, I find that old age is a valued human resource for employers, making older employees “ideal workers,” but the cumulative effects of older workers’ interactions in the workplaces tend, on balance, to devalue older age. Notably, the forces that promoted positive constructions of older age tend to be rooted in exploitation. Employers who idealize older workers do so to squeeze as much unpaid labor power out of them as possible. When older workers resist exploitative work assignments, they often become subject to negative labeling, as opposed to other kinds of “problem worker” labeling that younger workers might face. By specifying the mechanisms that produce harmful versus helpful constructions of age at work in traditional retirement years, my study contributes to the growing body of research on the relatively new phenomenon of unretirement in the United States.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silmara Londucci.pdf: 1706279 bytes, checksum: fd9190d3406afdff24b5ac4494014ff8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-10 / The unretirement figure was brought up due to the mandatory contribution of nonoperative concurrently with the termination of the gratuity, which exposed the possibility - only through legal process, - to request the resignation to retirement and apply for a new retirement accounting the received value with the contributions of the period contributed after the retirement. The main hindrances that either pension funds or social security face concern to demographic adversities, such as the aging of the population that associated with a decline in mortality and fertility, may contribute greatly in Social Security collection of subsistence in the long term. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of unretirement in RGPS ; boiling down to the fact that there isn t much impact at the government expenses, after all, unlike many previous studies. And that this impact, if any, can be supplanted by strict compliance the Lei Maior in the way it was planned by Constituents by the efficient management - since the principle of public service efficiency is a corollary of public administration. This subject has a great deal of controversy, hence, the goal to explore it. For once there is the debate about the economic impact on the social security accounts, and second, because Brazil, if not the only, is one of the only few countries that charges contribution inactive, a fact that needs reconsideration revised in view of the volume of revenue collected by the Social Security annually. The collection of social security contribution by retirees also generates large public spendings in the judiciary, with thousands of lawsuits filed and the whole structure of the judicial machinery to meet the citizens who are in the same situation / O instituto da Desaposentação surgiu em razão da obrigatoriedade da contribuição dos inativos, cumulado com a extinção do pecúlio, no qual se vislumbrou a possibilidade somente via judicial, de requerer a renúncia à aposentadoria e requerer uma nova aposentadoria, contabilizando-se ao valor recebido às contribuições do período contribuído após o júbilo. Os principais obstáculos que os planos de Previdência enfrentam são as adversidades demográficas, situação em que se verifica o envelhecimento da população, que, atrelada à queda da mortalidade e da fecundidade, podem afetar sobremaneira as contas da Previdência no longo prazo. O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar o impacto da Desaposentação nas despesas do RGPS. Conclui-se que não há grande impacto financeiro, ao contrário de estudos já publicados, e que este impacto, se houver, pode ser suplantado pelo estrito cumprimento da Lei Maior nos moldes em que foi insculpida pelos Constituintes, pela gestão eficiente uma vez que o princípio da eficiência do serviço público é um corolário da administração pública. Justifica-se o estudo do tema por ser atual, por haver grande controvérsia a respeito do impacto econômico nas contas previdenciárias, e também porque o Brasil é, senão o único, um dos únicos países que cobra contribuição de inativos. A cobrança da contribuição previdenciária dos inativos gera também grande gasto público com o Poder Judiciário, tendo em vista milhares de ações ajuizadas e a estrutura da máquina judiciária necessária para atender aos de cidadãos que se encontram na mesma situação

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