No description available.

No description available.

Neste trabalho, utilizamos uma equação hedônica para estimar o preço implícito de amenidades urbanas a partir de dados do mercado de imóveis no Município de São Paulo. São testadas duas especificações: uma com as variáveis explicativas originais e outra com a construção de fatores para correção de multicolinearidade. Além de considerar a configuração monocêntrica tradicional, propomos a inclusão de um vetor de acessibilidade para o caso de uma cidade duocêntrica. A investigação sobre as variáveis ambientais relevantes é fundamentada na interpolação espacial dos resíduos. Concluímos que a proximidade das estações de trem, a presença de áreas verdes e o zoneamento estritamente residencial valorizam o imóvel para fins residenciais, enquanto a criminalidade reduz o seu valor. / In this work, I use a hedonic equation to estimate the implicit prices of urban amenities based on housing market data for the city of São Paulo. I test two different specifications, one with the original independent variables, and another with factors to correct for multicollinearity. In addition to the traditional monocentric model, I include an accessibility vector for a duocentric city. A criterion to select the appropriate environmental variables based on residual spatial interpolation is introduced. I conclude that proximity to train stations, green areas and strict residential zones raise rents, while criminality reduces them.

A park is a desirable feature when people are purchasing a property. Buyers are ready to pay more for properties surrounded by natural amenities, such as a pleasant park. However, if a park is perceived as unsafe by local residents, then it may have a negative effect on housing prices. The aim of this study is to investigate the importance of urban parks in Stockholm, capital of Sweden, and to find evidence of whether people in Stockholm are willing to pay extra for parks when purchasing an apartment. This study hypothesized that people’s willingness to pay for urban parks and green spaces is affected by crime. The methodology had two stages. An extensive field work was performed in a selected number of parks to help characterize the parks in Stockholm. This was later followed by the analysis of 2008’s apartment sales using hedonic modelling combined with Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. Results suggest that the effect of parks vary by park type. An aggregated measure of parks lower apartment prices but the effect turns out to be positive in some cases, or insignificant, when parks are broken down by types. For instance, parks with cultural features, forest feeling, skating and features of national interest increase apartment prices. However, if park have ball games, marina, boating facilities, skate board facilities and frequent social events – these features tend to reduce property values. These findings support the idea that the impact of park on property value depends on the type of park. Contrary to was expected, the park impact on prices does not seem to be affected by seasonal variations (e.g., summer versus winter), only individual months seem to affect prices. More interestingly, crime affects the quality of parks and, in its turn, the relationship between parks and prices. Results show that parks that originally show a positive impact on prices may affect prices negatively if they have relatively high rates of violence and vandalism. The study finalizes with a discussion these results and their implication for future research.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Cette recherche trouve son origine dans le constat selon lequel le périurbain devient progressivement plus complexe et que l’homogénéité présumée de ces espaces devrait être remise en question. En effet, l'étalement urbain est maintenant caractérisé par une série de processus post-suburbains multiples, inégaux et émergents, qui prennent des formes spécifiques dans des contextes spatio-temporels distincts. Dès lors, nous visons à examiner les impacts des évolutions récentes observées dans les franges périurbaines de Lille et de Belo Horizonte sur l’accès (potentiel et effectif) aux équipements urbains quotidiens (commerces, services, équipements de santé et de loisirs). Cet exercice comparatif, qui ne peut pas être réduit aux critères socioéconomiques et démographiques, propose de se concentrer sur les processus ordinaires qui contribuent à façonner les modes de vie des habitants périurbains. Dans un premier temps, les résultats montrent que, même si les grandes tendances se révèlent similaires dans les deux contextes, la métropole lilloise semble bénéficier aux groupes de classe moyenne, tandis que Belo Horizonte semble être plus polarisée. Deuxièmement, les résultats des entretiens semi-directifs menés avec les habitants des franges périurbaines montrent que leur accès aux ressources urbaines passe par une série de contraintes, stratégies et arbitrages, comme la trajectoire résidentielle des ménages, l’optimisation des déplacements, etc. L'analyse souligne à la fois la prédominance de la dépendance automobile dans les espaces de densité intermédiaire et la diversité des comportements de déplacement et des stratégies de mobilité, qui sont influencés non seulement par les caractéristiques individuelles, mais également par les structures spatiales et locales. / This research elaborates on a growing consensus in academic literature that low-density areas become gradually more complex and that their presumed homogeneity should be questioned. Undeniably, suburban sprawl is now characterized by a series of multifaceted, uneven and emergent post-suburban processes that assume specific forms across divergent spatiotemporal contexts. This thesis seeks to examine the impacts of the recent shifts observed in the suburban areas of Lille and Belo Horizonte in (potential and real) access to daily urban amenities (shops, services, health and leisure facilities). This comparative exercise that cannot be resumed in socio-economic and demographic criteria proposes to focus on ordinary processes that help shaping suburbanism(s), or suburban’s ways of life. First, results indicate that although global tendencies are shown to be similar in both contexts, the Metropolitan Area of Lille seems to benefit middle-class groups, while Belo Horizonte seems to be more polarized. Second, the results of semi-structured interviews conducted with the inhabitants of the suburban areas highlight how access to urban amenities is influenced by individual obstacles and strategies, such as residential trajectories and sequential trips. The analysis underlines, on the one hand, automobile dependency and, on the other hand, the diversity of travel behaviors and mobility strategies that are influenced not only by individual characteristics, but also spatial and local structures. / A presente pesquisa baseia-se na observação de que as áreas periurbanas vêm se tornando progressivamente mais complexas e que a suposta homogeneidade de tais espaços deve ser questionada. De fato, a expansão urbana caracteriza-se atualmente por uma série de processos póssuburbanos múltiplos, desiguais e emergentes, que assumem formas específicas em contextos espaço-temporais dist intos. Nesse sentido, pretende-se examinar os impactos das evoluções recentes observadas nas franjas periurbanas de Lille e Belo Horizonte no acesso (potencial e efetivo) às atividades urbanas diárias (lojas, serviços, equipamentos de saúde e lazer). Tal exercício comparativo, que não pode ser reduzido a critérios socioeconômicos e demográficos, propõe analisar os processos que constroem e a mobilidade dos moradores da periferia urbana. Inicialmente, os resultados mostram que, embora as principais tendências sejam semelhantes nos dois contextos, a metrópole de Lille beneficia os grupos de classe média, enquanto Belo Horizonte apresenta uma maior polarização. Em segundo lugar, os resultados de entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas com moradores das periferias mostram que o acesso aos equipamentos urbanos é associado a uma série de restrições, estratégias e arbitragens, como a trajetória residencial dos habitantes, a otimização dos deslocamentos etc. A análise permite destacar tanto a dependência do automóvel nas áreas periféricas, quanto a diversidade de estratégias de mobilidade, que são influenciadas não apenas pelas características individuais dos habitantes, mas também pelas configurações espaciais e locais.

La planification urbaine regroupe les moyens institutionnels mis en œuvre pour gérer les évolutions urbaines. Au cours du temps, les documents de planification urbaine français ont vu leurs objectifs évoluer en vue d’une gestion plus maîtrisée des espaces urbanisés (lois SRU et Grenelle). Aussi, la question de la protection de l’environnement et des espaces a été renforcée par la législation européenne qui a obligé certains documents d’urbanisme à intégrer une évaluation environnementale (en 2001 pour l’Europe, applicable en France en 2005). Cette thèse propose une démarche d’évaluation complémentaire aux systèmes d’indicateurs des évaluations des Plans Locaux d’Urbanisme et plus largement de questionner l’impact des PLU sur le territoire urbanisé. En effet, les indicateurs des évaluations des PLU semblent renseigner plus sur les performances durables des villes que sur la qualité du dispositif d’urbanisme règlementaire. La démarche proposée se base sur la création d’un corpus d’indicateurs devant montrer les effets du PLU par rapport à des « critères » qui sont du ressort de l’urbanisme règlementaire (zonage, contraintes formelles du bâti et d’aménagement de la parcelle, équipements publics et aménités urbaines) et de « l’urbanisme durable » (au sens des lois SRU et Grenelle). Enfin, l’agrégation des indicateurs par analyses multicritères et statistiques permettront aux rédacteurs des PLU de disposer d’un outil de compréhension des règles complexes ainsi que d’un outil d’aide à la décision, en vue de faciliter les choix d’évolution du zonage et des règlements. La démarche est appliquée au PLU de Toulouse. / Urban planning includes the institutional means used to control urban development. Over the years, the French urban plans saw their goals modified towards a more controlled urban space management (SRU and Grenelle laws). Besides, environmental and spatial protection issues were reinforced by European legislation, which made the environmental assessment compulsory for some plans (in 2001 for Europe, applied in France in 2005). This PhD research aims to propose a complementary assessment approach to the current indicators contained in the local plan’s assessments, and, more broadly, to question the impacts of the local plans on urban areas. In fact, the local plan indicators seem to be more adapted for a city sustainability performance analysis than for an analysis of the quality of the regulations contained in the plans. This approach starts with the creation of a set of indicators, which are expected to show the effects of the local plan, focusing on “regulatory planning criteria” (zoning, constraints for a building shape and parcel layout, public facilities and amenities) and “sustainable planning” (based on the SRU and Grenelle laws definitions). Finally, the aggregation of the indicators, by the use of multicriteria and statistical analysis, will supply regulatory planners not only with a tool for better understanding of the complex regulations but also a decision aiding tool, whose purpose is to facilitate the choices planners have to make for the evolution of the zoning and the regulation. The local plan of the city of Toulouse will be used as a case study to show the application of the approach.

The urban study deals with the design of the new city district in the area where the Tepna Náchod textile factory used to stand. The total area of the solved area (including the existing development) is 10.35 ha. My intention was to create a new neighborhood that will take advantage of the huge benefits of this area. These are the terrain configuration and the immediate proximity of the historic city center and the train and bus stations. Because the area is flat and it is one of the few in the city that is not on the slope, I decided to place a compact block of flats and make the most of the area. The aim was to design a new city district, basically a modern city center, but it will not compete with the historic one, but rather will support it. The newly designed public spaces are not critical in their size, but in their content and diversity. The main idea of the proposal was to use the proximity of the railway station, the historic center and the terrain and create a barrier-free city district for the inhabitants, which will connect the surrounding city districts and at the same time offer enough housing, places for business and also a leisure time environment. And everything is within walking distance of the station and the center.