This thesis analyzes the process of proactive urban design in a theoretical framework. It asks searching questions about how built environments are conceived of, designed, delivered, protected, enhanced and managed, and it explores these by examining the proactive planning practices in Britain. It defines the proactive approach firstly as / how both the spatial policy and detailed guidance express and prescribe the desired physical form, and secondly / how this is pursued through active negotiation. While encompasses land use planning, spatial planning goes beyond physical planning with a clearly defined local vision which emphasises social, economic and environmental values. This inclusive approach defines urban design as a spatial policy describing both the form and the life of the city. It deals with how urban design infuses planning policies at all levels. The case study looks into policy mechanisms associated with the delivery of good urban design. It represents the proactive planning practice through involvement, partnership working and negotiation processes based on a sustainable community strategy. It focuses on the policies influencing design quality and how these shape the decisionmaking processes of public and private sector stakeholders resulting in better quality of built environment and a more vibrant public realm. This study examines the social structure that developed the proactive approach for best practice to become common practice. It explains the lessons to learn from the definition of spatial planning process with its context and implementation tools, even if these might not be adapted to Turkey without the same intellectual and philosophical backgrounds.

The main concern of this thesis is to evaluate the land-cut as an alternative urban design tool instead of landfill in the creation of shore in waterfront areas in terms of improving space quality, increasing the shoreline length for the use and benefit of public, decreasing the risks of natural disasters while increasing the marine ecosystem and habitat, and promoting the development of the land economy. The development of the idea dates back to an urban design studio study carried out in 2005 in Eceabat, &Ccedil / anakkale by Middle East Technical University Urban Design Master Program. During the study, it was observed that the interaction of small town of Eceabat with water was partially blocked by a seaside road and a ferry port created by landfill. Therefore, the ways of integrating the town life with water was searched and in the design schemes proposed after the analyses, the possibility to create a new shore by land-cut method in Eceabat was evaluated. Within this framework, the possibility of using land-cut method is evaluated in a more detailed case study of KuSdili Meadow and KuSdili Stream (Kurbagali v Dere) located in Kadik&ouml / y, Istanbul where there is a potential to create urban space with an approach which has not been used so far in Turkey. Prior to the analysis, the life near waterside has been studied in order to clarify how people from different geographies developed settlements near waterside and how those settlements existed with water. The reasons and the problematic of landfill has been evaluated with specific examples in order to put forward from what aspects the use of an alternative method be considered is necessary. Therefore, the legal and administrative aspects which resulted in the creation of landfills as problematic spaces on the waterside have also been discussed. At the end of the study, the potentiality of the site has been studied to find out from various urban design aspects with a specific reference to the applicability of land-cut method. Therefore, the analysis of the site has been carried out. And the thesis has shown that land-cut may possibly be an alternative to landfill in the development of waterside urban spaces from various spatial, social, and economic aspects.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relation between the ownership issues and the conservation of historical housing areas, which is still an ongoing problem in Turkey. The study was carried out with respect to the local and international conservation approaches, as well as three urban conservation experiments from Turkey and Italy. Istanbul - Zeyrek World Heritage Area was taken as a case study to understand further on the issue. Approaches of international authorities on urban conservation such as UNESCO and European Council, and existing conservation legislation in Turkey were studied in relation with the concept of ownership and integration of property owners into the conservation process. Besides, recent changes in Turkish conservation legislation were studied and criticized from the same perspective. Three urban conservation experiences, &ldquo / Renovation of the Historic Center of the City of Bologna&rdquo / from Italy, &ldquo / Rehabilitation of Fener and Balat Districts Programme&rdquo / and &ldquo / TarlabaSi Urban Renewal Project&rdquo / from Istanbul Turkey were also studied within the frame of this study. These practices supplied information about how property owners&rsquo / integration into the process effects conservation of urban environments, from three different perspectives. Zeyrek World Heritage Area is a conservation area with monumental buildings from Byzantine Period and timber houses from Ottoman Period. Although many conservation plans concerning the area has been prepared, historical building stock of the area is in danger. Conservation problems and opportunities of the area were investigated by analysis and social and economic research in the area. At the end of the study, with reference to the experiences discussed, it was emphasized that Zeyrek World Heritage Area could be conserved, with an approach considering property owners within existing social and economic conditions of Zeyrek and current conservation legislation.

In literature on residential areas, the settlement pattern is analyzed starting from their first apperance. In the pre-industrial city was no specialization of land use, the urban layout was relatively irregular, the street markets, shops, workshops and homes being mixed together. However, after industrialization for cities there was a need for housing supply and these were mostly supplied by blocks around working areas. All of these settlements were not healthy and efficient. So with regulations and policies for better settlements more healty and secure places were planned for workers with the idea of modernism. Also modernism brought the pure geometry for building design. The colour and facade of the buildings were determined related to functions or structural rationalist ideas. This standart and simple blocks were critised by some. Like, Sitte&rsquo / s (1889) eulogied historic spaces for their random and artistic city aesthetic. The sprawl of housing areas increased the need for accesibility and social integration to each other and main center. On the other hand, the residential quarters in their inner dynmics, the public realm, circulation, self character etc. must be defined for good working settlement and its environment. This resulted in traditional neighborhood properties for better residential settlements that new urbanist way of thought encouraged more ecology and pedestrian-oriented settlements. In D&uuml / zce after earthquake in 1999, important scale of housing necessity appeared and this need was supplied with mass housing projects in short time. In fact, 20% of the urban settlement is provided by these mass housing projects and the projects will go on. In fact, 40 % of the settlement is expected to be provided with mass housing projects. Master thesis attempts to clarify the design problems in mass housing areas in D&uuml / zce. The problems related to mass housing environment will be discussed, with reference to design concept, to explain whether or not these mass housing areas provide neighborhood standarts.

The gecekondu settlements emerged as a grassroots solution to the housing problem of migrant population in the lack of effective state intervention. Although most of these settlements gained legal status and title deeds in the following decades, they were still considered to be problem to be solved in due process. Starting from the mid-1980s, as a result of the so-called rehabilitation plans, considerable part of the gecekondu areas underwent a rapid redevelopment process through the market mechanism. The gecekondu owners gave their land to individual small scale developers in return for some portion of flats built in the land plot. However in the 2000s this strategy has changed with the introduction of state-led urban transformation projects. Transformation processes have started to consider the large gecekondu areas rather than the individual land plots as the unit of redevelopment. This brought the market model to a halt as well. It is not any more possible for the gecekondu owners to negotiate with the developers. Instead they have to deal with municipalities. Likewise the share of the gecekondu owners from the emerging rent declined dramatically as well. Such a model meets considerable resistance from the gecekondu owners. They see this process highly unfair and many of them decline to sign the agreement documents with municipal authorities. However there are also segments of gecekondu owners who accept the offer of the public authorities. The main aim of this thesis is to analyse the urban transformation projects with regard to the attitudes of the gecekondu dwellers. The question intended to be answered by the thesis is as to why some of the owner accept the offers while the others decline. While doing this, thesis also raise some further issues beyond the distribution of emerging rents such as the destruction of local communities and their life styles.

This thesis investigates the transformation of cities under the influence of globalization and the socio-spatial impacts of the process. The thesis asserts that global processes, with their neo-liberal agenda, influence the creation of new urban environments and new conditions of living and working in cities by triggering new dynamics in the functioning of certain urban mechanisms such as labour and land markets, which are conceptualized in the study as &lsquo / urban interface mechanisms&rsquo / . The thesis also asserts that as well as the ongoing functioning of urban interface mechanisms, the resilience of urban inhabitants is also an important determinant of the socio-spatial outcomes of the experienced urban transformation. The influence of new dynamics in labour and land markets are discussed for understanding how the changes in the conditions of living and working for urban inhabitants are created, how the different types of vulnerabilities and opportunities for urban inhabitants are created within this process and what is the role of social resilience, measured by the adaptive capacity of the inhabitants, in the determination of the socio-spatial effects of the urban transformation process. In order to answer these questions a research study had been conducted in a growing business centre in Istanbul, the Levent &ndash / Maslak axis, and in the surrounding neighbourhoods, which have different physical, functional and socio-economic patterns. The experience of different inhabitant groups had been investigated and compared in order to understand the parts played by neo-liberal policies, functioning of interface mechanisms and social resilience in the experienced outcomes of urban transformation.

This study analyzes the relationship between comprehensive planning and actual development (as measured by changes in welfare) for 158 jurisdictions in metropolitan Atlanta. Relying on ecological economics for a method to measure welfare and planning literature for a method to evaluate the content of comprehensive plans, this dissertation uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Development is measured for four dimensions of sustainable development (economic, social, environment, and resource) using a modified Genuine Progress Indicator, and the metropolitan Atlanta area is found to have had weakly sustainable development from 1980 to 2000. In all places, economic welfare increased and resource welfare decreased. Social and environmental development had mixed results with about half of jurisdictions showing increases in environmental welfare while less than a handful showed increases in social welfare. Comprehensive plans were found to have a range of overall plan quality scores (the average of scores of policy statements in a plan) from 1.3 to 3.2 with a mean of 2.3 out of a maximum of 4. Of 2564 policy statements, 541 (or 21\%) were high quality statements scoring 4/4 points while 708 (or 28\%) received no quality points - they were weakly worded, vague, and not measurable. The average commitment to sustainable development (percent of policy statements in a plan that are related to a principle of sustainable development) is 39\% with a minumum of 9\% and a maximum of 80\%. Plan policy statements coded for principles of sustainable development were found to have significantly higher quality scores while overall plan quality scores were not found to be correlated to the plan commmitment to sustainable development; this implies that plans are generally either rigid (having highs scores) or visionary (having high commitment to sustainable development) overall. Plan quality was found to have a significant negative relationship with sustainable development, when dimensions are considered. This relationship was stronger for plans completed within the study time period (before 2000), suggesting that this relationship may be causal. The negative result is unexpected and leads to a rejection of the hypothesis that high quality planning would be significantly and positively related to development. On the other hand, plan commitment to sustainable development was found to be weakly positively related to sustainable development although the dimensions of this relationship changed over time. As such, the hypothesis that commitment to sustainable development would be significantly and positively related to development cannot be rejected. These results hold even when looking at distinct growth patterns across the metropolitan region, suggesting that the relationships between plans and development may be applicable to other places.

No description available.

Sammanfattning Enligt Migrationsverket har andelen invandrare i Sverige ökat avsevärt de senaste åren vilket har lett till att vissa stadsområden fått ekonomiska och sociala problem. För att förbättra utsatta stadsområden slöt regeringen år 2007 ett avtal med nio kommuner i landet. Växjö kommun var en av dem som ingick i avtalet och år 2013 blev kommunen tilldelad 4,8 miljoner kronor i prestationsbaserade medel. Araby är en utsatt stadsdel i Växjö där alltfler blir bidragsberoende och behöver jobb. För att stärka arabybornas levnadsvillkor driver kommunen ett stadsutvecklingsarbete. De 4,8 miljoner kronorna som Växjö kommun blev tilldelade beslutades att gå till projekt riktade mot arabyborna med Växjö kommun som samordnare.  Syftet med uppsatsen var att genom användandet av verksamhetsteorins modell, öka förståelsen av hur en offentlig samordnare av ett utvecklingsarbete påverkar de projekt som är involverade. För att uppfylla vårt syfte hade vi först en ostrukturerad intervju där vi också fick tillgång till dokument för att få övergripande förförståelse av Araby stadsutvecklingsarbete. Därefter genomfördes fyra semi-strukturerade intervjuer med fyra av de projektledare som blev tilldelade pengar av de 4,8 miljonerna. Resultatet vi fick fram visar på att Växjö kommun som offentliga samordnare av Araby stadsutvecklingsarbete påverkar projekten på olika sätt, bland annat genom att de satte riktlinjerna i form av övergripande mål för arbetet som skulle genomföras av projekten, mängden pengar varje projekt blir tilldelade, regler i form av krav och kriterier samt hur samarbetet ska gå till mellan Växjö kommun och projekten. Vår uppsats speglar en studie där projektledarna anser att Växjö kommun endast har haft en liten påverkan på dem och deras arbete, något som varit väldigt uppskattat ur projektledarnas synvinkel. I och med det visar denna uppsats hur offentliga aktörers påverkan på projekten varit positivt enligt projektledarna. / The proportion of immigrants in Sweden has increased considerably in recent years and as a result some districts have economic and social problems. To improve the vulnerable urban areas with these issues, the government signed an agreement back in 2007 with nine municipalities of Sweden. One of the municipalities that signed that agreement was Växjö. In the year of 2014 Växjö was allocated 4.8 million Swedish crowns in performance-based funding by the government. Araby is a district in Växjö municipality where more and more people have become dependent on subsidy and in need of jobs. In order to strengthen the residents' living conditions in Araby, the municipality has an urban development work. The 4.8 million crowns that Växjö were assigned, was decided to go to projects targeting the residents of Araby with Växjö Municipality as a coordinator. The purpose of this paper is through the use of the activity theory model, increase the understanding of how a public coordinator of an urban development work affects the projects involved. In order to fulfill our purpose we have had an unstructured interview and access to documents in order to obtain comprehensive understanding of the Araby urban development work. This was followed by four structured interviews with four of the project managers that were assigned funds of the 4.8 million crowns. The interview questions were based on the activity theory. The results we concluded show that the municipality of Växjö as a public coordinator of Araby urban development work affects the projects in various ways. The municipality of Växjö has affected the projects through setting guidelines in terms of overall objectives for the work to be carried out of the projects the amount of money each project is assigned, rules in terms of requirements and criteria, just to name a few. Our essay shows a case in which the projects considers that the municipality of Växjö only has a small impact on them and their work, something that has been highly appreciated among the project managers. This shows how public actors influence on the projects has been positive according to the project managers.

Generally the skyscraper has been the great architectural contribution of modern capitalistic society and treated as the pride of a city’s urban development with significantly embossed positive aspects over the past few decades. Yet the fact that the ripple effects resulting from these buildings don’t always proceed to only a bright future urban life has also been confirmed through our recent experiences, and is especially more easily observed in high density and congested areas such as Asia Pacific cities. Therefore the evaluation for the justification of skyscraper development projects would be different depending on the specific conditions that a city faces. It is a start point of this paper. In this aspect, this study is based on the case study, the 2nd LOTTE WORLD Project in Seoul, South Korea. Because this project is an unprecedented building type in South Korea and there are no standard of measurements to evaluate its adequacy, establishing a decision model for verifying the real value of this project would be worth for the systematic urban planning in Seoul City. Furthermore, because the author got directly involved with this project as an architectural planning consultant in CB Richard Ellis firm1, the author can be in seeing this project with credible data as well as several unopened documents. Notably, this project will contribute to a boom in local economy, improving the brand image of Seoul. However, as long as conflicts incurred exist those benefits cannot be only absolute grounds to define the real value of this project. Therefore this study analyzes credible factors, which are potentially influenced by the 2nd LOTTE WORLD Project, to make an evaluation tool. The result from the survey research shows that most responders select ‘Tourism industry’ and ‘Unique identity’ as main factors substantially resulting from the completion of this project and all factors belonging to the two ‘Economic effects’ and ‘Social / Political benefits’ highly preferred to those belonging to the ‘Social / Political conflicts’. And this supports the fact that the 2nd LOTTE WORLD TOWER project is worth proceeding with a huge amount of positive effects for local communities as well as Seoul City. However, because there is a limit to this survey research in that the small collected sample size is not enough to generalize the characteristics of this project, a more specific study is necessary to find real value and more specific relationships between skyscrapers and urban fabric in Seoul City in the future. / text