Urbanisation and suburban housing development are the foci subjects of this thesis. The process of urbanisation may differ from one country to another in terms of socio-economic and political structures, environmental characteristics and also local features. In this context, housing areas at the urban fringe of Ankara were found to have been developed highly compatible with urban land use theories / but different from the process experienced in developed countries. In this thesis, a different dimension of suburbanisation has been discussed with regards to middle and lower-middle income groups&rsquo / suburban movement. The reasons why lower-middle and lower income residents prefer to live at the urban fringe have been found out. Suburban developments have various opportunities for the households such as larger housing unit due to cheap and available land, better urban services, quiet and clean environment and privacy. However, households living in urban fringe who are relatively from middle and lower-middle income are subject to high transportation cost. It is expected that they make a trade off between lower housing units and greater commuting distances and also many opportunities of living in such a suburb. With regard to these, the process of suburbanisation of middle and lower-middle income groups in Ankara within the boundaries of Sincan and Etimesgut Quarters in terms of their social characters and the features of using their urban space and house is discussed according to plan decisions, house builder and households&rsquo / characteristics, urban development pattern of Turkey and Ankara and then Etimesgut and Sincan, considering the theoretical basis and historical process.

No description available.

This thesis explores and analyzes the demand for and supply of forests in and near urban areas from a social perspective. Specific focus is directed towards recreational qualities of forests located just outside urban borders, that is, urban fringe forests. To this end, the thesis is based on four empirical research papers. Papers I and II explore the demand component, while Paper III focuses on the supply component. Finally, Paper IV integrates issues of both demand and supply. In Paper I, a survey directed to the general public in urban areas is used to address differences between public attitudes to the forest in general and to the urban fringe forest more specifically. Paper II builds upon interviews with municipal planners with responsibility for green space issues in nine Swedish cities. In Paper III, spatial forest data is analyzed in a GIS to examine how urbanization and population developments influence the supply of urban fringe forests over time. Spatial analysis is further used in Paper IV to quantify forest attractiveness and accessibility in a single measure of urban fringe forest demand and supply. In Paper I it is shown that urban residents associate the urban fringe forest with a variety of design characteristics, as people’s opinions do not solely concern social qualities but also ecological and functional qualities. It is concluded that the overall influence of socioeconomic and demographic attributes is modest in comparison to the basic values and beliefs people hold about life, the environment, and the forest in general. In Paper II it is demonstrated that it is imperative for municipalities to own forest, since this allows them to secure sufficient provisions of recreational forests for future residents and from urban land developments. However, as private citizens do generally not take part of local planning and management decision-making there is an obvious risk for decisions biased towards the interests of social organizations, with specific activity and structural demands that do not necessarily reflect the interests of the general public. From Paper III it is evident that urbanization and population developments do not necessarily lead to a reduced supply of urban fringe forests over time; forest management practices are equally important to consider with regards to people’s opportunities to visit attractive forests for recreation. Finally, in Paper IV it is shown that more attractive forests are generally less accessible to urban residents, regardless of mode of transportation, and that the accessibility to urban fringe forests is generally lower in more deprived neighborhoods. / <p>The research for <em>Paper I </em>of this thesis was conducted in collaboration with Future Forests, a multidisciplinary research program, and its sponsors: the Strategic Foundation for Environmental Research (Mistra), the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå University, the Forestry Research Institute of Sweden (Skogforsk), and the Forestry Industry in Sweden. The research for <em>Papers II-IV</em> was made possible with financial support from the Centre for Environmental Research in Umeå (CMF). Additional financial support was received from the Gösta Skoglund foundation, the Kempe foundation, and the Carl-Fredric von Horn foundation.</p>

Cette thèse porte sur l'analyse des dynamiques de développement de l'agriculture urbaine à Bobo-Dioulasso, au Burkina Faso. Elle s’intéresse à la façon dont les agriculteurs arrivent à vivre et produire en ville en s’appuyant sur une démarche systémique centrée sur les interactions ville-agriculture. Elle cherche à décrypter les facteurs d’intégration de l’agriculture au système urbain. Cette intégration peut être d’ordre économique, socio-spatial, naturel, technique, et politique. Dans toutes ces dimensions de l’intégration, les arrangements entre acteurs sont un facteur de maintien de l’agriculture en ville : c’est la thèse défendue ici. Dans la première partie, la thèse retrace l’évolution des liens entre la ville et l’agriculture depuis l'origine de la ville, et décrit la diversité des dynamiques agricoles à l’oeuvre dans la ville et ses franges urbaines. Le développement de Bobo-Dioulasso, carrefour commercial de produits agricoles, est fortement basé sur le dynamisme agricole régional. Dynamiques régionales et urbaines ont favorisé le développement multiforme de l’agriculture urbaine : cette agriculture s’est développée, transformée et adaptée et est aujourd’hui pratiquée par une multitude d’acteurs urbains. Dans un deuxième temps, cette thèse analyse les pratiques agricoles et les arrangements socio-spatiaux entre acteurs. Les agriculteurs urbains, à travers des arrangements avec d’autres acteurs, arrivent à maintenir des formes agricoles contrastées en ville : les maraîchers, à travers une logique de mobilité au sein de l’espace urbain et des arrangements à la fois avec des acteurs institutionnels et des fournisseurs d’intrants, accèdent à des ressources essentielles à la conduite de leur activité. [etc.] / This thesis analyzes the dynamics of urban agriculture development in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso in Burkina Faso. Through a systemic approach centered on the city-agriculture interactions, it aims to understand how farmers succeed in living and cultivating within the city and the way urban agriculture can be integrated into the urban system. This integration can be economic, socio-spatial, natural, technical, and political. In each of these dimensions of integration, arrangements among actors are a central factor of the permanence of agriculture in the city: it is the central hypothesis of this thesis. In the first part, the thesis focuses on the evolution of the links between the city and the agriculture since the founding of the city, and describes the diversity of agricultural dynamics taking place in the city and its urban fringe. The development of Bobo-Dioulasso, a commercial hub for agricultural products, is strongly linked to the regional agricultural dynamism. Urban and regional dynamics have favored the multifaceted development of urban agriculture. This agriculture developed, transformed and adapted to urban dynamics and is now practiced by a multitude of urban actors. In a second step, this thesis studies the agricultural practices and socio-spatial arrangements between actors. These urban farmers, through arrangements, succeed in maintaining contrasted forms of urban agriculture in the city: on the one hand, gardeners, through a logic of mobility within the urban space and arrangements with both institutional actors and input suppliers, access to resources that are essential for them to keep on conducting their activity. [etc.]

La croissance urbaine incontrôlée est liée à plusieurs problèmes socio-environnementaux dans les pays en développement comme le Pérou. Afin de comprendre l'expansion urbaine dans les zones non aménageables, la recherche combine trois dimensions de l'analyse : l'analyse spatiale, l'analyse du comportement social et l'évaluation de la gestion urbaine et de l'aménagement du territoire. L'étude se concentre sur trois cas péruviens : une oasis de brouillard saisonnier dans la ville aride de Lima, les terres agricoles de première qualité de la vallée de Cajamarca et les zones humides de la petite ville de Huamachuco. L'expansion urbaine dans les études de cas est principalement informelle et désorganisée; à cause de sérieuses déficiences dans la gestion publique locale, la planification routière et la culture de l'informalité. Cependant, certaines organisations communautaires et certains leaders sociaux contribuent à une utilisation plus durable du territoire. / Uncontrolled urban expansion is related to several socio-environmental problems in developing countries like Peru. In order to understand the urban expansion in non-developable areas, the research combines three dimensions of analysis: spatial analysis, social behavior analysis, and the evaluation of urban management and spatial planning. The study focuses on three Peruvian cases: a seasonal fog-oasis in the arid city of Lima, the prime farmlands in Cajamarca valley, and the wetlands of the small city of Huamachuco. Urban expansion in the case studies is predominantly informal and disorganized as a consequence of serious deficiencies in local public management, road planning, and the culture of informality. However, some communal organizations and social leaders contribute to a more sustainable land-use.

The preservation of agricultural land, especially that which lies close to cities (in the so-called urban fringe), is a concern in many jurisdictions around the world. Agricultural land values change dramatically as farmland is located nearer to urban areas and development pressure has increased on these lands as urban populations have expanded. In British Columbia, Canada, a provincial-wide zoning system forbids the development or non-agricultural use of land without special permission. This system is explicitly designed to protect the capability of the land to produce food in the future, but it also implicitly protects the positive spillovers from agricultural land such as environmental services and open space. Three empirical papers comprise the original research in this dissertation. They seek to answer related questions about agricultural land values in the urban fringe. First, a statistical investigation is conducted into the factors that are associated with successful applications for exclusion from the agricultural zoning system. This study finds that a measure of distance (metres from the main highway) is highly significantly correlated with a parcel’s chances of being excluded. Next, a paper examines the trend of hobby farmers springing up in the urban fringe. Two different models seek to illuminate common trends in the types of parcels that hobby farmers choose, and the price that hobby farmers pay for the land, respectively. This study finds that hobby farmers seem to be very selective about the parcels they choose, likely trying to take advantage of favourable taxation rates for agricultural producers in place in the province. Lastly, a study seeks to understand how residential parcels’ values are influenced by the nearness to and view of agricultural land. Agricultural land in the study does not appear to exhibit an open space premium, though this could be influenced by uncertainty about the future use of the land. All the empirical work in this dissertation utilizes geographic information systems (GIS) technology that allows the calculation of distances to features of interest. Hedonic pricing models and binary choice models are the main statistical tools used.

The preservation of agricultural land, especially that which lies close to cities (in the so-called urban fringe), is a concern in many jurisdictions around the world. Agricultural land values change dramatically as farmland is located nearer to urban areas and development pressure has increased on these lands as urban populations have expanded. In British Columbia, Canada, a provincial-wide zoning system forbids the development or non-agricultural use of land without special permission. This system is explicitly designed to protect the capability of the land to produce food in the future, but it also implicitly protects the positive spillovers from agricultural land such as environmental services and open space. Three empirical papers comprise the original research in this dissertation. They seek to answer related questions about agricultural land values in the urban fringe. First, a statistical investigation is conducted into the factors that are associated with successful applications for exclusion from the agricultural zoning system. This study finds that a measure of distance (metres from the main highway) is highly significantly correlated with a parcel’s chances of being excluded. Next, a paper examines the trend of hobby farmers springing up in the urban fringe. Two different models seek to illuminate common trends in the types of parcels that hobby farmers choose, and the price that hobby farmers pay for the land, respectively. This study finds that hobby farmers seem to be very selective about the parcels they choose, likely trying to take advantage of favourable taxation rates for agricultural producers in place in the province. Lastly, a study seeks to understand how residential parcels’ values are influenced by the nearness to and view of agricultural land. Agricultural land in the study does not appear to exhibit an open space premium, though this could be influenced by uncertainty about the future use of the land. All the empirical work in this dissertation utilizes geographic information systems (GIS) technology that allows the calculation of distances to features of interest. Hedonic pricing models and binary choice models are the main statistical tools used.