Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2017-01-16T11:00:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMCN.pdf: 1812104 bytes, checksum: dcc408c3378bc670808554317b118c31 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2017-01-17T12:17:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMCN.pdf: 1812104 bytes, checksum: dcc408c3378bc670808554317b118c31 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2017-01-17T12:17:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMCN.pdf: 1812104 bytes, checksum: dcc408c3378bc670808554317b118c31 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-17T12:17:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMCN.pdf: 1812104 bytes, checksum: dcc408c3378bc670808554317b118c31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Não recebi financiamento / Currently, therapeutic communities (TCs), play a key role in crack users management and other drugs under the current public policies. Against this background, this research focuses three therapeutic communities of diferent regions in Brazil. Two located in medium-sized cities in the interior of the state of São Paulo and another in a medium-sized city in the interior of the state of Pernambuco. This dissertation presents the descriptive objective of demonstrating the internal dynamics of these therapeutic communities. Unfolds this two objectives: i) know the practices and results of the therapies used; ii) know the profile of inmates, employees and operators, above all, to know the daily life inside them. As a result, the therapeutic communities researched intend to create conditions for the change of subjects that are considered as addicts, proposing (re) creating the conditions of social interaction of subjects through activities centered on the axes of spirituality, work and discipline. They contribute, therefore, to the perpetuation of an individual and guilty perspective of the drug question. The text is supported by ethnographic work that includes: i) interspersed visits made since 2012; ii) immersion in the field performing three periods of fifteen days one in each institution. / Atualmente, as Comunidades Terapêuticas (CTs), desempenham papel fundamental na gestão de usuários de crack e outras drogas no âmbito das políticas públicas vigentes. Considerando este cenário, esta pesquisa focaliza três comunidades terapêuticas de diferentes regiões do Brasil. Duas localizadas em cidades de médio porte do interior do estado de São Paulo e outra em uma cidade também de médio porte do interior do estado de Pernambuco. Esta dissertação apresenta o objetivo descritivo de demonstrar quais são as dinâmicas internas dessas comunidades terapêuticas. Desdobram-se disso dois objetivos: i) conhecer as práticas e os resultados das terapêuticas utilizadas; ii) conhecer o perfil dos internos, dos funcionários e operadores, sobretudo, conhecer a vida cotidiana no interior delas. Resulta disso que, as comunidades terapêuticas pesquisadas, pretendem criar condições para a mudança de sujeitos que são considerados adictos, propõem (re) criar as condições de interação social dos sujeitos por meio de atividades centradas nos eixos da espiritualidade, trabalho e disciplina. Contribuem, portanto, para a perpetuação de uma perspectiva individual e culpabilizante da questão das drogas. O texto é amparado por trabalho etnográfico que compreende i) visitas intercaladas realizadas desde 2012; ii) imersão em campo realizando três períodos de quinze dias um em cada instituição.

Les espaces de la Cité antique sont définis par la traditionnelle dichotomie opposant intérieur et extérieur, ville et campagne. Le travail présenté ici s’intéresse à l’ensemble formé par la ville et ses espaces périurbains en Méditerranée occidentale, dans le but de réviser notre vision du fait urbain antique. L’évolution récente de la recherche et le développement des études périurbaines tendent à considérer les marges urbaines comme un tissu conjonctif entre la cité et son territoire rural. Par la diversité des exemples présentés et les fenêtres d’étude de Cumes et de Pompéi, nous tentons d’identifier les processus de croissance ou de régression de ces espaces, leurs éléments constitutifs et leurs relations avec la cité ainsi que leurs aspects spatiaux, religieux, économiques et sociaux. Sans remettre en question le rôle central de la ville, nous soulignons les imbrications et les complémentarités existant entre ces divers composants des agglomérations antiques. La démarche historiographique, diachronique et comparatiste, complétée par deux études inédites de terrain à Cumes et à Pompéi, vise à définir les limites urbaines, les fonctions périurbaines, les zones de contrôle, d’influence et d’exclusion et les interdépendances dans une dynamique montrant les pulsations à l’œuvre dans l’ensemble composé par la ville antique et ses périphéries sur la longue durée. / The areas of the ancient City are defined by the traditional dichotomy opposing inside and outside, city and countryside. This work studies the couple formed by the city and its periurban spaces in the western Mediterranean, in order to revise our vision of the ancient urban fact. The recent evolution of research on this topic and the development of peri-urban studies tend to consider urban margins as a connective tissue between the city and its rural territory. Through the diversity of the examples analyzed and through the case studies of Cumae and Pompeii, we try to identify the processes of growth and/or regression of these areas, their constituent elements and their relationships with the city as well as their spatial religious, economic and social aspects. Without challenging the central role of the city, we emphasize the interlinkages and complementarities between the main components of the ancient agglomerations: centre, periphery and countryside. The historiographic, diachronic and comparative approach, completed by two unpublished archaeological excavations at Cumae and Pompeii, aims to define urban boundaries, periurban functions, zones of control, influence and exclusion as well as interdependencies in a dynamics showing the historical pulsations of the couple formed by the ancient city and its peripheries over the longue durée.

Cette thèse de géographie sociale et radicale traite des rapports de domination à Beyrouth à travers l’habiter des travailleurs migrants dans les marges urbaines. Population aux ressources faibles et stigmatisée dans une ville fragmentée, les migrants originaires d’Afrique et d’Asie tentent malgré tout de prendre place dans la capitale libanaise. L’approche micro et croisée de lieux – Bourj Hammoud, Karm al-Zeitoun, Sabra et le camp palestinien de Mar Elias – et de leurs habitants montre l’imbrication des temps longs et courts des migrations, les frottements entre les logiques communautaires et mercantiles des établis et celles plus chaotiques des nouveaux venus. Si les marges beyrouthines constituent des « sas » d’insertion où s’enchevêtrent des dynamiques multi-scalaires, elles n’en restent pas moins des espaces d’exclusion et de pauvreté animées et fragilisées par les injustices sociales et les inégalités citoyennes. À travers l’étude des mobilités, du système locatif et de l’accès au logement, et du dispositif commercial ethnique, ce travail, basé sur une enquête qui mobilise l’observation des espaces, les entretiens réalisés avec les différents acteurs et l’outil vidéo, met en exergue les réalités complexes de ces marges urbaines. Il expose leurs transformations contemporaines, mais également les tensions locales générées par une crise socio-politique libanaise et moyen-orientale, révélées ici via le prisme de la mondialisation migratoire. In fine, cette thèse interroge de manière à la fois décentrée, et ordinaire un ordre urbain généralement apprécié sous l’angle du confessionnalisme politique et questionne en miroir la nature du régime politique libanais. / This thesis of social and radical geography focuses on power relations in Beirut through an analysis of the housing of migrant workers in the outskirts of the city. As a population with few resources and subject to stigmatization, African and Asian migrant workers nevertheless try to find lodgings within the capital. Taking a micro and intersected approach to the study of specific neighbourhoods (Bourj Hammoud, Karm al-Zeitoun, Sabra and the Palestinian camp of Mar Elias) and their inhabitants reveals the interweaving of long- and short-term migrant groups and frictions between the commercial interests of the existing community and those, admittedly more chaotic, of newcomers. While the outskirts of Beirut have now become a transition zone, spaces in which new plural dynamics are emerging at various levels, they are also spaces of exclusion and poverty, where the coexistence of these communities is constantly being challenged and weakened by instances of social injustice and civil inequality. This study of mobility, rental accommodation, access to housing and the ethnic economy draws on observations of spaces, interviews with actors and video films and provides insights into the complex realities within a marginal urban population. It also highlights contemporary transformations and local tensions caused by the social, economic and political crisis in Lebanon and the Middle East through the prism of international migration. In fine, this thesis takes a decentralized and ordinary approach to analysing an urban structure usually observed from the perspective of confessional politics and, at the same time, questions the overall Lebanese political regime.