Submitted by Daniele Amaral (daniee_ni@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-09T17:54:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMHF.pdf: 2018353 bytes, checksum: 46ff4e7e9f1ec7a6c9db6692d746bf31 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (bco.producao.intelectual@gmail.com) on 2018-01-29T16:00:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMHF.pdf: 2018353 bytes, checksum: 46ff4e7e9f1ec7a6c9db6692d746bf31 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (bco.producao.intelectual@gmail.com) on 2018-01-29T16:01:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMHF.pdf: 2018353 bytes, checksum: 46ff4e7e9f1ec7a6c9db6692d746bf31 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-29T16:04:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMHF.pdf: 2018353 bytes, checksum: 46ff4e7e9f1ec7a6c9db6692d746bf31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-16 / Não recebi financiamento / En una sociedad regida por una ideología oficial tejida por ideologías excluyentes y respaldadas por la constitución de la identidad global en detrimento de la alteridad, este trabajo se propone estudiar, a través de un análisis discursivo, la constitución de los sujetos ético-estético presentes en el funk y el rap nacional, entendidos como un movimiento contemporáneo de cultura popular urbano, la búsqueda para que sus voces sean escuchadas fuera de sus horizontes sociales. En principio, el sujeto estético presente en esas manifestaciones culturales, al buscar que sus voces sean escuchadas y visibles también fuera de su espacio de actuación, promueve la desestabilización de algunos hilos que constituyen la ideología hegemónica, al mismo tiempo que saluda nuevas formas de interacción social, y así, para la constitución de una sociedad basada en la alteridad. Es importante resaltar que ese este estudio no se enfocó en nombres o grupos específicos de funk o rap, y si en la búsqueda por discursos oriundos de esos movimientos culturales y también en discursos sobre los mismos que ratifiquen o no el objetivo propuesto. Este trabajo fue construido con el respaldo teórico de los estudios realizados por el Circulo de Bakhtin, principalmente los que recaen sobre los conceptos de sujeto, dialogía, carnavalización, así como los estudios de Bakhtin sobre cultura popular y fiesta. En general, se dialogó con Callois, Zumthor, Certau, Hall, Canclini, Martín-Barbero entre otros, con la finalidad de verificar la manera por la cual las voces de esos sujetos son valorizadas dentro y fuera de los barrios pobres por medio del embate ideológico ocurrido en y por la palabra ambivalente. / In the midst of a society ruled by an official ideology woven by exclusive ideology and supported by the constitution of the global identity to the detriment of the otherness, this research aims to examine, through a discursive analysis of the constitution of the ethical and aesthetic subjects present in funk and the national rap, seen as a contemporary movement of urban popular culture, the quest for their voices to be heard beyond their social horizons. It seems, the aesthetic subject present in these cultural events, to get their voices audible and visible also outside their sphere of action, promotes the destabilization of some wires that constitute the hegemonic ideology, while waving to new forms of social interaction and thus for the creation of a society founded by the otherness. Importantly, this study did not focus on names or specific groups of funk or rap, but in the search for speeches arising from these cultural movements and also in speeches on them to ratify or not the proposed objective. This research was built with the support of theoretical studies by the Bakhtin Circle, especially those that fall on the subject concepts, dialogy, carnivalization, as well as studies of Bakhtin on popular culture and party. In general, there are dialogs with Caillois, Zumthor, Certeau, Hall, Canclini, Martin-Barbero among others, in order to verify the way in which the voices of these individuals are valued in and out of the slum, through the ideological clash occurred in and by the word ambivalent. / Em meio a uma sociedade regida por uma ideologia oficial tecida por ideologias excludentes e respaldadas pela constituição da identidade global em detrimento da alteridade, esta pesquisa se propõe a estudar, por meio de uma análise discursiva a constituição dos sujeitos ético-estéticos presentes no funk e no rap nacional, entendidos como um movimento contemporâneo de cultura popular urbana, a busca para que suas vozes sejam ouvidas para além de seus horizontes sociais. Ao que tudo indica, o sujeito estético presente nessas manifestações culturais, ao buscar que suas vozes sejam audíveis e visíveis também fora do seu espaço de atuação, promove a desestabilização de alguns fios que constituem a ideologia hegemônica, ao mesmo tempo em que acena para novas formas de interação social e, assim, para a constituição de uma sociedade alicerçada pela alteridade. É importante ressaltar que esse estudo não se centrou em nomes ou grupos específicos de funk ou rap, mas na busca por discursos oriundos desses movimentos culturais e também em discursos sobre os mesmos que ratificassem ou não o objetivo proposto. Esta pesquisa foi construída com o respaldo teórico dos estudos realizados pelo Círculo de Bakhtin, principalmente os que recaem sobre os conceitos de sujeito, dialogia, carnavalização, bem como os estudos de Bakhtin sobre cultura popular e festa. De um modo geral, dialogou-se como Callois, Zumthor, Certau, Hall, Canclini, Martin-Barbero entre outros, a fim de verificar a maneira pela qual as vozes desses sujeitos são valoradas dentro e fora da favela, por meio do embate ideológico ocorrido na e pela palavra ambivalente.

Cette thèse fait la recherche sur lianhuanhua, un genre de la bande dessinée chinoise, comme une expression de la culture populaire à Shanghai, qui était la plus importante métropole dans l’histoire moderne de la Chine. Chapitre I essaie d'expliquer pourquoi lianhuanhua est née à Shanghai et comment peut- il devenir une part de la culture populaire. Le contexte était la configuration politique et culturelle crée comme le résultat de la présence des concessions étrangères. Les éléments cultures et techniques nourrissaient la création de lianhuanhua. Le développement de lianhuanhua était un processus de combiner les images et les mots dans le brochure de la bande dessinée qui devenait très populaire dans le groupe de gens ordinaires. Dans Chapitre II, Le Destin de Hong et Bi est un exemple de explorer la relation entre lianhuanhua et les autres modes de divertissement. Il établissait une connexion entre les divertissements différents. Par le processus de transition de ce texte, nous pourrions observer le développement de visual narrative, l'interaction entre les modes différents des divertissements urbains et la culture urbaine qui faisait un rôle essentiel, décisif, agissant en coulisse. Le Chapitre III se concentre principalement sur les producteurs de trois angles : l’identité culturelle originale et le statut social, leurs conditions dans le cercle, et leur relation avec cette métropole. Lianhuanhua était le lien entre ces nouveaux résidents et Shanghai. La complexe condition de cette industrie de l’édition révélait la stratégie des immigrants qui gagnaient leur vie par lianhuanhua. Le Chapitre IV recherche comment la culture populaire rencontrait les défis politiques différents. Les médias publics, surtout des journaux, représentaient la voix ‘correcte’ imposée sur les gens ordinaires par la classe la plus haute de la société. La guerre elle-même de 1937 créait un défi spécial à cause de l’instabilité politique. L’ingérence officielle du Gouvernement Nationaliste aussi agissait sur le rôle de lianhuanhua. Nous pourrions identifier quatre éléments pendant le développement de lianhuanhua : Le premier, la condition préalable principale pour le développement de lianhuanhua était l’émergence de Shanghai comme une métropole moderne. Le deuxième, le genre de lianhuanhua était économiquement et culturellement disponible pour la plupart des gens. C’est un facteur très important pour sa popularisation. Le troisième, les producteurs sont un groupe crucial pour le développement de lianhuanhua. Le quatrième, lianhuanhua était une scène de lutte entre les élites et les gens ordinaires. / This study examines the development of lianhuanhua, a genre of Chinese comic, as an expression of popular culture in modern Shanghai, the most important metropolis in the Chinese modern history. Chapter one attempts to explain why lianhuanhua was born in Shanghai and how it became a part of popular culture. The background was the political and cultural configurations created as a result of the presence of the foreign settlements. Cultural and technical elements fed the creation of lianhuanhua. The development of lianhuanhua was a process of combining pictures and words into comic booklet that became very popular among the common people. In Chapter Two, The Fate of Hong and Bi is taken as an example to explore the relationship between lianhuanhua and other forms of entertainments. It established a connection between different entertainment spheres. Through the whole process of transition, we can observe the development of visual narrative, the interaction between different forms of urban entertainments, and the urban culture that played an essential, decisive and directional role behind the scenes. In Chapter Three, research focuses mainly on producers from three angles: the producers’ original cultural identity and social status, their condition in production circles, and their relationship with the metropolis. Lianhuanhua was a link between these new residents and the metropolis.. The complexity of this publishing industry reveals the living strategy of these immigrants. In Chapter Four, we study how popular culture faced the three different political challenges. The public media, especially the press, represented the “correct” discourse by the upper classes over the common people. The war itself in 1937 raised a special challenge due to political instability. Official interference by the National Government also influenced the role of lianhuanhua. Yet Lianhuanhua survived all these challenges. We identified four important elements in the process of the development of lianhuanhua. First, the basic precondition for the rise and the development of lianhuanhua was the emergence of Shanghai as a modern city. Second, the genre of lianhuanhua was within the reach, economically and culturally, of a wide range of readers, which was an important factor for its popularisation. Third, producers were a crucial group for the development of lianhuanhua. Fourth, lianhuanhua is a stage of the wrestle between the elite and the common people.