Thesis (M.Env.St.)--University of Adelaide, Mawson Graduate Centre for Environmental Studies, 2000. / Bibliography: leaves 84-91.

Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri State University, 2008. / "December 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-100). Also available online.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Inundações em centros urbanos ocorrem após precipitações intensas porque o escoamento das águas pluviais aumenta devido ao crescente processo de urbanização e consequente impermeabilização dos solos. O objetivo deste trabalho é simular manchas de inundação no trecho canalizado do Córrego Fundo, localizado na área urbana do município de Pato Branco – PR, e compara-las a partir dos cenários propostos. Foram analisados dois cenários de uso e ocupação do solo, sendo o primeiro baseado na imagem de satélite de 2015 do Bing Maps através do software Autocad Civil 3D e o segundo baseado em uma situação hipotética, onde as áreas com potencial de urbanização previstas pelo Plano Diretor Municipal estão totalmente urbanizadas. Para o cálculo da precipitação efetiva foi utilizado o método do Soil Conservation Service considerando os parâmetros de CN (Curve Number) calculados para as sub-bacias delimitadas. A transformação de precipitação efetiva em vazão foi realizada através do Hidrograma Unitário de Clark utilizando o software HEC-HMS. A equação Intensidade-Frequência-Duração ajustada para o município de Pato Branco foi utilizada para estimar as intensidades das precipitações para três diferentes períodos de retorno - 25, 50 e 100 anos. A distribuição temporal das chuvas foi realizada através do método de Huff 1º quartil. A calibração e validação do modelo forneceram índices de eficiência Nash-Sutcliffe de 0,716 e 0,652 respectivamente. Foi realizada calibração do coeficiente de rugosidade “n” de Manning para o trecho analisado a partir de medição com molinete fluviométrico. Foi realizada medição com GPS-RTK para quantificar a capacidade de armazenamento da bacia de retenção a montante do trecho analisado e para retificar a topografia nas proximidades do mesmo. O trecho analisado foi modelado no Autocad Civil 3D com posterior exportação ao HEC-RAS, que gerou as manchas de inundação para os diferentes períodos de retorno. Os resultados mostraram significativo aumento nas áreas inundadas do primeiro para o segundo cenário: 493,86%, 305,01% e 424,06% para os períodos de retorno de 25, 50 e 100 anos respectivamente. / Flooding in urban centers occur after heavy rainfall because the storm runoff is altered due urbanization and consequent waterproofing of soils. The objective of this work is to simulate flood spots in the channeled reach of Córrego Fundo river, located in the urban area of the municipality of Pato Branco - PR, and compares them from the proposed scenarios. Two land use and occupation scenarios were analyzed, the first one being based on the 2015 satellite image of Bing Maps through Autocad Civil 3D software and the second based on a hypothetical situation, where the areas with potential for urbanization provided for in the Master Plan are fully urbanized. For the calculation of the effective precipitation, the Soil Conservation Service method was used considering the CN parameters (Curve Number) calculated for the delimited sub-basins. The transformation of effective precipitation into flow was performed through the Clark Unitary Hydrogram using the HEC-HMS software. The Intensity-Frequency-Duration equation adjusted for the municipality of Pato Branco was used to estimate the precipitation intensities for three different return periods - 25, 50 and 100 year. The temporal distribution of rainfall was performed using the Huff 1st quartile method. Model calibration and validation provided Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency indices of 0.716 and 0.652 respectively. “N” Manning value was performed for the analyzed reach with fluviometric windlass measuring. Measurement with GPS-RTK was performed to quantify the storage capacity of the retention basin upstream of the analyzed portion and to rectify a topography in the vicinity of the same The analyzed reach was modeled in Autocad Civil 3D with subsequent export to the HEC-RAS, which generated the flood maps for the different return periods. The results showed a significant increase in flooded areas from the first to the second scenario: 493.86%, 305.01% and 424.06% for the 25, 50 and 100 year return periods respectively.

Orientador: Valdemir Antonio Rodrigues / Banca: Mauricio Ranzini / Banca: Teresa Cristina Tarlé Pissarra / Resumo: A urbanização acarreta a diminuição da cobertura vegetal e a impermeabilização do solo, direcionando maior parcela de água pluvial a um escoamento superficial, dada a redução da infiltração, além de diminuir a recarga dos aquíferos e queda da capacidade de amortecimento natural das bacias hidrográficas. A consequência deste processo é um aumento nos volumes escoados e nas vazões de pico, ao mesmo tempo em que ocorre a redução do tempo de concentração da água da chuva, provocando eventos de cheias cada vez mais críticos. Partindo desta premissa, torna-se fundamental a realização de estudos que forneçam prognósticos sobre estes aspectos hidrológicos em bacias hidrográficas, sobretudo em bacias a serem urbanizadas, como é o caso da microbacia hidrográfica do córrego da Cachoeirinha. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as condições ambientais, a morfometria e as variáveis hidrológicas da microbacia hidrográfica do córrego da Cachoeirinha, relacionando o escoamento superficial da água da chuva com parâmetros de urbanização, mas especificamente sobre a influência da impermeabilização do solo nos processos hidrológicos em bacias hidrográficas com áreas urbanizadas ou a serem urbanizadas. A microbacia hidrográfica do córrego da Cachoeirinha está localizada no município de Lençóis Paulista, Centro-Oeste do Estado de São Paulo e inserida entre as coordenadas UTM N: 7.492.000 e 7.500.000 m e UTM E: 726.000 e 730.000 m, fuso 22 K, encontrando-se a uma altitude de 517 a 646 m, acima do nível do mar. Ocupa uma área de 15,71 km², sendo integrante da 13º Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos do Estado de São Paulo (UGRHI), na bacia hidrográfica do Tietê/Jacaré (UGRHI - 13). Dentre as metodologias de extensão da série histórica de dados fluviométricos inferior a três (3) anos, foi utilizado para os cálculos hidrológicos / Abstract: The urbanization leads to a decrease in the vegetation cover and in the soil waterproofing, directing a major part of the pluvial water in to a superficial drainage, due to the reduction of infiltration, besides of diminishing the recharge of aquifers and the decrease of the natural damping capacity of the watersheds. The consequence of this process it is an increase in the drain aged volumes and in the flow surges, at the same time that occurs the reduction of time concerning the concentration of rain water, causing critical floods events. From this premise it is essential the realization of studies which provide a forecast about the hydrologic aspects in watersheds, mainly in those where it is need urbanization, as in the case of the micro watershed of Cachoeirinha stream. The present paper has the objective of studying the environmental conditions, the morphometry, and the hydrographic variations of the micro watershed of Cachoeirinha stream relating the superficial flow of the rain water with the guidelines of urbanization, but mainly this paper concerns about the influence of the soil waterproofing in the hydrologic process in the hydrographic watersheds in urbanized areas or those ones which are meant to be. The micro watershed of Cachoeirinha stream is located in Lençóis Paulista township, central west of Sao Paulo state between the coordinates: UTM N: 7.492.000 and 7.500.000 m and UTM E: 726.000 e 730.000 m, time zone 22K, in the altitude of 517 to 646 above the ocean level. It occupies an area of 15,71 km², and the town is part of the 13º "Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos do Estado de São Paulo (UGRHI)" in the Tietê/Jacaré (UGRHI - 13) watershed. Among the historical series of fluviatile data extension below three (3), it has been used for hydrological calculation the synthetic method of I-PAD-WU, with drainage areas from 2 to 200 km². The simulations which ... / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-12-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:00:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 navarro_ec_me_botfca.pdf: 2628938 bytes, checksum: 502a46daa5acbe94fd35c50264385ab4 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A urbanização acarreta a diminuição da cobertura vegetal e a impermeabilização do solo, direcionando maior parcela de água pluvial a um escoamento superficial, dada a redução da infiltração, além de diminuir a recarga dos aquíferos e queda da capacidade de amortecimento natural das bacias hidrográficas. A consequência deste processo é um aumento nos volumes escoados e nas vazões de pico, ao mesmo tempo em que ocorre a redução do tempo de concentração da água da chuva, provocando eventos de cheias cada vez mais críticos. Partindo desta premissa, torna-se fundamental a realização de estudos que forneçam prognósticos sobre estes aspectos hidrológicos em bacias hidrográficas, sobretudo em bacias a serem urbanizadas, como é o caso da microbacia hidrográfica do córrego da Cachoeirinha. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as condições ambientais, a morfometria e as variáveis hidrológicas da microbacia hidrográfica do córrego da Cachoeirinha, relacionando o escoamento superficial da água da chuva com parâmetros de urbanização, mas especificamente sobre a influência da impermeabilização do solo nos processos hidrológicos em bacias hidrográficas com áreas urbanizadas ou a serem urbanizadas. A microbacia hidrográfica do córrego da Cachoeirinha está localizada no município de Lençóis Paulista, Centro-Oeste do Estado de São Paulo e inserida entre as coordenadas UTM N: 7.492.000 e 7.500.000 m e UTM E: 726.000 e 730.000 m, fuso 22 K, encontrando-se a uma altitude de 517 a 646 m, acima do nível do mar. Ocupa uma área de 15,71 km², sendo integrante da 13º Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos do Estado de São Paulo (UGRHI), na bacia hidrográfica do Tietê/Jacaré (UGRHI – 13). Dentre as metodologias de extensão da série histórica de dados fluviométricos inferior a três (3) anos, foi utilizado para os cálculos hidrológicos / The urbanization leads to a decrease in the vegetation cover and in the soil waterproofing, directing a major part of the pluvial water in to a superficial drainage, due to the reduction of infiltration, besides of diminishing the recharge of aquifers and the decrease of the natural damping capacity of the watersheds. The consequence of this process it is an increase in the drain aged volumes and in the flow surges, at the same time that occurs the reduction of time concerning the concentration of rain water, causing critical floods events. From this premise it is essential the realization of studies which provide a forecast about the hydrologic aspects in watersheds, mainly in those where it is need urbanization, as in the case of the micro watershed of Cachoeirinha stream. The present paper has the objective of studying the environmental conditions, the morphometry, and the hydrographic variations of the micro watershed of Cachoeirinha stream relating the superficial flow of the rain water with the guidelines of urbanization, but mainly this paper concerns about the influence of the soil waterproofing in the hydrologic process in the hydrographic watersheds in urbanized areas or those ones which are meant to be. The micro watershed of Cachoeirinha stream is located in Lençóis Paulista township, central west of Sao Paulo state between the coordinates: UTM N: 7.492.000 and 7.500.000 m and UTM E: 726.000 e 730.000 m, time zone 22K, in the altitude of 517 to 646 above the ocean level. It occupies an area of 15,71 km², and the town is part of the 13º “Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos do Estado de São Paulo (UGRHI)” in the Tietê/Jacaré (UGRHI – 13) watershed. Among the historical series of fluviatile data extension below three (3), it has been used for hydrological calculation the synthetic method of I-PAD-WU, with drainage areas from 2 to 200 km². The simulations which ...

Orientadores: Jose Roberto Guimarães, Marco Tadeu Grassi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T03:05:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pusch_PatriciaBarcelos_M.pdf: 1166786 bytes, checksum: 849017d1ea150fb01446f7e377647ec5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A drenagem urbana tem sido identificada como fonte substancial de contaminantes para os corpos aquáticos. A lixiviação de materiais construtivos, os veículos e a deposição atmosférica aportam cargas significativas de metais para as águas de escoamento urbano. Foram determinadas as concentrações de Cd, Cu, Pb e Zn em amostras provindas de materiais construtivos e telhas; de partes integrantes de veículos, como óleo lubrificante; desgaste de pneus e freios, e da deposição atmosférica. Os metais Cd, Cu e Pb foram determinados por Espectroscopia de Absorção Atômica em Forno de Grafite (EAA-FG) e a determinação de Zn por Voltametria de Redissolução Anódica com Pulso Diferencial (VRAPD). Foram estimadas as cargas dos metais num cenário, as quais ficaram na ordem de kg ano-1. A tendência obtida foi Zn>>Pb>Cu>Cd. Foi simulada a aplicação de algumas medidas não estruturais no cenário, tais como regulamentação e educação ambiental. Estas medidas podem reduzir cerca de 10 % da carga de Cd, 33 % da carga de Cu, 24 % da carga de Pb e 24 % da carga de Zn. Observou-se a relevância das contribuições destas fontes difusas no processo de contaminação dos corpos aquáticos e que medidas não estruturais podem contribuir na redução dos impactos causados pelos metais / Abstract: The urban runoff has been identified as substantial source of pollutants for the aquatic bodies. The lixiviation of construction materials, the vehicles and atmospheric deposition contribute significantly to the input of metals in these waters. The concentration of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn was evaluated in samples obtained from constructive materials and roof, vehicle parts such as lubricating oil and wear of tires and brakes, and also from atmospheric deposition. Metals Cd, Cu and Pb were evaluated by an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer equipped with a Graphite Furnace (GFAAS) and Zn evaluation was carried out by Differencial Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (DPASV). The metals loads were estimated in a specific scenario and the resulting loads were in the order of kg year-1. The tendency was Zn>>Pb>Cu>Cd. The application of non-structural BMP, such as regulation and environmental education, was simulated in the scenario These BMP may reduce about 10 % of Cd load, 33 % of Cu load, 24% of Pb load and 24 % of Zn load. It was observed that the contribution of diffuse sources to the contamination of aquatic bodies is relevant and non-structural BMP may contribute to reduce the impacts caused by metals / Mestrado / Saneamento e Ambiente / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

M.Sc. / This dissertation establishes the present – day condition of the Hennops River in terms of its water quality and hydrological status. The Hennops River is situated between Johannesburg and Pretoria within the provincial boundaries of Gauteng. The province has a high population density and is regarded as the economic powerhouse of South Africa. As such, rivers flowing through Gauteng have become polluted by the different land uses and activities present in the province. The Hennops River itself has lost most of its aesthetic appeal and has become less useful for recreational and agricultural uses. Furthermore, the Hennops River has become a liability and concern in suburbs south of Pretoria and, more importantly, has become less suitable for sustaining aquatic ecosystems in some of its sections. The Hennops River, therefore, has an effect not only on the environment itself, but also in terms of social and economic aspects. Because of these concerns it was deemed necessary to determine the actual water quality conditions and associated problems prevailing in the Hennops River. Being fed by tributaries, these problems could not be overlooked and were also included in this study. In order to achieve the aim of the study a literature review concerning the concept of water quality and the different physical and chemical constituents affecting aquatic ecosystems needed to be conducted. Added to this, attention had to be given to the study area’s physical features and land uses having an effect on the catchment’s water quality and associated problems. A literature review on existing knowledge of the Hennops River and its principal tributaries was also conducted so that it could be determined whether these rivers have deteriorated over the past three decades. The most recent water quality data was not only compared against existing knowledge, but also in terms of the Target Water Quality Range for Aquatic Ecosystems as stipulated by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. This study showed that deterioration of the Hennops River has occurred since rapid urbanisation within its catchment started during the 1970’s. Most of the River’s water quality and associated problems can be ascribed to problems occurring further upstream in the form of the Kaalspruit and Olifantspruit flowing through formal and informal settlements, industrial areas and agricultural land. The water quality of these rivers and the upper Hennops River is the least suitable of the whole study area for aquatic ecosystem well-being. Not only is this a concern but additional hydrological problems occur as well. These include problems such as erosional activity of riverbeds and riverbanks and the silting-up of Centurion Lake. An urgent need exists for holistic catchment management and rehabilitative measures to be implemented to improve the ecological state of these rivers. Rehabilitative measures were proposed and are aimed at improving the water quality and associated problems of the Hennops River and its affected tributaries. It is concluded, therefore, that the status of the Hennops River is not going to improve without the implementation of rehabilitative measures that should form part of an environmental management plan.

Urban runoff is a non-point pollution source deteriorating water quality of natural watersystems. The composition of urban runoff vary depending on land use, seasonal changes anddifferent surfaces that come into contact with the water. Urban runoff often contain metals andAl, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn are of particular concern for the environment due to theirpotential toxicity. Metals in runoff can be present in different phases, associated with particles,colloids of different sizes or dissolved in the free phase. The different phases vary in size butalso overlap each other. Information about metal phases and species in runoff is essential tounderstanding metal transport and design runoff treatment systems.Membrane filtration followed by ultrafiltration is an established technique to distinguish theparticulate, colloidal and truly dissolved fractions. However, the “truly dissolved” fraction mayconstitute of the free phase, colloidal phase or both of them since the technique onlydiscriminates by size. Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) is a relatively new technique thatmeasures the labile fraction, sometimes referred to as the most bioavailable fraction. The labilefraction includes free metal ions and small complexes available to diffuse through a diffusivelayer under a reasonable period of time. Kinetically inert species are discriminated.The scope of this thesis was to investigate metal fractionation in snowmelt runoff from differenturban surfaces using two techniques, ultrafiltration and DGT. An additional aim was to studythe speciation described by the two techniques in the different types of runoff. Two types ofrunoff were sampled to conduct measurements on. Runoff from well-defined catchments (anindustrial area and a parking lot) and roof runoff from two roofing materials (zinc and coppersheet). In total, four runoff samples were membrane filtrated (pore size 0.45 μm) followed byeither ultrafiltration (delimiting 3 kNMWL) or DGT measurements in the laboratory. Analysisof metals was conducted in all steps and pH, electric conductivity, total suspended solids andtotal organic carbon was measured in the untreated samples.The results show that metal concentrations were generally higher in the catchment runoffcompared to the roof runoff with few exceptions, Cu and Pb from copper roof and Zn from zincroof. Regarding fractionation, the two types of runoff showed similarities when it came tometals mainly bound to particles. The metals that were abundant in several phases showeddifferent fractionations between the catchment runoff and the roof runoff. The metals releasedin roof runoff was to a higher extent found as free ions compared with the catchment runoff. Adiscussion was held about the different metal fractions and treatment possibilities. Comparingthe two techniques, the DGT measurements could be used to further interpret the results fromthe ultrafiltration regarding the colloidal and free phase. / Dagvatten är en diffus föroreningskälla som försämrar vattenkvalitén hos naturliga vattendrag.Samansättningen av föroreningar i dagvatten kan variera beroende på markanvändning,årstidsvariationer och de olika ytor som dagvattnet kommer i kontakt med. Dagvatten innehållerofta metaller och Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb och Zn kan vara toxiska för miljön i högakoncentrationer. Metaller i dagvatten kan förekomma i olika faser beroende på om de är bundnamed partiklar, kolloider av olika storlek eller om de är i löst fas. De olika faserna varierar istorlek men överlappar även varandra något. Kunskap om de olika faserna är viktigt förförståelsen om metallernas transportmekanismer och för att kunna designa eller förbättrareningssystem.Membranfiltrering följt av ultrafiltrering är en etablerad teknik för att särskilja partikulärtmaterial, kolloider och den sanna lösta fraktionen. Dock så kan den ”sanna lösta” fraktioneninnehålla antingen den kolloidala fasen, lösta fasen eller båda två eftersom tekniken baseras påstorleksfördelning. DGT (på engelska diffusive gradients in thin films) är en relativt ny tekniksom mäter den labila fraktionen som ibland benämns som den mest biotillgängliga fraktionen.Den labila fraktionen inkluderar fria metalljoner men även små komplex som kan diffunderagenom en diffusionsgel under en rimlig tidsperiod. Species som är kinetisk inerta kommer intemätas.Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka metallfraktionering i snösmälts-avrinning från olikaurbana ytor genom att använda två tekniker, ultrafiltrering och DGT. Ett delmål var även attgranska de species som beskrevs av de två teknikerna i de olika typerna av dagvatten. Två olikaslags dagvatten samlades in och undersöktes. Dagvatten från väldefinierade avrinningsområden(ett industriområde och en parkeringsplats) och takavrinning från två takmaterial (zink- ochkopparplåtar). Totalt fyra dagvattenprover genomgick membranfiltrering (porstorlek 0,45 μm)följt av antingen ultrafiltrering (avgränsning 3 kNMWL) eller DGT mätningar i laboratoriet.Metallanalyser genomfördes i alla steg och pH, konduktivitet, suspenderade partiklar ochorganiskt kol mättes på det obehandlade proverna.Resultaten visade att de uppmätta metallkoncentrationerna var generellt högre i takavrinningenjämfört med dagvattnet från de hela avrinningsområdena. Dock med några undantag, Cu ochPb från koppartak och Zn från zinktak. När det kom till fraktionering fanns det likheter mellanavrinning från hela områden och från taken beträffande de metaller som till största del varbundna till partiklar. Däremot var det skillnad mellan de olika avrinningstyperna gällandefraktionering av metallerna som förekom i flera av faserna. I takavrinningen fanns det i störreutsträckning metaller som fria joner jämfört med avrinningsområdena. En slutsats var att DGTmätningarna kunde användas till att tolka resultaten från ultrafiltreringen när det gälldekolloidala och fria faserna.

Då klimatförändringarna runt om i världen accelererar med torka så behöver man under regnperioder ta tillvara på dag- och gråvatten istället för att släppa ut det i dagvattensystemet. I Örebro, Sverige, finns en byggnad vid namn Citypassagen, som använder sig av ett system som spolar toaletter med uppsamlat regnvatten. Att spara dagvatten och använda som spolvatten är en smart lösning på vattenbrist, det kan dock föra in risker in i byggnaden som skulle kunna smitta människor som befinner sig vid och använder toaletterna. Detta tillsammans med riskerna vid gråvattenanvändning undersöks närmare i den här rapporten, samt att det undersöks om implementering av ett sådant system som använder dag- och gråvattnet för toalettspolning kan vara energieffektivt.Rapporten kommer fram till att det främst är bakterier och patogener som skulle kunna orsaka smitta hos människor vid användning av dessa dag- och gråvattenspolande toaletter, då de kan förekomma som aerosoler medan de andra undersökta områdena inte kan förekomma som aerosoler. Det fastställs även att energibesparing kan göras med ett spolvattensystem som använder sig av regnvatten då reningen inte kommer att bli lika omfattande som vid ett traditionellt reningsverk. Slutsatsen är att risker som legionella pneumophila kan smitta som aerosoler. Andra smittorisker är E-coli, Cryptosporidium och Giardia, patogener som kan återfinnas i gråvatten. Energibesparingar kan främst göras vid reningsprocessen, då samma rigorösa reningsprocess som återfinns i reningsverk inte krävs. / With accelerating climate change bringing droughts around the world, the necessity to use urban runoff and grey water as a resource grows. In Örebro, Sweden, there is a building called Citypassagen, which uses a system of collected rainwater for flushing of toilets. To use urban runoff for toilet flushing is a smart solution to shortage of water availability, though it can also mean the exposure of health risks to people who use the toilets. These risks, accompanied by the risks of grey water usage, are examined in this report, and also if the implementation of a system that uses urban runoff and grey water for toilet flushing can be viewed as a means to energy savings.This report finds that bacteria and pathogens are the primary source of potential infection when using urban runoff or grey water flushing toilets, because of their ability to occur as aerosols, unlike the other examined risks. It is also established that energy savings can be made with a flushing system that uses rainwater, because the purification process is not as extensive compared to the process used in a traditional treatment plant. The conclusion is that risks such as legionella pneumophila can infect as an aerosol. Other risks of infection are E-coli, Cryptosporidium and Giardia, pathogens that can be traced in grey water. Energy savings can primarily be achieved in the purification process, because the same rigorous process used in traditional treatment plants is not necessary.

Stormwater treatment is commonly performed with a combination of approaches including the utilization of natural systems and engineered devices. Before using a proprietary treatment instrument it is required to verify its performance and efficiency in reducing different pollution components including the TSS. Different states have developed strategies and regulations for accepting new instruments. In this thesis the stormwater management plan of the City of Portland, Oregon(2008), is analyzed in order to improve the current regulations. These rules apply to new technologies which are proposed by vendors to be used in Portland's stormwater treatment plans. Each requirement which should be met by the applying vendors is thoroughly analyzed followed by a comparison with the Stormwater management plan(2008)regulations of the state of Washington the so called Technology Assessment Plan-Ecology TAPE (Howie, 2011). Because of the similarities in the climate and land use between these two testing frameworks in order to evaluate the potential applicability of data submitted by vendors who had devices approved by Washington, to be utilized by Portland. The treatment of total suspended solids (TSS) is the focus of this thesis since it is central to the testing process and since most of the other pollutions are attached to TSS and will get treated if TSS is treated. The overall analysis shows that Portland adopts more restrictive requirements on the characterization of stormwater event samples to be treated by a technological instrument while Washington's restriction are more stringent on the efficiency of total suspended solid removal, in which it demands higher standards on the treatment of TSS compared to Portland's efficiency requirements. In order to study practical context in which regulations are administrated by Portland, rainfall data from 66 gauges covering the period of 1980-2011 was studied and the impacts of seasonality, land use, land form, periods of no rain before and after an event and Portland's Modified Performance line on the number of accepted rain events were analyzed. The results which were accepted by state of Washington were also compared with the results accepted by the city of Portland on Portland's Standard Performance line. Our seasonality study suggests that Portland's requirements are unnecessarily restrictive which results in the disqualification of many otherwise useful stormwater events, sometimes allowing no natural events to be available for testing in dry years. The analysis of land use showed that land use has no statistically significant impact on the concentration levels of TSS, thereby indicating that land use restrictions in the testing rules could be usefully relaxed. Decreasing the interevent no-rain period significantly increases the total number of events providing sufficient data to assess the performance of treatment facilities. We also showed that many more events become suitable for performance testing if events separated by one hours or less are considered a single, longer event. Finally we identified a statistical relationship between number of forecasted accepted stormwater events and the total average daily precipitation in a given year.