Thesis title: Urgent and unrepeatable acts Abstract Urgent and unrepeatable acts are procedural acts of criminal proceedings that have two opposite aspects. On the one hand, there is an interest in combating crime, and an urgent or unrepeatable act can help law enforcement authorities to obtain evidence that might not be possible to prove at later stages of the criminal proceedings (whether after the prosecution or the proceedings before court), if the law enforcement authorities did not intervene without undue delay. On the other hand, the urgent and unrepeatable acts could be a significant interference with the rights of the defense, especially in cases where they are carried out before the prosecution begins. This is why there are special provision on the requirements for urgent or unrepeatable acts in the Criminal Procedure Code. The aim of the thesis was to analyze selected questions within the topic of urgent and unrepeatable acts, which are currently discussed mainly due to their insufficient legal regulation, and to propose de lege ferenda solution, if possible. These sub-themes included: (i) the requirements of the urgent and unrepeatable acts, in particular with regards to the misconduct of law enforcement authorities in meeting the requirement of proper justification of the urgency and...

Situado no centro do sistema jurídico transnacional da lex mercatoria, o árbitro é autoridade estrangeira em relação ao juiz nacional do foro. O sistema da lex mercatoria se distingue do nacional pela sensibilidade de suas reações aos ruídos provenientes do sistema da economia, não pelo vinculo a território. O árbitro não tem foro, tem setor; fora dele, a arbitragem se adapta mal. Por impor limites à função jurisdicional do Estado-juiz, a convenção de arbitragem constitui regra de competência internacional do juiz do foro e, de competência internacional indireta do árbitro e dos juízes estrangeiros. Profere sentença inexistente o juiz nacional que atropela as regras de sua jurisdição internacional. Também não ingressam no sistema do foro as decisões proferidas por quem não se adeque às regras de jurisdição internacional indireta do foro. Isso ocorre quando a sentença arbitral ou o julgamento estrangeiro em lide cujo objeto é a própria arbitragem agridem a intensidade que o foro atribui aos efeitos negativos da competência-competência e da convenção de arbitragem. O efeito negativo da competência-competência não decorre da convenção de arbitragem, mas da proteção que o ordenamento outorga à mera aparência. Os efeitos da convenção de arbitragem dizem respeito ao mérito das lides, o negativo e o positivo. Aquele, como o negativo da competência-competência, ostenta natureza de direito público subjetivo. Este, de direito privado subjetivo. Todos constituem direito subjetivo em sentido técnico, na medida em que permitem provocar o Estado-juiz com o fito de apoiar a instauração da instância ou assegurar o afastamento do próprio Estado-juiz. O paralelismo processual tem origens distintas segundo ocorra entre autoridades vinculadas ao mesmo sistema ou a sistemas distintos. Na primeira hipótese, decorre de error in judicando; na segunda, é consequência natural da ausência de harmonia entre os sistemas. Entre árbitro e juiz, não se resolve com remédios concebidos para o conflito de competências, como a litispendência ou o incidente constitucional perante o STJ. Só uma estrutura convencional de acoplamento entre sistemas permitiria a harmonização. Já o efeito negativo da convenção de arbitragem pode ser mitigado em função de risco de denegação de justiça, para devolver ao Estado-juiz a jurisdição de urgência ou a necessária ao julgamento de pretensões do devedor em dificuldades. A abertura da falência não interfere na capacidade do credor ou na natureza de seus bens ou direitos, não suspende a tramitação da arbitragem e não impede a instauração de novas instâncias. É válida a convenção de arbitragem estipulada após a falência e a massa tem o direito de participar da arbitragem, junto com o devedor. / The transnational legal system of lex mercatoria is not linked to a given territory. Its differentiation from the civil justice system is based upon its capacity to react to the needs of the economy. The fact that the arbitrator is positioned in the center of the lex mercatoria system makes the arbitrator foreign to the courts and its legal system. By imposing limits upon the jurisdictional State function, the arbitration agreement and its regulation serves as an international jurisdiction rule for the forum court. It also works as an indirect international jurisdiction rule through which the national court inspects the jurisdiction of an arbitrator or a given foreign court. National courts decisions that are rendered in disregard of international jurisdiction rules are non-existent. Foreign decisions that are incompatible with indirect international jurisdiction rules must be set aside by the forum courts. This is the case when arbitral awards and foreign judgments related to arbitration are disrespectful to the forum criterions binding the negative effect of the competence-competence and to the negative effect of the arbitration agreement. The negative effect of competence-competence is not a consequence of the agreement to arbitrate, but of the protection that the legal system gives to its mere appearance. The effects of the arbitration agreement concern the merits of the disputes, the negative and the positive. The former, as well as the negative effect of the competence-competence principle, are in nature of subjective public law. The latter is of the nature of subjective private law. All constitute subjective rights in the technical sense, in the way in which they allow the court system to support the commencement of proceedings or to ensure the removal of the national courts. Procedural parallelism has different origins depending upon whether it occurs among arbitrator and courts belonging to the same legal system of the court deciding the conflict or to a different one. In the first hypothesis, it originates from error in judicando; in the second, it is a natural consequence of the lack of harmony between the systems. Between arbitrator and judge, such lack of harmony cannot be resolved through the remedies created to address jurisdictional conflict, such as lis pendens or the constitutional incident before Brazils STJ. Only by coupling different legal systems through conventional structure would harmonization arise. The negative effect of the arbitration agreement is mitigated by conferring upon courts jurisdiction for the grant of interim and provisional measures based on the risk of denial of justice. By its turn, a bankruptcy filing does not interfere with the creditors capacity nor with the nature of its assets or rights, and it does not suspend the arbitration proceeding or the commencement of new proceedings. The agreement to arbitrate after the initiation of bankruptcy proceedings is valid and the estate-in-bankruptcy may participate in the arbitration along with the debtor.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Carnio Costa.pdf: 522099 bytes, checksum: 9573a1f329611cf1da1f72d1db48c8b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-21 / This thesis aims to demonstrate that it is legal and an ethical duty of the judge to act without request of the parties in order to prevent the risk of ineffectiveness of Justice, especially in the class actions, by providing urgent measures. The effectiveness of Justice is a matter of fundamental importance to the rights in postmodern society. Hence the need to analyze adequately the management by the judge of provisional and urgent measures that guarantee the effectiveness of the judicial action as well as the usefulness and appropriateness of a judicial decision, especially in the cases of collective dimensions. In this context, the present work demonstrates that this way to deal with the conduction of the case by the judge is according to constitutional principles and legal rules applicable to individual and class actions / A presente tese de Doutorado tem por objetivo demonstrar que é dever legal e ético do magistrado determinar medidas cautelares e antecipativas independentemente de pedido da parte no processo coletivo. A efetividade da Justiça é tema de fundamental importância para o direito na sociedade pós-moderna. Daí a necessidade de analisar-se de forma adequada o manejo, pelo juiz, das medidas de urgência, garantidoras da efetividade do processo, bem como da utilidade e adequação da decisão judicial, notadamente nas lides de dimensões coletivas. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho demonstra que a atuação de ofício do magistrado é decorrência da interpretação dos princípios constitucionais aplicáveis ao processo coletivo, bem como da utilização adequada e diferenciada dos instrumentos legais previstos na legislação infraconstitucional de regência

1. INTRODUCTION Spontaneous pneumothorax is one of the most common types of aeropathic syndrome, caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, tuberculosis and complicated lung cancer. Nearly two hundred years have passed since the first description of the first cases of pneumothorax. Although during this period the scientist´s view of the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment methods has changed, a number of issues related to the diagnostics and treatment of this complication of pulmonary diseases remain unsolved. The aim of the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax is to remove the cause of this condition, to perform the decompression of the pleural cavity, to induce the obliteration of the pleural cavity and to prevent the recurrence of the disease. Pleural puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity are not sufficiently effective – the incidence of incomplete lung expansion and rapid recurrence of the disease (relapse) reaches 25% [Mova VA, 1999]. Urgent thoracotomy is performed in cases when the drainage of the pleural cavity fails to reduce the symptoms of the aeropathic syndrome and breathing and blood circulation insufficiency caused by the spontaneous pneumothorax. Frequently thoracotomy is performed after pleural drainage in cases of exudative pleuritis or starting pleural empyema. The postoperative period is marked by a large number of complications and prolongation of hospital stay, and post-operative mortality in the group of geriatric... [to full text]

The increasing importance of computer leads to develop new manufacturing methods. One of the most important example / &ldquo / unmanned shop floor&rdquo / model aims, the mankind can work in jobs that they can be more efficient and more comfortable. As the base of this model, in Middle East Technical University Computer Integrated Manufacturing Laboratory (METUCIM) &ldquo / Agent Version 1.1&rdquo / system is developed. Windows Distributed Internet Applications (DNA) modeling technique is used for the software development. In the developed system, by using web pages, one can give work orders to the flexible manufacturing cell in METUCIM. The manufacturing capabilities of the cell are limited by the capabilities of CNC Lathe and CNC Milling machine that exist in the system. By the developed agent based dynamic scheduling method, it is prevented to be only an experimental system for the manufacturing cell. The real manufacturing environment is adapted to the cell that it is possible to give unlimited number of work orders. The work orders can be queued and manufactured according to their &ldquo / priorities&rdquo / . By the &ldquo / web-cam&rdquo / application the given work orders can be watched from the web site so the system reliability is increased for the engineer. In the real manufacturing environment it is very frequent that the &ldquo / urgent part&rdquo / is needed to manufacture. In this system it is possible to give &ldquo / urgent orders&rdquo / for these situations.

Readiness of the urgent reception to mass disasters This thesis is dedicated to the readiness of the urgent reception to mass disasters. It deals with the history, evolution and the current state of the urgent reception, both in the Czech Republic in the first place and in the world. Within the scope of this thesis I focus mainly on the work scope of the urgent receptions in dependence to their structure, equipment and their actual preparedness to deal with mass accidents. I focus besides other things on technical equipment of the urgent receptions, which is in frames of the Czech Republic very heterogeneous, but totally crucial to handle possible mass accident. A very import aspect is the matter of education and further training of the medical employees on all levels. It concerns not only medical positions, but also nurses and auxiliary staff. The question of the conditions severity of the admitted patients, their classification according to these conditions and transparent processing of the information about them cannot be passed over. Furthermore the thesis discusses emergency medicine as a discipline and the direction it should, in my opinion, further be heading in order to improve the functioning of the present system of pre-hospital and hospital emergency care. Urgent receptions in the Czech Republic represent a relatively new thing, which results into certain ambivalence of their concept and structure. Each urgent reception is somehow original and adapted to the requirements of the founder and the local situation. There is one thing the urgent receptions have in common, overload with patients who fall into the competence of practitioners. This is associated with the financial loss-making of these departments within the medical facilities. This, especially in the case of the private hospitals, leads to a reluctance of the founder to invest to the urgent reception. In this thesis I mention legal framework, contingency planning in the Czech Republic, contingency plans, their content purpose and type plan with its importance for solving crisis events. Another plan that is resolved in my thesis and that has crucial importance especially, for urgent receptions is the trauma plan of medical facility whose application into practice in the Czech Republic in many health care facilities is very problematic. And the practice of the trauma plan activation itself is, according to my research, the prerogative of only a very small amount of medical facilities.

For this final paper, I chose a rather serious topic that is very topical in our society. Hazardous chemical substance ? ammonia ? is used very widely at present. Ammonia is used as a coolant in various plants. I have compiled a list of all plants in South Bohemia that work with ammonia, including ice rinks. I characterized the properties of ammonia, what damage it causes to the human organism and the environment. I noted a list of accidents during which there have been ammonia leakages of ammonia and I analyzed one accident using a software programme called TerEx. I chose the building of the ice rink in České Budějovice for my research. The objective was to determine the amount of ammonia and to simulate, using the TerEx software programme, an accident with a potential ammonia leakage from the ice rink. I also listed all the activities of the individual components of the Integrated Rescue System, which would help during such an accident, as well as urgent and follow-up measures that would be used. Having assessed the results I came to the conclusion that ammonia leakage from the ice rink would have serious impacts on the residents of České Budějovice. Finally I explained what the terms of evacuation and individual protection mean for the people lining around the ice rink.

Situado no centro do sistema jurídico transnacional da lex mercatoria, o árbitro é autoridade estrangeira em relação ao juiz nacional do foro. O sistema da lex mercatoria se distingue do nacional pela sensibilidade de suas reações aos ruídos provenientes do sistema da economia, não pelo vinculo a território. O árbitro não tem foro, tem setor; fora dele, a arbitragem se adapta mal. Por impor limites à função jurisdicional do Estado-juiz, a convenção de arbitragem constitui regra de competência internacional do juiz do foro e, de competência internacional indireta do árbitro e dos juízes estrangeiros. Profere sentença inexistente o juiz nacional que atropela as regras de sua jurisdição internacional. Também não ingressam no sistema do foro as decisões proferidas por quem não se adeque às regras de jurisdição internacional indireta do foro. Isso ocorre quando a sentença arbitral ou o julgamento estrangeiro em lide cujo objeto é a própria arbitragem agridem a intensidade que o foro atribui aos efeitos negativos da competência-competência e da convenção de arbitragem. O efeito negativo da competência-competência não decorre da convenção de arbitragem, mas da proteção que o ordenamento outorga à mera aparência. Os efeitos da convenção de arbitragem dizem respeito ao mérito das lides, o negativo e o positivo. Aquele, como o negativo da competência-competência, ostenta natureza de direito público subjetivo. Este, de direito privado subjetivo. Todos constituem direito subjetivo em sentido técnico, na medida em que permitem provocar o Estado-juiz com o fito de apoiar a instauração da instância ou assegurar o afastamento do próprio Estado-juiz. O paralelismo processual tem origens distintas segundo ocorra entre autoridades vinculadas ao mesmo sistema ou a sistemas distintos. Na primeira hipótese, decorre de error in judicando; na segunda, é consequência natural da ausência de harmonia entre os sistemas. Entre árbitro e juiz, não se resolve com remédios concebidos para o conflito de competências, como a litispendência ou o incidente constitucional perante o STJ. Só uma estrutura convencional de acoplamento entre sistemas permitiria a harmonização. Já o efeito negativo da convenção de arbitragem pode ser mitigado em função de risco de denegação de justiça, para devolver ao Estado-juiz a jurisdição de urgência ou a necessária ao julgamento de pretensões do devedor em dificuldades. A abertura da falência não interfere na capacidade do credor ou na natureza de seus bens ou direitos, não suspende a tramitação da arbitragem e não impede a instauração de novas instâncias. É válida a convenção de arbitragem estipulada após a falência e a massa tem o direito de participar da arbitragem, junto com o devedor. / The transnational legal system of lex mercatoria is not linked to a given territory. Its differentiation from the civil justice system is based upon its capacity to react to the needs of the economy. The fact that the arbitrator is positioned in the center of the lex mercatoria system makes the arbitrator foreign to the courts and its legal system. By imposing limits upon the jurisdictional State function, the arbitration agreement and its regulation serves as an international jurisdiction rule for the forum court. It also works as an indirect international jurisdiction rule through which the national court inspects the jurisdiction of an arbitrator or a given foreign court. National courts decisions that are rendered in disregard of international jurisdiction rules are non-existent. Foreign decisions that are incompatible with indirect international jurisdiction rules must be set aside by the forum courts. This is the case when arbitral awards and foreign judgments related to arbitration are disrespectful to the forum criterions binding the negative effect of the competence-competence and to the negative effect of the arbitration agreement. The negative effect of competence-competence is not a consequence of the agreement to arbitrate, but of the protection that the legal system gives to its mere appearance. The effects of the arbitration agreement concern the merits of the disputes, the negative and the positive. The former, as well as the negative effect of the competence-competence principle, are in nature of subjective public law. The latter is of the nature of subjective private law. All constitute subjective rights in the technical sense, in the way in which they allow the court system to support the commencement of proceedings or to ensure the removal of the national courts. Procedural parallelism has different origins depending upon whether it occurs among arbitrator and courts belonging to the same legal system of the court deciding the conflict or to a different one. In the first hypothesis, it originates from error in judicando; in the second, it is a natural consequence of the lack of harmony between the systems. Between arbitrator and judge, such lack of harmony cannot be resolved through the remedies created to address jurisdictional conflict, such as lis pendens or the constitutional incident before Brazils STJ. Only by coupling different legal systems through conventional structure would harmonization arise. The negative effect of the arbitration agreement is mitigated by conferring upon courts jurisdiction for the grant of interim and provisional measures based on the risk of denial of justice. By its turn, a bankruptcy filing does not interfere with the creditors capacity nor with the nature of its assets or rights, and it does not suspend the arbitration proceeding or the commencement of new proceedings. The agreement to arbitrate after the initiation of bankruptcy proceedings is valid and the estate-in-bankruptcy may participate in the arbitration along with the debtor.

Health portals are dedicated web pages for medical practices to provide patients access to their electronic health records. The problem identified in this quality improvement project was that the health portal in the urgent care setting had not been available to staff nor patients. To provide leadership with information related to opening the portal, the first purpose of the project was to assess staff and patients' perceived use, ease of use, attitude toward using, and intention to use the portal. The second purpose was to evaluate the portal education materials for the top 5 urgent care diagnoses: diabetes, hypertension, asthma, otitis media, and bronchitis for understandability and actionability using the Patient Education Material Assessment Tool, Simple Measures of Goobledygook, and the Up to Date application. The first purpose was framed within the technology acceptance model which used a 26-item Likert scale ranging from -3 (total disagreement) to +3 (total agreement). The staff (n = 8) and patients (n = 75) perceived the portal as useful (62%; 60%), easy to use (72%; 70%), expressed a positive attitude toward using (71%; 73%), and would use the technology (54%; 70%). All materials were deemed understandable (74%-95%) with 70% being the acceptable percentage. Diabetes, otitis media, and bronchitis were deemed actionable (71-100%), but hypertension (57%) and asthma (40%) had lower actionability percentages. Hypertension, asthma, and otitis media had appropriate reading levels (6-8th grade). However, diabetes (10th grade) and bronchitis (12th grade) were higher with the target being less than 8th grade level. All handouts were found to be evidence-based. Recommendations were to revise the diabetes and bronchitis educational handouts to improve readability. Social change can be promoted by this project by facilitating positive patient outcomes at urgent care clinics.

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Text in Afrikaans / In hierdie proefskrif word daar gekonsentreer op die bewyslas in die nywerheidshof omdat die nywerheidshof se benadering met betrekking tot die bewyslas verskil van geval tot gevaL afhangende van die aard van die regshulp waarvoor die party je die nywerheidshof nader. In die tweede plek volg 'n bespreking van hoe en deur wie die voorlegging van getuienis aan die nywerheidshof mag geskied, hetsy by wyse van dokumente of getuies en daarbenewens oak 'n bespreking van watter soort getuienis aan die nywerheidshof voorgele mag word met spesifieke verwysing na inter alia, klankopnames, videobande en die resultate van leuenverklikkertoetse. / In this thesis there will be concentrated on the burden of proof in the industrial court because the industrial court's approach in regard to the burden of proof differs from case to case, depending on the nature of the legal aid for which the party /ies approaches the industrial court. In the second place a discussion will follow of how and by whom the presenting of evidence can be done, whether by documents or by witnesses, and in addition thereto also a discussion on which sort of evidence can be presented to the industrial court with specific reference to, inter alia, taperecordings, video tapes and the results of lie-detector tests. / Private Law / LL.M. (Handelsreg)