<p>This thesis presents a design work in which one platform specific User Interface (UI) is redesigned to fit into the multiple platform range of a software application. Among other design methods a service design analysis and a platform general UI framework are used. The thesis aims to study the impact of these methods.</p><p>The service design analysis starts with a workshop which outcome is used as reference point during the design process and later in the analysis of the results. The general framework is extracted from existing mobile implementations of the software and is used as a guideline in the design of the platform specific solution.</p><p>The results presented show that the service design perspective added high level priority tools to the process, and there are indications that this method can be even more valuable in earlier stages of adaptation of software to new platforms. The general framework is shown to have contributed on a more detailed level and there is indication that this method can facilitate the work of obtaining continuity between platforms.</p>

<p>The Mobile phone has contributed to massive changes in the way that human beings communicate with each other and is a part of society’s globalization. Opinions differ in the area of user interface where some feel that mobile phones exclude users such as senior citizens or users with an intellectual or a physical disability.</p><p>Universal Design –‘design for all’, is a vision that intends to bring about settings, products and services that suits as many people as possible irrespective of an individual’s needs and prospects. The criteria for ‘design for all’ are among other things flexibility, user friendliness, comprehensibility and a high tolerance for mistakes.</p><p>The purpose of this essay was to investigate the mobile phones graphic user-interface from the theory of a universal design. From this general purpose the study looked more closely at senior citizens perspective of mobile phones graphic user-interface. To achieve empirical support for the study a qualitative method in the form of interviews was used. All of the individuals that participated in the study felt that the mobile phone is a very good and beneficial invention. Mobile phones bring about a feeling of security and safety since one can always reach family and friends in the event of a crisis. The participants were included in the study if they were capable of using mobile phones to reach others and for others to reach them. However, individual’s that did not have the technical ability to understand the other possible functions of the user-interface were excluded from the study. It is difficult to provide a interface that is Universal, because every individual is unique.</p>

<p>Klassisk mus-interaktion har begränsningen att bara en punkt kan aktiveras på skärmen i taget. Interaktionen med de flesta applikationer blir, på grund av detta, sekventiell vilket kan vara en begränsning eftersom människan är van att utforska problem simultant med båda händerna. Flerpunktspekskärmar är en relativt ny teknik som möjliggör nya interaktionsmöjligheter där flera pekpunkter kan vara aktiva simultant. Det här examensarbetet fokuserar på problemen kring att skapa en applikation med användargränssnitt för flerpunktspekskärmar. Applikationen som utvecklats har en grundstruktur vilken är möjlig att vidareutveckla och på så sätt anpassas för att passa nya behov, till skillnad från de implementationer som granskats vid förstudien vilka fokuserar på att lösa specifika problem. Under examensarbetet har också en flerpunktspekskärm byggts av komponenter som kunnat köpas i detaljhandeln.</p> / <p>Classical mouse interaction is limited in that only a single screen point at a time can be activated. Most application interaction is, due to this, performed in a sequential manner. This may be a limiting factor as humans by nature explore problems with both hands simultaneously. Multi-touch screens are a relatively new type of technology that enables new ways of interaction where multiple touch points can exist simultaneously. This thesis focuses on the problem with developing an application with a user interface designed for multi-touch screens. The application that has been developed defines a base structure from which future applications can be developed, unlike implementations examined in the feasibility study which mainly focus on solving specific problems. A multi-touch screen is also built using standard off the shelf components.</p>

The Mobile phone has contributed to massive changes in the way that human beings communicate with each other and is a part of society’s globalization. Opinions differ in the area of user interface where some feel that mobile phones exclude users such as senior citizens or users with an intellectual or a physical disability. Universal Design –‘design for all’, is a vision that intends to bring about settings, products and services that suits as many people as possible irrespective of an individual’s needs and prospects. The criteria for ‘design for all’ are among other things flexibility, user friendliness, comprehensibility and a high tolerance for mistakes. The purpose of this essay was to investigate the mobile phones graphic user-interface from the theory of a universal design. From this general purpose the study looked more closely at senior citizens perspective of mobile phones graphic user-interface. To achieve empirical support for the study a qualitative method in the form of interviews was used. All of the individuals that participated in the study felt that the mobile phone is a very good and beneficial invention. Mobile phones bring about a feeling of security and safety since one can always reach family and friends in the event of a crisis. The participants were included in the study if they were capable of using mobile phones to reach others and for others to reach them. However, individual’s that did not have the technical ability to understand the other possible functions of the user-interface were excluded from the study. It is difficult to provide a interface that is Universal, because every individual is unique.

<p>Many Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) found in coding or regulatory regions within the human genome lead to phenotypic differences that make prediction of physical appearance, based on genetic analysis, potentially useful in forensic investigations. Complex traits such as pigmentation can be predicted from the genome sequence, provided that genes with strong effects on the trait exist and are known. Phenotypic traits may also be associated with variations in gene expression due to the presence of SNPs in promoter regions. In this project, the identification of genes associated with these physical traits of potential forensic relevance have been collated from the literature using a text mining platform and hand curation. The SNPs associated with these genes have been acquired from public SNP repositories such as the International HapMap project, dbSNP and Ensembl. Characterization of different population groups based on the SNPs has been performed and the results and data stored in a MySQL database. This database contains SNP genotyping data with respect to physical phenotypic differences of forensic interest. The potential forensicrelevance of the SNP information contained in this database has been verified through in silico SNP analysis aimed at establishing possible relationships between SNP occurrence and phenotype. The software used for this analysis is MATCH&trade / .</p>

I den här uppsatsen har faktorer för en ökad användaracceptans och diffusion av Video on demand(VOD)-tjänster identifierats med hjälp av en litteraturgenomgång av tidigare studier i acceptans och diffusion. Litteraturgenomgången ligger till grund för en lista av faktorer som gör en konsument mer villig att anamma en VOD-tjänst. Faktorerna har sedan utvärderas genom en kvantitativ undersökning med hjälp av en webbenkät. Resultatet blev i stor grad det som förväntat där det framgår att utbud och kostnad är de viktigaste faktorerna för en hög acceptans, men även andra faktorer kan spela in som användarvänlighet, kvalitet och sociala faktorer. / This paper has identified factors for increased user acceptance and diffusion of Video on Demand(VOD) services through a literature review of previous studies. The literature review was used to make a list of factors that make a consumer more willing to use a VOD service. The factors are then evaluated through a quantitative study using an online questionnaire. The result was to a large degree what was expected, which shows that content and cost are the main factors for a high acceptance, but other factors may play in as well such as ease-of-use, quality, and social factors.

We investigate, model, and design interaction techniques for hand occlusion with direct pen input. Our focus on occlusion follows from a qualitative and quantitative study of direct pen usability with a conventional graphical user interface (GUI). This study reveals overarching problems relating to poor precision, ergonomics, cognitive differences, limited input, and problems resulting from occlusion. To investigate occlusion more closely, we conduct three formal experiments to examine its area and shape, its affect on performance, and compensatory postures. We find that the shape of the occluded area varies across participants with some common characteristics. Our results provide evidence that occlusion affects target selection performance: especially for continuous tasks or when the goal is initially hidden. We observe how users contort their wrist posture during a simultaneous monitoring task, and show this can increase task time. Based on these investigations, we develop a five parameter geometric model to represent the shape of the occluded area and extend this to a user configurable, real-time version. To evaluate our model, we introduce a novel analytic testing methodology using optimization for geometric fitting and precision-recall statistics for comparison; as well as conducting a user study. To address problems with occlusion, we introduce the notion of occlusion-aware interfaces: techniques which can use our configurable model to track currently occluded regions and then counteract potential problems and/or utilize the occluded area. As a case study, we present the Occlusion-Aware Viewer: an interaction technique which displays otherwise missed previews and status messages in a non-occluded area. Within this thesis we also present a number of methodology contributions for quantitative and qualitative study design, multi-faceted study logging using synchronized video, qualitative analysis, image-based analysis, task visualization, optimization-based analytical testing, and user interface image processing.

We investigate, model, and design interaction techniques for hand occlusion with direct pen input. Our focus on occlusion follows from a qualitative and quantitative study of direct pen usability with a conventional graphical user interface (GUI). This study reveals overarching problems relating to poor precision, ergonomics, cognitive differences, limited input, and problems resulting from occlusion. To investigate occlusion more closely, we conduct three formal experiments to examine its area and shape, its affect on performance, and compensatory postures. We find that the shape of the occluded area varies across participants with some common characteristics. Our results provide evidence that occlusion affects target selection performance: especially for continuous tasks or when the goal is initially hidden. We observe how users contort their wrist posture during a simultaneous monitoring task, and show this can increase task time. Based on these investigations, we develop a five parameter geometric model to represent the shape of the occluded area and extend this to a user configurable, real-time version. To evaluate our model, we introduce a novel analytic testing methodology using optimization for geometric fitting and precision-recall statistics for comparison; as well as conducting a user study. To address problems with occlusion, we introduce the notion of occlusion-aware interfaces: techniques which can use our configurable model to track currently occluded regions and then counteract potential problems and/or utilize the occluded area. As a case study, we present the Occlusion-Aware Viewer: an interaction technique which displays otherwise missed previews and status messages in a non-occluded area. Within this thesis we also present a number of methodology contributions for quantitative and qualitative study design, multi-faceted study logging using synchronized video, qualitative analysis, image-based analysis, task visualization, optimization-based analytical testing, and user interface image processing.

Every day more and more users with different abilities and/or temporally or permanent disabilities are accessing the Web, and many of them have difficulties in reaching the desired information. However, the development of this kind of software is complicated for several reasons. Though some of them are technological, the majority are related with the need to compose different and, many times, unrelated design concerns which may be functional as in the case of most of the application’s requirements, or non- functional such as Accessibility. Even though, there is a huge number of tools and proposals to help developers assess Accessibility of Web applications, looking from the designer perspective, there is no such a similar situation. It seems that creating accessible Web sites is more expensive and complicated than creating Web sites and then assessing/modifying them. Although this feeling somehow seems to be true, addressing Accessibility at early design, not only has a significant impact on Web site quality, but also avoids subsequent efforts to return accessible fully developed applications. In this thesis, we present a novel approach to conceive, design and develop Accessible Web applications using concepts from Aspect-Orientation. In order to accomplish our goal, we provide some modelling techniques that we explicitly developed for handling the non-functional, generic and crosscutting characteristics of Accessibility. Specifically, we have enriched the UID technique with integration points to record Accessibility concerns that will be taken into account when designing the user interface. Then, by instantiating the SIG template with association tables, we work on an abstract interface model with Accessibility softgoals to obtain a concrete and accessible interface model for the Web application being developed. We use a real application example to illustrate our ideas and point out the advantages of a clear separation of concerns throughout the development life-cycle. Thus, our proposal is based on recognized design techniques, which we embedded in a software tool, in order to facilitate the transfer of the approach to the industry. / Desarrollar aplicaciones Web Accesibles es en la actualidad una necesidad. Cada día más y más usuarios con capacidades diferentes y/o discapacidades temporales o permanentes acceden a la Web, y muchos de ellos tienen dificultades especiales para obtener la información deseada. Sin embargo, el desarrollo de este tipo de software Web es complicado por varias razones. Si bien algunas de estas son de índole tecnológicas, la mayoría están relacionadas con la necesidad de componer intereses de diseño distintos y muchas veces no relacionados entre sí, los cuales a su vez pueden ser funcionales, como lo son la mayoría de los requerimientos específicos de una aplicación, o no-funcionales, como lo es la Accesibilidad. Aún existiendo hoy en día un gran número de herramientas y propuestas para ayudar a los desarrolladores en la evaluación de la Accesibilidad de las aplicaciones Web, la situación no es la misma al observar desde la perspectiva del diseñador Web. Parece ser que diseñar sitios Web accesibles es más costoso y complejo que crear sitios Web y luego evaluarlos/modificarlos. A pesar de que este sentimiento puede ser ciertamente verdadero, los beneficios al modelar la Accesibilidad en etapas tempranas del diseño superan ampliamente las necesidades de un desarrollador al implementar esa Accesibilidad. En esta tesis, presentamos un enfoque original para concebir, diseñar y desarrollar aplicaciones Web Accesibles con una modalidad Orientada a Aspectos. Para alcanzar nuestro objetivo, ofrecemos algunas técnicas de modelado que desarrollamos específicamente para manejar las características no-funcionales, genéricas y transversales de la Accesibilidad como un interés de factor de calidad. Específicamente, enriquecimos los “User Interaction Diagrams” (UIDs) con puntos de integración, los cuales usamos durante el diseño de la interfaz de usuario, para razonar y documentar la Accesibilidad en la actividad de modelado. Luego, instanciando la plantilla del “Softgoal Interdependency Graph” (SIG) con las tablas de asociación, trabajamos en el modelo de interfaz abstracta (compuesta por “ontology widgets”) para obtener un modelo de interfaz concreta y accesible de la aplicación Web en desarrollo. Para ilustrar nuestras ideas y señalar las ventajas de una clara separación de intereses durante el ciclo de vida de desarrollo, utilizamos un ejemplo de aplicación real.

Nowadays, the establishment of new touch screen technology has changed significantly the way we navigate on the Internet. The requirement to design websites that adapt to various artifacts such as touch screen computers are increasingly a need to consider. The purpose of this study is to discover - What are the specific usability requirements should be addressed in designing of websites for touch screen computers? - In order to examine the essay’s question, it presents a study where five people visiting three different websites on the touch screen computer Ipad. The study was conducted using a participant and structured interview observation in form of a think-aloud method. With the help of video equipment, information was gathered. Respondent's discussions are presented and the study's results are analyzed using a qualitative procedure. The research has contributed mainly to individualize the possible usability problems that concerned interaction with websites on the touch screen computer Ipad. Based on the analysis and the qualitative study it has come usability requirements related to aspects of the website's navigation, interaction and feedback. / I dagens samhälle har etableringen av ny pekskärmsteknik betydligt ändrat vårt sätt att navigera på internet. Kravet på att utforma webbplatser som skall anpassas till olika artefakter så som pekskärmsdatorer blir allt mer ett behov att ta hänsyn till. Syftet med denna studie är att upptäcka ”Vilka särskilda användbarhetskrav bör ställas vid utformning av webbplatser för pekskärmsdatorer?” För att undersöka uppsatsens frågeställning presenteras en studie där fem personer besöker tre webbplatser på pekskärmsdatorn Ipad. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av en deltagande och strukturerad observationsintervju i form av en tänk-högt-metod. Med hjälp av videoutrustning samlades informationen in. Respondenternas samtal presenterades och studiens resultat analyserades med en kvalitativ procedur. Forskningen bidrog framförallt med information om att individualisera de möjliga användbarhetsproblem som finns vid interaktion med webbplatser på pekskärmsdatorn Ipad. Utifrån analysen och den kvalitativa underökningen har det kommit fram användbarhetskrav som rör aspekter inom webbplatsens navigering, interaktion och återkoppling.