<p>Denna rapport beskriver ett examensarbete för högskoleingenjörsexamen i datorteknik vid Växjö universitet, utfört av Philip Albertson. Vid företaget BSR i Växjö pågår utvecklingen av en ny teknik benämnd Web Based Diagnostics. Målet med projektet är att göra fordonsdiagnostik tillgängligt för bilägare till ett bra pris. Systemet består av tre delar; en modul som sätts i bilen, en server som hanterar informationen och en klient för att kunden ska kunna nå informationen. Min del i detta projekt var att identifiera hur sökta parametrar nås på CAN-bussen i bilar från VAG (Volkswagen Auto Group) och Saab. Företagets representanter var nöjda med resultatet då det utgör en bra grund för vidareutvecklingen av den prototyp för modulen som utvecklats av EDAB (Elektronik Design AB) i Sundsvall.</p> / <p>This abstract describes the bachelor degree thesis in computer technology at Växjö University written by Philip Albertson during the spring term of 2007. At the company BSR in Växjö, Sweden there is a new project under development called WBD – Web based diagnostics. The aim of the project is to make car diagnostics available to ordinary people at a decent cost. The system consists of three parts; a module to plug in the car, a server to handle the information and a client to allow the customers to reach the information about their car. My part in this project was to specify how to reach certain parameters on the CAN-bus in cars from VAG (Volkswagen Auto Group) and Saab. The company was satisfied with the results since they provided a good basis to further develop the module prototype built by the company EDAB (Elektronik Design AB) in Sundsvall, Sweden.</p>

Denna rapport beskriver ett examensarbete för högskoleingenjörsexamen i datorteknik vid Växjö universitet, utfört av Philip Albertson. Vid företaget BSR i Växjö pågår utvecklingen av en ny teknik benämnd Web Based Diagnostics. Målet med projektet är att göra fordonsdiagnostik tillgängligt för bilägare till ett bra pris. Systemet består av tre delar; en modul som sätts i bilen, en server som hanterar informationen och en klient för att kunden ska kunna nå informationen. Min del i detta projekt var att identifiera hur sökta parametrar nås på CAN-bussen i bilar från VAG (Volkswagen Auto Group) och Saab. Företagets representanter var nöjda med resultatet då det utgör en bra grund för vidareutvecklingen av den prototyp för modulen som utvecklats av EDAB (Elektronik Design AB) i Sundsvall. / This abstract describes the bachelor degree thesis in computer technology at Växjö University written by Philip Albertson during the spring term of 2007. At the company BSR in Växjö, Sweden there is a new project under development called WBD – Web based diagnostics. The aim of the project is to make car diagnostics available to ordinary people at a decent cost. The system consists of three parts; a module to plug in the car, a server to handle the information and a client to allow the customers to reach the information about their car. My part in this project was to specify how to reach certain parameters on the CAN-bus in cars from VAG (Volkswagen Auto Group) and Saab. The company was satisfied with the results since they provided a good basis to further develop the module prototype built by the company EDAB (Elektronik Design AB) in Sundsvall, Sweden.

This thesis describes a novel device, the Virtual Air Gap Variable Reactor (VAG-VR), which is capable of producing a continuously variable reactance by locally saturating a small section of the reactor core via an embedded dc control winding. Variable Reactors have many applications in the power industry such as control of line power flow, voltage regulation, reactive line compensation and limiting inrush currents. A variable reactor is most commonly implemented as a thyristor controlled reactor (TCR) by switching in and out a constant reactance to achieve an averaged variable reactance. By using a virtual air gap, a continuously variable reactance is possible. The VAG-VR offers a better dynamic response, without introducing the harmonics created by the thyristor switching of a TCR. The VAG-VR gives low triplen harmonics and therefore allows control of reactive power in single phase or unbalanced three phase systems as would be required in the distribution system. An experimental prototype VAG-VR was developed to investigate three main performance measures: steady state performance, dynamic response and harmonic performance. Over the operating range of the VAG-VR inductance was varied from 100% to 9% of its original value. The dynamic response of the VAG-VR is approximately one tenth of a cycle. This compares favorably to a TCR which responds in approximately half a cycle. Harmonics are also shown to be significantly reduced in the VAG-VR compared to the TCR. A dynamic model of the VAG-VR, suitable for incorporation into power system simulations, was developed and validated. Parameters were determined both experimentally and through finite element method (FEM) simulations. Both experimental and simulation results indicate that the VAG-VR offers a technically viable alternative to the TCR.

This thesis describes a novel device, the Virtual Air Gap Variable Reactor (VAG-VR), which is capable of producing a continuously variable reactance by locally saturating a small section of the reactor core via an embedded dc control winding. Variable Reactors have many applications in the power industry such as control of line power flow, voltage regulation, reactive line compensation and limiting inrush currents. A variable reactor is most commonly implemented as a thyristor controlled reactor (TCR) by switching in and out a constant reactance to achieve an averaged variable reactance. By using a virtual air gap, a continuously variable reactance is possible. The VAG-VR offers a better dynamic response, without introducing the harmonics created by the thyristor switching of a TCR. The VAG-VR gives low triplen harmonics and therefore allows control of reactive power in single phase or unbalanced three phase systems as would be required in the distribution system. An experimental prototype VAG-VR was developed to investigate three main performance measures: steady state performance, dynamic response and harmonic performance. Over the operating range of the VAG-VR inductance was varied from 100% to 9% of its original value. The dynamic response of the VAG-VR is approximately one tenth of a cycle. This compares favorably to a TCR which responds in approximately half a cycle. Harmonics are also shown to be significantly reduced in the VAG-VR compared to the TCR. A dynamic model of the VAG-VR, suitable for incorporation into power system simulations, was developed and validated. Parameters were determined both experimentally and through finite element method (FEM) simulations. Both experimental and simulation results indicate that the VAG-VR offers a technically viable alternative to the TCR.

<p>Den här rapporten beskriver ett examensarbete för högskoleingenjörsexamen i datorteknik vid Växjö universitet. Vid företaget BSR i Växjö pågår utvecklingen av ett diagnosverktyg benämt BSR Diagnostic Tool. Syftet med projektet är att kunna använda en hårdvaruklass som kommunikationsdel istället för diagnosverktyg från de olika biltillverkarna. Inom objektorienterad programmering är en klass ett avsnitt programkod som samlar en mängd relaterade attributer och funktioner för ett objekt. I rapporten beskrivs implementeringen av hårdvaruklassen samt tillhörande teori för kommunikationsbussen som används, nämligen CAN. BSR har redovisat vilka funktioner som bör finnas med i klassen genom att göra ett diagram med dessa. Målet i första hand var att få en fungerande kommunikation med styrenheter i en Saab. Testning har skett genom ett enkelt testprogram som ger möjlighet att skicka en fråga och få tillbaka ett svar från en styrenhet i fordonet genom hårdvaruklassen. Utvecklingen av systemet har skett med hjälp av programspråket C# och utvecklingsmiljön .NET. Företagets representanter var nöjda med resultatet då det utgör en bra grund för vidareutvecklingen av BSR Diagnostic Tool.</p> / <p>This abstract describes the bachelor degree thesis in computer technology at Växjö University. At the company BSR in Växjö, Sweden there is a new project under development called BSR Diagnostic Tool. The main idea is to use a hardware class for communication instead of the diagnostic tools that are provided by the car manufactures. In object-oriented programming, a class is a programming language construct that is used as a blueprint to create objects. The task was to implement this hardware class which will handle the communication between a computer and the control units in the vehicles. The report also includes a big theoretical part about the communication bus that is used, CAN. The objective was to create the class and make it communicate successfully with a Saab. The testing of the class was done with a simple program. The program can send a question to the vehicle and retrieve an answer with help of the hardware class. BSR provided a diagram with functions that should be present. The development of the system was done using C# and .NET Environment. The company was satisfied with the results since they provided a good basis to further development of BSR Diagnostic Tool.</p>

Den här rapporten beskriver ett examensarbete för högskoleingenjörsexamen i datorteknik vid Växjö universitet. Vid företaget BSR i Växjö pågår utvecklingen av ett diagnosverktyg benämt BSR Diagnostic Tool. Syftet med projektet är att kunna använda en hårdvaruklass som kommunikationsdel istället för diagnosverktyg från de olika biltillverkarna. Inom objektorienterad programmering är en klass ett avsnitt programkod som samlar en mängd relaterade attributer och funktioner för ett objekt. I rapporten beskrivs implementeringen av hårdvaruklassen samt tillhörande teori för kommunikationsbussen som används, nämligen CAN. BSR har redovisat vilka funktioner som bör finnas med i klassen genom att göra ett diagram med dessa. Målet i första hand var att få en fungerande kommunikation med styrenheter i en Saab. Testning har skett genom ett enkelt testprogram som ger möjlighet att skicka en fråga och få tillbaka ett svar från en styrenhet i fordonet genom hårdvaruklassen. Utvecklingen av systemet har skett med hjälp av programspråket C# och utvecklingsmiljön .NET. Företagets representanter var nöjda med resultatet då det utgör en bra grund för vidareutvecklingen av BSR Diagnostic Tool. / This abstract describes the bachelor degree thesis in computer technology at Växjö University. At the company BSR in Växjö, Sweden there is a new project under development called BSR Diagnostic Tool. The main idea is to use a hardware class for communication instead of the diagnostic tools that are provided by the car manufactures. In object-oriented programming, a class is a programming language construct that is used as a blueprint to create objects. The task was to implement this hardware class which will handle the communication between a computer and the control units in the vehicles. The report also includes a big theoretical part about the communication bus that is used, CAN. The objective was to create the class and make it communicate successfully with a Saab. The testing of the class was done with a simple program. The program can send a question to the vehicle and retrieve an answer with help of the hardware class. BSR provided a diagram with functions that should be present. The development of the system was done using C# and .NET Environment. The company was satisfied with the results since they provided a good basis to further development of BSR Diagnostic Tool.

Les fonctionnelles de Minkowski définissent des mesures topologiques et géométriques d'ensembles, insuffisantes pour la caractérisation, des ensembles différents pouvant avoir les mêmes fonctionnelles. D'autres fonctionnelles de forme, géométriques et morphométriques, sont donc utilisées. Un diagramme de forme, défini grâce à deux fonctionnelles morphométriques, donne une représentation permettant d'étudier les formes d'ensembles. En analyse d'image, ces fonctionnelles et diagrammes sont souvent limités aux images binaires et déterminés de manière globale et mono-échelle. Les Voisinages Adaptatifs Généraux (VAG) simultanément adaptatifs avec les échelles d'analyse, structures spatiales et intensités des images, permettent de pallier ces limites. Une analyse locale, adaptative et multi-échelle des images à tons de gris est proposée sous forme de cartographies des fonctionnelles de forme à VAG.Les VAG, définis en tout point du support spatial d'une image à tons de gris, sont homogènes par rapport à un critère d'analyse représenté dans un modèle vectoriel, suivant une tolérance d'homogénéité. Les fonctionnelles de forme calculées pour chaque VAG de l'image définissent les cartographies des fonctionnelles de forme à VAG. Les histogrammes et diagrammes de ces cartographies donnent des distributions statistiques des formes des structures locales de l'image contrairement aux histogrammes classiques qui donnent une distribution globale des intensités de l'image. L'impact de la variation des critères axiomatiques des VAG est analysé à travers ces cartographies, histogrammes et diagrammes. Des cartographies multi-échelles sont construites, définissant des fonctions de forme à VAG.

<p> </p><p>This abstract describes the bachelor degree thesis in computer technology at Växjö University. The company BSR in Växjö has requested an application that can measure a cars performance, with attributes like acceleration times and engine power estimation. The communication between car and computer is via the USB port on the computer and the OBD-II socket on the car with the network protocol CAN, controller area network. Cars from VAG have been the primary focus group and the application has been tested on a Volkswagen Passat CC from 2009. The system is developed in the programming language C# in the environment Visual Studio with the framework .NET. This report describes the network protocol CAN, which is an essential part in understanding how thecommunication works. Also approach, analyze and implementation is described.</p><p> </p> / <p> </p><p>Denna rapport beskriver ett examensarbete för högskoleingenjörsexamen i datorteknik vid Växjö universitet. Företaget BSR i Växjö har önskat ett program som kan mäta en bils prestanda, med attribut som accelerationstider och effektuppskattning. Kommunikationen mellan bil och dator sker via USB-port på datorn och OBD-II-uttag på bilen med protokollet CAN, controller area network. Bilar från VAG har i första hand varit målgruppen och programmet har testats på en Volkswagen Passat CC från 2009. Systemet har utvecklats i programspråket C# och i utvecklingsmiljön Visual Studio med ramverket .NET. Rapporten beskriver nätverksprotokollet CAN, vilket är en väsentlig del i att förstå hur kommunikationen går till. Även tillvägagångssätt, analys och implementering beskrivs.</p><p> </p>

This abstract describes the bachelor degree thesis in computer technology at Växjö University. The company BSR in Växjö has requested an application that can measure a cars performance, with attributes like acceleration times and engine power estimation. The communication between car and computer is via the USB port on the computer and the OBD-II socket on the car with the network protocol CAN, controller area network. Cars from VAG have been the primary focus group and the application has been tested on a Volkswagen Passat CC from 2009. The system is developed in the programming language C# in the environment Visual Studio with the framework .NET. This report describes the network protocol CAN, which is an essential part in understanding how thecommunication works. Also approach, analyze and implementation is described. / Denna rapport beskriver ett examensarbete för högskoleingenjörsexamen i datorteknik vid Växjö universitet. Företaget BSR i Växjö har önskat ett program som kan mäta en bils prestanda, med attribut som accelerationstider och effektuppskattning. Kommunikationen mellan bil och dator sker via USB-port på datorn och OBD-II-uttag på bilen med protokollet CAN, controller area network. Bilar från VAG har i första hand varit målgruppen och programmet har testats på en Volkswagen Passat CC från 2009. Systemet har utvecklats i programspråket C# och i utvecklingsmiljön Visual Studio med ramverket .NET. Rapporten beskriver nätverksprotokollet CAN, vilket är en väsentlig del i att förstå hur kommunikationen går till. Även tillvägagångssätt, analys och implementering beskrivs.

Sampling of airborne dust in industry is influenced by the potential health effects associated with human exposure. Health effects depend on mass concentration and particle size which influences the site of pulmonary deposition. Occupational diseases tend to be associated with dust deposition in specific regions of the respiratory tract. The ACGIH size selective TLVs are expressed in three forms: Inhalable Particulate Matter, Thoracic Particulate Matter, and Respirable Particulate Matter. In pneuomoconioses, the amount of dust deposited in the lungs can be estimated by sampling the respirable fraction. Dose-response relationships are derived by relating the health experience of workers to the extent of their exposure to respirable dust. It can be readily seen that validity of these relationships depends primarily on the accuracy of estimation of the exposure dose. Different sampling techniques, such as impactors, horizontal elutriators and cyclones were used for decades to estimate the exposure to respirable dusts. Cyclones have been the most widely utilized. However, the performance curve of the cyclone is considerably different from observed dust deposition data in the human alveolar compartment. Current methods of measuring respirable dust overestimate that dust fraction, which results in underestimating the agent’s toxicity in dose-response relationships. In this investigation, a new concept for sampling respirable dust was proposed and validated. The goal of this study was to design a combined impactor/cyclone device that provides better estimation of the amount of respirable dust. The objectives of this study were: 1) to calibrate ten single-stage impactors previously deigned and machined by Dr. Hammad, 2) to obtain the collection efficiency curves of ten impactor-cyclone combinations by superimposing the collection efficiency curves of impactors on the well-defined cyclone efficiency curve, and 3) to compare the combined efficiency curves to actual human alveolar deposition data, and thus validate this new concept for sampling of respirable dust. The experiment was conducted in a 20’’x20’’x20’’ aerosol testing chamber constructed from aluminum with a glass window. A LoveLace nebulizer with a nominal droplet size of 7 micrometers was used to generate fluorescent monodisperse polystyrene latex aerosols 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 micrometers in diameter. A Vilnius aerosol generator was used to generate fluorescent PSL dry powders 6 micrometers in diameter. The generated aerosols were collected on 37 mm polyvinyl chloride filters positioned after the impactors. Sample fluorescence was determined using a GloMax-Multi Jr fluorometer. Impactor efficiencies at the various sizes were used to construct the collection curves of impactors. Efficiency curves were subsequently superimposed on the cyclone efficiency curve to obtain the final efficiencies of the sampling devices. The results indicated that the cut-off diameters increased with impactor jet size. The new efficiency curves of the sampling devices had similar shapes to actual alveolar deposition as determined experimentally in human subjects. Actually they fell between actual alveolar deposition curves 2 and 4 seconds for mean residence times. The findings from this work can be applied to design a novel respirable dust sampler that provides a realistic estimate of pulmonary deposition to be used in dose- response relationships for the various mineral dusts encountered in general and mining industries. The under estimation of the dust toxicity associated with the current sampling methodology may be one of the reasons for continuous lowering of the TLV and PEL for silica.